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1.
采用中国热带农业科学院植物与环境保护研究所提供的赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia foetida)和海南省典型的砖红壤为研究材料,通过蚯蚓的培养试验,研究不同处理时间(30d、60d),蚯蚓对土壤中不同形态Pb含量的影响.结果表明:在短时间内(30d)蚯蚓对土壤中不同形态Pb含量作用不明显;但长时间(60d)作用里,蚯蚓活动能降低残渣态Pb含量,显著提高了土壤交换态、无定形氧化铁结合态Pb含量,而蚯蚓活动对碳酸盐结合态、晶形氧化铁结合态、有机态、无定形氧化锰结合态Pb含量影响不显著.  相似文献   

2.
生物气候带对土壤中锰的赋存形态及其有效性的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
丁维新 《地理科学》1995,15(4):368-373
  相似文献   

3.
土壤重金属(镉、铅、铜)化学形态的地理分异研究*   总被引:17,自引:1,他引:16  
文章以我国9种主要类型土壤和同一地域的棕壤和四种褐土亚类以及红壤带中的非地带性土壤,如酸、中、石灰性紫色土,探讨了在不同自然地理条件下的土壤中,重金属Cd、Pb、Cu形态赋存状态及形态的分异特征,如土壤Pb的水溶态、交换态和弱结合态的相对百分含量随土壤地理带的分布,具南高北低、东高西低的分异规律。而同一地域各亚类的土壤间差异相对较微小。也探讨了土壤性质,如pH值、有机质与土壤重金属形态区域分异的关系,从而揭示了土壤重金属Pb等元素的形态在南北和东西方向土壤序列中的区域性分异规律。  相似文献   

4.
乌鲁木齐地区冰川、河、湖水中重金属形态及分布特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
陈喜保  章申 《地理研究》1993,12(2):69-76
本文研究乌鲁木齐地区冰川,河流和湖泊水中重金属铜、铅、锌和镉的背景值及存在形态的分配。  相似文献   

5.
Concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Cd), and phosphorous (P) were determined in surface tidal flat sediments of the Yangtze estuary and Shanghai coast. Results demonstrate that there were significant differences among the accumulation of the heavy metals in sediments, following the order: Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd. The spatial distribution and chemical forms of heavy metals in tidal flat sediments were closely related to the distribution of pollution resources (outlet of sewage) and the local sedimentary and hydrodynamic conditions. The dominated form of non-residual heavy metals is bound to Fe/Mn oxides, and the next form is bound to carbonates. Moreover, contents of total P in sediments range from 18.0 μmol.g-1 to 31.4 μmol.g-1 along the coastline, speciation of P in sediments was different, most of P in tidal flat sediments is associated with calcium phases (as Ca-P) similar to marine sediments.  相似文献   

6.
长江武汉江段水体中稀土元素的含量和形态   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
王立军  李岫霞 《地理学报》1994,49(4):353-362
本文采用中子活化分析技术同步研究了稀土元素在长江武汉江段水-悬浮物-沉积物中的地理含量分布及其赋存形态。结果表明,稀土元素在河水中溶解态含量极微,而悬浮态含量较高变幅较大。沉积物与悬浮物中稀土元素含量相近,其含量高低与粒级大小呈负相关,与矿物组成密切相关;稀土元素分布模式均为轻稀土富集、Eu亏损型。各元素赋存形态均以结晶态为主,各形态所占比例的排序为结晶态≥有机硫化物态>铁锰氧化物态>碳酸盐态≥可交换态。各稀土元素相对比较,5种形态的分配比例有一定差异,中稀土Eu、Sm、Tb较轻,重稀土的结晶态所占比例低,而其它形态则相反。  相似文献   

7.
文章以浙江省74个市县区区域发展差异研究为例,对区域研究中的多指标分析与单指标分析所得出结论的差异进行了比较研究,结论是:多指标分析与单指标分析所得出结论的差异较小;在多指标评价条件不成熟的情况下,完全可以用单指标进行区域研究。  相似文献   

8.
Concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Cd), and phosphorous (P) were determined in surface tidal flat sediments of the Yangtze estuary and Shanghai coast. Results demonstrate that there were significant differences among the accumulation of the heavy metals in sediments, following the order: Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd. The spatial distribution and chemical forms of heavy metals in tidal flat sediments were closely related to the distribution of pollution resources (outlet of sewage) and the local sedimentary and hydrodynamic conditions. The dominated form of non-residual heavy metals is bound to Fe/Mn oxides, and the next form is bound to carbonates. Moreover, contents of total P in sediments range from 18.0 μmol.g−1 to 31.4 μmol.g−1 along the coastline, speciation of P in sediments was different, most of P in tidal flat sediments is associated with calcium phases (as Ca-P) similar to marine sediments.  相似文献   

9.
区域土地利用转型诊断与调控的分析路径   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李灿 《地理研究》2021,40(5):1464-1477
土地利用转型正表现为城乡地域系统演变的重要特征,土地利用转型分析的意义在于发现土地利用形态转变指示的土地利用问题。本文尝试解析了区域人地耦合关系下的土地利用形态转型逻辑,系统阐释了区域土地利用转型的诊断分析路径,重点探讨了乡村土地利用转型问题诊断与调控途径。研究指出:① 区域土地利用转型侧重考察土地变化趋势性转折对应的土地利用方式的转变要求,阐释转型分析所指示的土地利用问题及其表现特征,以此找寻转型调控的应对策略。② 应依据尺度和梯度分异方式揭示区域土地利用转型特征,理解不同尺度上转型调控的融合过程,研判区域土地利用转型调控措施。③ 土地服务供给变化是引发乡村土地利用显性形态和隐性形态转型发生错位的关键原因,土地利用显性形态与隐性形态之间的互适关系,则反映了土地利用形态空间关系构成的问题特征。④ 基于乡村地域尺度和梯度分异原则、基于城乡融合发展背景、重构农村土地权利体系和开展国土空间规划是探索乡村土地利用转型调控的四个重要分析路径。⑤ 不同尺度区域土地利用转型认知与转型调控对策的融合仍需要进一步拓展,而激活乡村土地资源要素是调控乡村土地利用转型的关键途径。  相似文献   

10.
长江中下游浅水湖泊表层沉积物潜在可交换性磷研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
利用无限稀释外推法 (IDE法 )和Hieltjes与Lijklema提出的H-L法对长江中下游浅水湖泊表层沉积物中可交换性磷进行测定,研究了IDE法测定的潜在可交换性磷 (IDE-P )与H-L法使用NH4Cl测定的氯化铵磷 (NH4Cl-P )在不同污染程度沉积物中的分布规律及二者关系,并对IDE-P和NH4Cl-P与沉积物土壤测试磷 (STP)、磷吸附饱和度 (DPS)、总磷 (TP)和有机质关系进行讨论。结果表明,沉积物IDE-P和NH4Cl-P分布遵循重污染沉积物>污染较轻沉积物的规律,IDE-P含量高于NH4Cl-P含量;不同沉积物的(NH4Cl-P/IDE-P)%变化较大;IDE-P和NH4Cl-P与STP、DPS、总磷和有机质的相关性较好。  相似文献   

11.
按照区域发展的Logistic理论模型特征,探索性地将区域发展转型过程划分为缓慢积累期、加速成长期、高速发展期和平稳成熟期4个阶段。选取人口-社会结构、经济增长、产业结构和就业结构4项经济社会发展形态,构建区域经济社会发展阶段划分的指标体系和综合度指数,并开展中国省域尺度的区域经济社会发展阶段识别与评价。结果表明:我国区域经济社会发展演化过程中,4项形态发展不具有同步性,表现为产业结构转型程度高、发展阶段超前,而人口-社会结构、经济增长和就业结构相对落后;2000—2015年我国省域区域经济社会发展综合度不断提高,且呈现出明显的空间地域分异特征,基本形成了东部发达地区发展程度高、综合度指数高的高值区,东北地区、渝鄂中西部核心区以及山西、陕西、内蒙古和宁夏能源富集区中等发展阶段、综合度指数中等的中值区,其他区域发展阶段低、综合度指数低的低值区的空间格局。  相似文献   

12.
Kinetics of Cd Release from Some Contaminated Calcareous Soils   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Contamination of soils with heavy metals may pose long-term risk to groundwater quality leading to health implications. Bioavailability of heavy metals, like cadmium (Cd) is strongly affected by sorption and desorption processes. The release of heavy metals from contaminated soils is a major contamination risks to natural waters. The release of Cd from contaminated soils is strongly influenced by its mobility and bioavailability. In this study, the kinetics of Cd desorption from ten samples of contaminated calcareous soils, with widely varying physicochemical properties, were studied using 0.01 M EDTA extraction. The median percentage of Cd released was about 27.7% of the total extractable Cd in the soils. The release of Cd was characterized by an initial fast release rate (of labile fractions) followed by a slower release rate (of less labile fractions) and a model of two first-order reactions adequately describes the observed release of Cd from the studied soil samples. There was positive correlation between the amount of Cd released at first phase of release and Cd in exchangeable fraction, indicating that this fraction of Cd is the main fraction controlling the Cd in the kinetic experiments. There was strongly negative correlation between the amount of Cd released at first and second phases of release and residual fraction, suggesting that this fraction did not contribute in Cd release in the kinetic experiments. The results can be used to provide information for evaluation of Cd potential toxicity and ecological risk from contaminated calcareous soils.  相似文献   

13.
利用人口与经济变化组合关系和二分类Logistic回归模型,探索新时期吉林省城市发展的空间分异现象及成因。结果表明:(1)吉林省形成了绝对增长型、绝对收缩型、精明增长型和人口集聚中心4种城市发展类型。(2)绝对增长型城市产业结构不断多样化,科技发展对经济增长的贡献率日益提高;精明增长型城市先进制造业、生产性服务业迅速发展,但生活性服务业发展相对不足;绝对收缩型城市以传统制造业为主导产业,城市竞争力不断丧失,存在持续收缩的发展趋势;人口集聚中心凭借发达的公共服务业抑制了主导产业衰退背景下的人口流失现象。(3)产业结构、企业组织、政府调控以及集聚-扩散效应是新时期吉林省城市增长与收缩分化的成因。顺应区域城市发展趋势,编制存量和减量规划,分类引导城市的精明增长与收缩,是未来吉林省空间重构的主要发展路径。  相似文献   

14.
紫色土的钾素形态转化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用室内盆钵培养方法 ,研究侏罗纪蓬莱镇组 (J3P)、沙溪庙组 (J2 S)、遂宁组 (J3S)和白垩纪城墙岩群 (K1 C)紫色岩层发育土壤的钾素形态转化。结果表明 ,一年后 ,紫色土交换性钾增加 2 0mg.kg- 1 以上 ,非交换性钾增加 10 .5 8mg .kg- 1 ,结构钾减少了 31.5 6mg .kg- 1 。交换性钾、非交换性钾增加顺序分别为 :J3P >J3S >J2 S >K1 C及K1 C >J3P >J2 S >J3S ;结构钾降低的顺序为 :J3P >J3S >K1 C >J2 S。紫色土交换性钾、非交换性钾及结构钾互为消长有利于土壤源源不断地供给作物有效态钾素 ,一定程度弥补因作物带走的钾。  相似文献   

15.
Regional development differentiation is a complicated spatial and temporal dynamic process. Recent developments in spatial statistics and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have led to an increasing interest in quantitative analysis and visualization of the process. However, so far, few direct connections have been made between the newly developed methods and classic spatial development theories, which would be very helpful for the interpretation and understanding of regional spatiotemporal differentiation. Using basic concepts and academic principles of polarized growth theory and gradient transfer theory, this paper quantifies the concept of regional development space. It then proposes a method based on GIS to visually simulate and analyze regional development spatiotemporal differentiation through a case study of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region (BTHMR), China. The main research results are as follows. 1) The proposed method, built on classic theories and well-developed GIS technology, presents a good picture of regional development spatiotemporal differentiation. 2) The levels of regional development, in terms of per capita GDP across BTHMR, diminished significantly with increased distances away from city propers (which can be seen as the regional growth poles), leading to the appearance of development valley zones between different cities. The development valley zones between each city coincided with their boundary areas, which indicates that administrative boundaries have some impact on regional development, if the regional division is based on administrative boundaries. 3) From 1993 to 2007, the development level in the whole BTHMR improved significantly, of which polarized growth was dominant, especially for Beijing and Tianjin. However, as the two economic development engines in BTHMR, the pull effects of both Beijing and Tianjin on their peripheral areas were comparatively weak, except for those on Tangshan. 4) The structure and pattern of gradient transfer and balanced development in the BTHMR had not been completely developed yet, and the sustained polarized development of the regional economy in BTHMR was still going to be the main trend in the next 5–10 years.  相似文献   

16.
自然地理格局对区域 发展时空分异影响的评价方法   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
采用以偏确定性系数来表征自然地理本底条件及其空间分布格局(亦即自然地理格局)对区域发展时空分异的"边际贡献率",初步构建了一种定量分析自然地理格局对区域发展时空分异影响的评价方法,阐述了建立这种方法所要解决的关键科学问题,以及实现这一方法的具体步骤,并以我国近50年来GDP总量、人均GDP、第一产业产值和第二产业产值的时空分布为研究对象,初步分析自然地理格局对我国区域发展时空分异的影响。实证研究表明,"边际贡献率"能够定量表征自然地理格局对区域发展时空分异的影响程度及其变化,可以作为评价自然地理格局对区域发展时空分异影响的有效工具,量化与反演区域发展时空分异的驱动机制。  相似文献   

17.
以福建省为例,综合运用文献研究法、地理比较法、GIS空间分析和数理模型等研究方法,按照评价技术与区域特色相匹配、开发阈值与主体功能相协调、划分结果与自然分异相统一的设计思路,构建适宜山地丘陵区的资源环境承载能力监测预警改进方案。提出:评价模型中引入山地丘陵区的特征要素,着重探讨土地资源评价中坡度、生态保护红线、行洪通道等影响因子分值的调整,水资源评价方法的替换,重点生态功能区集成方法的调整等。在地形复杂多变、区域差异显著的情况下,宜尽可能采用具有全域覆盖特征的数据替代孤立点位数据。集中体现在农产品主产区采用的耕地质量等别评定数据,生态评价采用的以地灾点为中心的地质灾害综合影响指数中。  相似文献   

18.
陈月英 《地理科学》2007,27(5):642-647
以地级行政区为地域单元,采用多指标综合作为衡量指标,对中国滨海地带经济地域分异特征即经济发展水平的峰谷相间特征进行了研究。首先研究了峰谷相间地域格局的发育过程;然后探讨了区域产业结构和城市化水平的时序演化特征;最后总结了上述时序过程和空间过程的时空关联特征。研究的结果表明,中国滨海地带已经形成了区域之间、区域组合之间、南与北之间多层次的地域经济分异。  相似文献   

19.
郑殿元  文琦  黄晓军 《地理科学》2021,41(1):149-156
运用A-F法测度多维贫困,结合热点分析、地理探测器和主成分分析等方法对干旱风沙区进行农村多维贫困地域分异系统剖析。结果表明:① 农村多维贫困发生率为14.73%,住房、教育和发展维度贡献率分别高达32.25%,23.94%,15.98%,收入已不再是主要致贫维度;② 村域多维贫困表现出集中连片性和地域差异性,南部山区为热点区域,北部扬黄灌区和塬区为冷点区域;③ 深度贫困地区影响MPI地域分异的主导因素为村庄区位条件、自然环境和资源禀赋;④ 农村多维贫困呈现出自然环境限制农户发展,地理区位影响群体福利,资源丰度约束农业生产的地域分异机制。为了缓解区域多维贫困,亟需推进城乡公共服务均等化和融合发展。  相似文献   

20.
榆林地区脆弱生态环境的景观格局与演化研究   总被引:88,自引:8,他引:80  
张明 《地理研究》2000,19(1):30-36
作为干旱半干旱区农牧交错带的典型代表,榆林地区在自然地理上有其独特的空间分布格局,在生态上具有显著的脆弱生境特征和演化规律。本文运用景观生态学的基本理论与方法,选取分维数、形状指数和景观优势度等指标,对该区脆弱环境的景观格局进行了分析,同时对诱发该区景观生态演化的因素进行了定量诊断,并对区域生态环境的景观过程进行了探讨。  相似文献   

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