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1.
CENOZOIC DISPLACEMENT HISTORY OF THE ALTYN TAGH FAULT:GEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FROM FIELD OBSERVATIONS IN SOUERKULI AND MANGAR REGIONS, NW CHINAtheprogramsof (1)theYoungGeologistsFoundationoftheMGMR (No .Qn979812 ) ;(2 )“theNational
(G19980 40 80 0 )and (3)openinglabora… 相似文献
2.
喀什凹陷西部位于塔里木盆地、帕米尔构造带和南西天山构造带的交接处,在新生代以来接受了大量来自于南天山和帕米尔的沉积物,并记录了新生代以来南西天山构造抬升的信息。本文选择了位于南西天山山前的铁热克萨孜晚新生代剖面开展磁组构研究。铁热克萨孜剖面晚新生代沉积序列自下而上为一套整体上粒度逐渐变粗的陆相沉积,由河流湖泊相逐渐变为扇三角洲相,并最终变为冲积扇相和洪积扇相。岩石磁学结果的分析表明剖面晚新生代沉积序列中的主要磁性矿物为赤铁矿,仅在帕卡布拉克组下部为以磁铁矿为主。磁组构结果表明该剖面的磁组构为早期的同沉积弱变形磁组构,指示了当时构造应力的方向和变化。在22.1Ma以来南西天山山前晚新生代磁组构所反映的构造应力整体上为N-S向挤压,这与帕米尔和南天山的南北向持续汇聚作用相一致。在安居安组和西域组时期,应力方向由N-S向挤压变为NNE-SSW向挤压,这一变化可能是由塔拉斯-费尔干纳断裂的活动所导致的。塔拉斯-费尔干纳断裂(Talas-Fergana Fault, TFF)的右行走滑活动可能吸收了南西天山晚新生代的部分应变量,使得南西天山山前的构造应变量相对TFF以东的南天山山前地区要更小,使得TFF以东的晚新生代山前冲断带活动相对TFF以西地区更为发育和活跃。 相似文献
3.
阿尔金山索尔库里北盆地沉积与构造演化 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
索尔库里北盆地位于阿尔金山中段，盆地的形成和演化与阿尔金断裂的走滑作用密切相关。根据野外地质填图的结果，通过沉积相、沉积环境的研究，在盆地内部划分出早第四纪七个泉组砾岩层，并将盆地新生代的沉积划分为两大序列：下部为渐新世下干柴沟组、中新世上干柴沟组、油砂山组序列，沉积相从底部的冲积扇、洪积扇向上逐渐变化为断陷湖盆相，再变化为冲积扇、洪积扇相，为一个完整的断陷湖盆的发生—发展—消亡的序列；上部为早第四纪七个泉组序列，为冲积扇、洪积扇沉积。结合盆地沉积充填过程和构造变形分析，建立了盆地多阶段的构造演化模式，进而探讨了盆地的形成演化与新生代阿尔金断裂带走滑作用过程之间的动力学联系。 相似文献
4.
黑龙江东部二龙山盆地是一新生代陆相聚煤盆地,中新世富锦组是其含煤地层。通过对富锦组沉积相、层序地层和聚煤作用特征的研究,可以看出:富锦组主要由凝灰质粉砂岩及中细砂岩、凝灰质砾岩及褐煤组成,发育滨浅湖相、深-半深湖相、冲积扇扇根相、扇中相及沼泽相,分别属于湖泊沉积体系和冲积扇沉积体系;富锦组是一个以区域不整合面为上下界的三级层序,其低位体系域对应底部砾岩段,湖侵体系域对应下部砂岩段和中部含煤段,高位体系域对应上部砂岩段;研究区煤层形成于湖侵体系域末期,且以盆地中部煤层厚度最大,向西北和西南方向煤层均变薄;聚煤作用明显受基底沉降作用影响,在湖侵体系域末期基底稳定沉降阶段,可容空间增加速率与泥炭堆积速率相平衡,从而形成了区内巨厚煤层。 相似文献
5.
沙漠沉积体系的层序地层学研究——以新疆库车盆地下白垩统为例 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：12
新疆塔里木北部库车盆地内下白垩统发育,为一套干旱红层地层。该套地层中有干盐湖及内陆萨布哈相泥岩、风成砂岩、间歇性河流砂砾岩和洪积扇砾岩等类型的沉积物,组成了一个较为典型的沙漠沉积体系。伴随着盆地基底的抬升与下沉,在地层记录中显示出旋回性沉积作用的特点,在早白垩世地层中识别出5个三级层序,它们构成1个二级构造层序,这些三级层序具有从冲积相粗碎屑沉积到湖泊相细粒沉积的相序组构,以向上变细为特征。研究表明,风成砂岩是库车盆地储集性能最好的天然气储集层,库车盆地中的克拉2气田是中国第一个以风成砂岩为主要储集层的大型天然气田。 相似文献
6.
关中盆地位于华北板块西南缘,为一新生代断陷盆地,具典型地堑形态,沉积巨厚的新生代地层。针对盆地新近纪上新世地层形成时代有争议、地层层序划分不明确、沉积相界定较笼统等问题,利用钻测井资料及野外调研,结合前人研究成果,对盆地新生代地层进行了重新划分,明确了上新世各地层形成时代及其地层层序划分和沉积相类型。研究结果表明,上新统可划分为蓝田组(11Ma—7 Ma)、灞河组(7.3 Ma—2.6 Ma)、张家坡组(3.4 Ma—2.6 Ma);新生代层序地层可划分为古近系构造层序、中新统构造层序、上新统构造层序和第四系构造层序等4个一级层序,存在6个构造层序界面。蓝田组以"三趾马红黏土"的风成沉积为特征。灞河组沉积时期,关中盆地的西安凹陷为一套冲(洪)积相、河流、三角洲相沉积,固市凹陷为一套冲(洪)积、河流、三角洲及滨浅湖相沉积;盆地边部开始出现小范围的风成黏土沉积。张家坡组以河湖相沉积为主,沉积中心向南移;盆地南北两侧或边部为冲(洪)积扇相、河流相及三角洲相沉积,边部也有小范围的风成黏土沉积。 相似文献
7.
Ancient stream-dominated (‘wet’) alluvial fan deposits have received far less attention in the literature than their arid/semi-arid counterparts. The Cenozoic basin fills along the Denali fault system of the northwestern Canadian Cordillera provide excellent examples of stream-dominated alluvial fan deposits because they developed during the Eocene-Oligocene temperate climatic regime in an active strike-slip orogen. The Amphitheatre Formation filled several strike-slip basins in Yukon Territory and consists of up to 1200 m of coarse siliciclastic rocks and coal. Detailed facies analysis, conglomerate: sandstone percentages (C:S), maximum particle size (MPS) distribution, and palaeocurrent analysis of the Amphitheatre Formation in two of these strike-slip basins document the transition from proximal, to middle, to distal and fringing environments within ancient stream-dominated alluvial-fan systems. Proximal fan deposits in the Bates Lake Basin are characterized by disorganized, clast-supported, boulder conglomerate and minor matrix(mud)-supported conglomerate. Proximal facies are located along the faulted basin margins in areas where C:S = 80 to 100 and where the average MPS ranges from 30 to 60 cm. Proximal fan deposits grade into middle fan, channelized, well organized cobble conglomerates that form upward fining sequences, with an average thickness of 7 m. Middle fan deposits grade basinward into well-sorted, laterally continuous beds of normally graded sandstone interbedded with trough cross-stratified sandstone. These distal fan deposits are characteristic of areas where C:S = 20 to 40 and where the average MPS ranges from 5 to 15 cm. Fan fringe deposits consist of lacustrine and axial fluvial facies. Palaeogeographic reconstruction of the Bates Lake Basin indicates that alluvial-fan sedimentation was concentrated in three parts of the basin. The largest alluvial-fan system abutted the strike-slip Duke River fault, and prograded westward across the axis of the basin. Two smaller, coarser grained fans prograded syntaxially northward from the normal-faulted southern basin margin. Facies analysis of the Burwash Basin indicates a similar transition from proximal to distal, stream-dominated alluvial fan environments, but with several key differences. Middle-fan deposits in the Burwash Basin define upward coarsening sequences 50 to 60 m thick composed of fine-grained lithofacies and coal in the lower part, trough cross-stratified sandstone in the middle, and conglomerate in the upper part of the sequence. Upward-coarsening sequences, 90–140 m thick, also are common in the fan fringe lacustrine deposits. These sequences coarsen upward from mudstone, through fine grained, ripple-laminated sandstone, to coarse grained trough cross-stratified sandstone. The upward-coarsening sequences are basinwide, facies independent, and probably represent progradation of stream-dominated alluvial-fan depositional systems. Coal distribution in the Amphitheatre Formation is closely coupled with predominant depositional processes on stream-dominated alluvial fans. The thickest coal seams occur in the most proximal part of the basin fill and in marginal lacustrine deposits. Coal development in the intervening middle and distal fan areas was suppressed by the high frequency of unconfined flow events and lateral channel mobility. 相似文献
8.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(12):1528-1556
ABSTRACTThe intra-continental orogeny and tectonic evolution of the Mesozoic Yanshan fold-thrust belt (YFTB) in the northern North China Craton (NCC) have been strongly debated. Here, we focus on the Shangyi basin, located in the centre of the YFTB. An integrated analysis of sedimentary facies, palaeocurrents, clast compositions, and detrital zircon dating of sediments was adopted to determine the palaeogeography, provenance, basin evolution, and intra-continental orogenic process. The Shangyi basin comprises the well-exposed Early–early Middle Jurassic Xiahuayuan Formation and the Longmen Formation, and the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Tuchengzi Formation. Based on the 18 measured sections, five facies associations – including alluvial fan, fluvial, delta, lacustrine, and eolian facies – have been identified and described in detail. The onset of the Shangyi basin was filled with fluvial, deltaic, and lacustrine deposits controlled by the normal fault bounding the northern basin, corresponding to the pre-orogeny. In the Middle Jurassic, the cobble–boulder conglomerates of alluvial fan, as molasse deposits, were compatible with the syn-orogeny of the Yanshan movement, which played a critical role in northern North China and even East Asia. After the depositional break in the Middle–Late Jurassic, the Shangyi basin, controlled by the normal fault present in the north of the basin, re-subsided and quickly expanded southward with thick sedimentation, which is correlative with the post-orogeny. Combined with A-type granites, metamorphic core complexes, mafic dikes, and rift basins of the Late Jurassic–early Early Cretaceous present in the northern NCC and Mongolia, significant extension was widespread in the northern NCC and even in northeast Asia. Moreover, vertical changes of provenance indicate that the Taihang Mountain and the Inner Mongolia palaeo-uplift (IMPU) present at the west and north of the basin, respectively, experienced uplift twice in the Middle–Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, resulting in a regional depositional break. 相似文献
9.
PALEOCENE—MIDDLE EOCENE DEXTRAL STRIKE-SLIP DEFORMATION AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATION IN THE WESTERN YUNNAN, CHINA 相似文献
10.
塔西北柯坪剪切挤压构造 总被引：28，自引：3，他引：25
塔里木西北的柯坪地区存在着再变形的逆冲岩席。研究表明塔里木盆地西北边界断层－阿合奇断层为一巨型左行走滑断层。它在新生代的总走滑量达３０４ｋｍ,具有与塔里木盆地东南边界阿尔金断层相同量级的走滑量。阿合奇断层与阿尔金断层造成了阿合奇－西昆仑－西南塔里木－阿尔金断层剪切挤压构造系统。 相似文献
11.
在对柴达木盆地一里坪地区区域地质背景分析的基础上,根据录井岩屑描述、测井相分析和岩心观察,确定该区新近系发育冲积扇、河流-泛滥平原、扇三角洲、三角洲、湖泊等沉积相。应用录井和测井资料,编制出了地层厚度、砂岩含量、暗色泥岩含量、红色泥岩含量等值线图等基础图件。在此基础上编制出了上干柴沟组-狮子沟组4幅沉积相平面图。沉积相总体特征以滨浅湖沉积为主,而在研究区周缘则多发育河流泛滥平原、三角洲和扇三角洲沉积。这些图件动态地反映出沉积、沉降中心由西向东逐步迁移的过程。鸭参3井和落参1井区长期发育三角洲沉积,是研究区储集层发育最好的区块,也是下步勘探的重点地区。该研究对沉积相的精细研究具有一定的指导意义,对研究区的油气勘探也具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
12.
Constantino Mpodozis Csar Arriagada Matilde Basso Pierrick Roperch Peter Cobbold Martin Reich 《Tectonophysics》2005,399(1-4):125
The Salar de Atacama basin, the largest “pre-Andean” basin in Northern Chile, was formed in the early Late Cretaceous as a consequence of the tectonic closure and inversion of the Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Tarapacá back arc basin. Inversion led to uplift of the Cordillera de Domeyko (CD), a thick-skinned basement range bounded by a system of reverse faults and blind thrusts with alternating vergence along strike. The almost 6000-m-thick, upper Cretaceous to lower Paleocene sequences (Purilactis Group) infilling the Salar de Atacama basin reflects rapid local subsidence to the east of the CD. Its oldest outcropping unit (Tonel Formation) comprises more than 1000 m of continental red sandstones and evaporites, which began to accumulate as syntectonic growth strata during the initial stages of CD uplift. Tonel strata are capped by almost 3000 m of sandstones and conglomerates of western provenance, representing the sedimentary response to renewed pulses of tectonic shortening, which were deposited in alluvial fan, fluvial and eolian settings together with minor lacustrine mudstone (Purilactis Formation). These are covered by 500 m of coarse, proximal alluvial fan conglomerates (Barros Arana Formation). The top of the Purilactis Group consists of Maastrichtian-Danian alkaline lava and minor welded tuffs and red beds (Cerro Totola Formation: 70–64 Ma K/Ar) deposited during an interval of tectonic quiescence when the El Molino–Yacoraite Late Cretaceous sea covered large tracts of the nearby Altiplano-Puna domain. Limestones interbedded with the Totola volcanics indicate that this marine incursion advanced westwards to reach the eastern CD slope. CD shortening in the Late Cretaceous was accompanied by volcanism and continental sedimentation in fault bounded basins associated to strike slip along the north Chilean magmatic arc to the west of the CD domain, indicating that oblique plate convergence prevailed during the Late Cretaceous. Oblique convergence seems to have been resolved into a highly partitioned strain system where margin-parallel displacements along the thermally weakened arc coexisted with margin-orthogonal shortening associated with syntectonic sedimentation in the Salar de Atacama basin. A regionally important Early Paleocene compressional event is echoed, in the Salar de Atacama basin by a, distinctive, angular unconformity which separates Paleocene continental sediments from Purilactis Group strata. The basin also records the Eocene–Early Oligocene Incaic transpressional episode, which produced, renewed uplift in the Cordillera de Domeyko and triggered the accumulation of a thick blanket of syntectonic gravels (Loma Amarilla Formation). 相似文献
13.
ALAN P. HEWARD 《Sedimentology》1978,25(4):451-488
Vertical sequence analysis within 1500-2500 m thick coarse-grained coalfield successions allows six sedimentary associations to be distinguished. These are interpreted in terms of depositional environments on, or related to alluvial fans which fringed a fault bounded source region. (i) Topographic valley and fanhead canyon fills: occurring at the bases of the coalfield successions and comprising sporadically reddened, scree, conglomeratic thinning and fining upward sequences, and fine-grained coal-bearing sediments. (ii) Alluvial fan channels: conglomerate and sandstone filled. (iii) Mid-fan conglomeratic and sandstone lobes: laterally extensive, thickly bedded (1-25 m) and varying from structureless coarse conglomerates and pebbly sandstones, to stratified fine conglomerates and cross-bedded sandstones. (iv) Interlobe and interchannel: siltstones, fine-grained sheet sandstones, abundant floras, thin coals and upright trees. (v) Distal fan: 10 cm-1.5 m thick sheet sandstones which preserve numerous upright trees, separated by silt-stones and mudstones with abundant floras, and coal seams. The sheet sandstones and normally arranged in sequences of beds which become thicker and coarser or thinner and finer upwards. These trends also occur in combination. (vi) Lacustrine: coals, limestones, and fine-grained, low-energy, regressive, coarsening upward sequences. Proximal fan sediments are only preserved in certain basal deposits of these coalfields. The majority of the successions comprise mid and distal alluvial fan and lacustrine sediments. Mid-fan depositional processes consisted of debris flows and turbulent streamflows, whilst sheetfloods dominated active distal areas. A tropical and seasonal climate allowed vegetation to colonize abandoned fan surfaces and perhaps resulted in localized diagenetic reddening. Worked coals, from 10s cm-20 m thick, occur in the distal fan and lacustrine environments. These alluvial fan deposits infill‘California-like’basins developed and preserved along major structural zones. In many of their characteristics, in particular the occurrence of thinning and fining, and thickening and coarsening upward sequences and megasequences, these sediments have similarities to documented ancient submarine fan deposits. 相似文献
14.
通过野外地质调查和地层对比,将尼玛北部盆地新生代陆相地层定为牛堡组。根据岩石组合和沉积特征分析,尼玛北部盆地牛堡组可划分为扇三角洲相、湖泊相和冲积扇相。扇三角洲相可进一步划分为扇三角洲前缘和前扇三角洲2种亚相;湖泊相可划分为半深湖—深湖和滨湖—浅湖2种亚相。盆地的演化特征可分为盆地形成初始期、盆地扩张期和盆地萎缩期,3期的演化可分别对应牛堡组的一段、二段和三段。尼玛北盆地发育的各个阶段都跟古气候变化和构造活动有很大的联系,两者共同影响着盆地发育的各个阶段。结合前人的研究资料,认为尼玛盆地的发育时代为早白垩世末期—晚白垩世初。根据盆地边缘相与半深湖—深湖沉积相伴生、牛堡组底部发现火山岩夹层等沉积特征,可以推断尼玛盆地是一个具有走滑拉张性质的盆地。 相似文献
15.
16.
柴达木盆地西部新生代沉积的发育受昆仑山(及青藏高原)崛起和阿尔金断裂的走滑活动控制。基于对该地新生界尤其是下油砂山组沉积环境的剖析,并与邻区的索尔库里北盆地进行对比,对阿尔金断裂的新生代的活动提出以下认识。1)古近纪为右行走滑,中新世起变为左行走滑,在盆地北缘伴随走滑发生的冲断作用,早期向北东扩展,晚期向南西扩展。2)阿尔金断裂的斜冲作用在始新世和上新世表现尤为明显,控制了下干柴沟组上段和狮子沟组异常高的沉积速率和沉积中心自西向东迁移。3)中新世是阿尔金断裂的松弛期,在次级北东向正断层的联合作用下可能在柴西形成拉分盆地,因而盆地发育特征明显不同于邻区的索尔库里北盆地。4)新近纪阿尔金断裂在左行走滑的大背景下经历了一个陆内的拉张—挤压旋回。 相似文献
17.
Carboniferous calcretes in the Canadian Arctic 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Calcrete palaeosols have been found in the Upper Carboniferous Canyon Fiord Formation of southwestern Ellesmere Island, Canadian Arctic. These calcretes were developed in fluvial and shallow marine sediments that accumulated within two adjacent subbasins, in which the tectono-sedimentary environment led to the deposition of five different sedimentary facies: (i) floodbasin sandstones; (ii) alluvial fan sandstones; (iii) alluvial fan conglomerates; (iv) braided fluvial sandstones; and (v) shallow marine limestones. Nodular/massive palaeosol profiles, consisting of cryptic, nodular, massive and laminar horizons, occur within the floodbasin sandstone and alluvial fan sandstone facies. Plugged palaeosol profiles, consisting of cryptic, plugged and laminar horizons, are restricted to the alluvial fan conglomerate facies. Massive/brecciated palaeosol profiles, consisting of cryptic, massive/brecciated and laminar horizons, occur essentially within the shallow marine limestone facies. The relationships between calcrete profiles and sedimentary facies suggest that profile types were controlled mainly by the texture and composition of the parent material: nodular/massive profiles are restricted to silicate-rich sandstone hosts, plugged profiles are restricted to carbonate-rich conglomerate hosts and massive/brecciated profiles are restricted to limestone hosts. Important relationships also exist between the maturity levels of nodular/massive profiles and sedimentary facies: profiles are generally mature in the floodbasin sandstones, invariably immature in the alluvial fan sandstones and absent from the braided fluvial sandstones. These different maturity levels were probably controlled mainly by exposure time, vegetation and substrate composition. 相似文献
18.
羌塘中生代(T3-K1)盆地演化新模式 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在羌塘盆地上三叠统那底岗日组陆相火山岩—沉火山碎屑岩及冲洪积相砂砾岩之下,作者发现了一个十分重要的古风化壳。该风化壳穿时超覆于肖茶卡组(T3上三叠统?)及其以下的二叠系及石炭系地层之上,沉积超覆于古风化壳之上的那底岗日组陆相火山岩—沉火山碎屑岩及冲洪积相砂砾岩代表了羌塘中生代(T3—K1,晚三叠世卡尼期至早白垩世时期)新一轮沉积作用的开启。采用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素定年方法,作者在羌塘盆地胜利河地区和望湖岭地区分别获得了一组那底岗日组玻屑凝灰岩和晶屑凝灰岩的年龄,其值为216.8±2.1 Ma和217.3±2.5 Ma;这些同沉积年龄证据证实了羌塘中生代盆地的开启时间应该为晚三叠世卡尼—若利期。羌塘中生代盆地早期沉积作用经历了一个由陆相至海相的沉积超覆过程。伴随着岩浆侵入、火山爆发及火山碎屑沉积作用,沉积超覆作用是从冲洪积相开始。总体上,表现为一个向上由浅变深的海侵序列,显示为被动陆缘裂陷盆地特征。 相似文献
19.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL DEFORMATION ALONG THE ALTYN TAGH FAULT ZONE AND UPLIFT OF THE ALTYN MOUNTAIN, NORTHERN TIBET 相似文献
20.
近二十年来,对沉积物重力流及其沉积物的研究已引起国内外沉积学界的广泛重视,无论在理论研究还是在实际应用方面,均取得了不少成功的经验,著述甚多。1987年以来,笔者对秦岭造山带中的刘岭群进行了详细的观察研究,首次在上泥盆统桐峪寺组发现一套以颗流、浊流为特征的重力流沉积组合。这一发现对整个刘岭群的沉积环境与沉积相研究具有重要意义,为秦岭造山带的形成与演化及大地构造格局研究提供了有力的沉积学依据。 相似文献