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本研究利用南极菲尔德斯半岛长城站附近的西湖沉积物 ,研究该地区的环境变化状况。对 1 993年采集的 9.2 8m长的西湖岩芯 (GA - 7)进行等间距分样 (2cm) ,进行了有机碳、δC1 3org、磁化率和粒度等环境指标分析。利用本研究区湖相沉积物的1 4C测年数据 ,发现距今 1 2 60 0年以来 ,南极菲尔德斯半岛地区至少出现过四次气温升高时期 ,即 480 0 - 4 4 0 0aB .P .、360 0 -3350aB .P .、2 1 0 0 - 1 80 0aB .P .和 90 0aB .P .-现在。研究同时发现 ,湖相沉积物的有机碳含量和δC1 3org存在显著正相关关系 ,可以作为环境温度的替代性指标 相似文献
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为了解南极淡水生态系统的水化学特征，完成了拉斯曼丘陵地区１３个湖泊和菲尔德斯半岛１０个湖泊以及雪样的调查分析。西南极乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛和东南极拉斯曼丘陵的气候条件不同，前者属于极地海洋性气候、气温不很低、湿润、风小、夏季较长；后者属于极地大陆性气候、气温低，冬天严寒、干燥、风大，夏季较短。因此，两地区的湖泊地貌、成因、发育、水生生物种群结构以及水化学状态存在较明显的差异，虽然水化学类型均比较单一，但矿化度却相差甚大。本文还对两区饮水水源进行了评价。 相似文献
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在中亚热带罗霄山脉东南段井冈山地区的江西坳山地沼泽钻取了150 cm的岩芯样品（JXA钻孔）,通过6个AMS 14C测年结果建立钻孔的年代框架,运用烧失量、腐殖化度、有机碳同位素和灰度值等多项古气候代用指标分析,重建了该地区约11 cal. ka B.P.以来的气候演化历史。结果表明：江西坳山地沼泽的古环境演变过程可以分为４个阶段：11―9.2 cal. ka B.P.钻孔沉积物的有机碳含量低,碳同位素偏负,显示C3植物为主,为气候凉干期;9.2―5.3 cal. ka B.P.碳同位素、有机碳和腐殖化度等指标均指示森林植被繁茂,沉积物泥炭堆积速度加快,为气候最适宜期;5.3―2.2 cal. ka B.P.碳同位素显著变化,有机质含量较高;2.2―0 cal. ka B.P.气候呈现季风再次增强的趋势,人类活动增强。与周边其他的研究结果对比发现：全新世以来罗霄山脉江西坳山地泥炭沼泽的古环境替代指标与低纬度地区其他全新世气候记录基本一致。 相似文献
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人类活动对南极环境的影响主要表现为全球性人类活动的影响和南极局地人类活动的影响两方面。本文在对南极乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛环境进行调查和采样分析的基础上,明确了南极环境中存在源于北半球中高纬地区人类核活动产生的人工放射性同位素１３７Ｃｓ：土壤表层（０～５ｃｍ）、苔藓活体层、枝状地衣、壳状地衣体中１３７Ｃｓ比活度分别为６．０～１４．８、２５．１、２９．０和５８．１Ｂｑ／ｋｇ;而中国北方地区土壤表层（０～１０ｃｍ）、壳状地衣体中１３７Ｃｓ比活度分别为６．４～３７．３和２９４．０～３１２．０Ｂｑ／ｋｇ,可见这类全球陆地表面广泛分布的壳状地衣是监测人工放射性核素长期扩散影响极为敏感的信息载体。南极科学考察活动对局地生态系统和地表冻融过程有一定程度的干扰,南极生物体（特别是地衣体）和水体是对人类活动影响极为敏感的环境信息载体,考察站区周围的生物体和水体中Ｃｒ、Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ等污染物含量明显偏高。菲尔德斯半岛作为南极科学考察站最为密集的地区之一,其环境与陆地生态系统受人类活动影响较为明显,故加强本区环境和生物保护工作已成为当前南极环境科学研究的重要方面 相似文献
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在南极菲尔德斯半岛进行了微生物总菌量的调查。共收集样品３５个（以土壤样品为主），从这些样品中计数得到一般细菌总量范围为：１０３－１０６ｃｅｌｓ／ｇ（３０°Ｃ），１０４－１０６ｃｅｌｓ／ｇ（１６°Ｃ），１０４－１０６ｃｅｌｓ／ｇ（４°Ｃ）；一般真菌总量范围为：１０２－１０３ｃｅｌｓ／ｇ（３０°Ｃ），１０２－１０３ｃｅｌｓ／ｇ（１６°Ｃ），１０３ｃｅｌｓ／ｇ（４°Ｃ）。初步鉴定细菌有７个属：微球菌属，葡萄球菌属，节细菌属，黄杆菌属，产碱菌属，假单胞菌属，芽孢杆菌属。真菌有５个属：青霉菌属，金孢霉菌属，枝孢霉菌属，曲霉菌属，散子囊菌属。特别是在绝大多数样品中４°Ｃ下培养的一般细菌与真菌总量明显高于３０°Ｃ下培养的菌量，同时离半岛海岸线近的地区菌量也高于半岛内陆地区的菌量。在该地区，４°Ｃ下培养的低温菌出现率主要是假单胞菌属（６９％），芽孢杆菌属（５４％），青霉菌属（４６％），曲霉菌属（１７％）。 相似文献
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Soils of Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, the maritime Antarctic: Part~-> Formation processes and pedogenetic particu-larities 
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下载免费PDF全文 Based on the data obtained from tens of the investigated soil profiles scattered over the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, the maritime Antarctic, the soil forming processes were discussed. It was concluded that on the weathering crusts resulted from various physical courses, the strong freeze thaw action within regolith, significant organic matter accumulation, evident leaching and illuviation, as well as initial argillification dominated the formation and development of the soils on the Fildes Peninsula. Furthermore, this study indicated that the juvenility of genesis, poor profile expression, variation in column thickness, etc. characterized the pedogenetic features of the soils of the Fildes Peninsula. 相似文献
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Jennifer L. Mays Mark Brenner Jason H. Curtis Kathryn V. Curtis David A. Hodell Alex Correa-Metrio Jaime Escobar Andrea L. Dutton Andrew R. Zimmerman Thomas P. Guilderson 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2017,57(4):307-319
Sediment core PI-6 from Lake Petén Itzá, Guatemala, possesses an ~85-ka record of climate and environmental change from lowland Central America. Variations in sediment lithology suggest large and abrupt changes in precipitation during the last glacial and deglacial periods, and into the early Holocene. We measured stable carbon isotope ratios of total organic carbon and long-chain n-alkanes from the core, the latter representing a largely allochthonous (terrestrial) source of organic matter, to reveal past shifts in the relative proportion of C3–C4 terrestrial biomass. We sought to test whether stable carbon isotope results were consistent with other paleoclimate proxies measured in the PI-6 core, and if extraction and isotope analysis of n-alkanes is warranted. The largest δ13C variations are associated with Heinrich Events. Carbon isotope values in sediments deposited during the last glacial maximum indicate moderate precipitation with little fluctuation. The deglacial was a period of pronounced climate variability, e.g. a relatively warm and moist Bølling–Allerød, but a cool and dry Younger Dryas. Arid periods of the deglacial were inferred from samples with high δ13C values in total organic carbon, which reflect times of greater proportions of C4 plants. These inferences are supported by stable isotope measurements on ostracod shells and relative abundance of grass pollen from the same depths in core PI-6. Similar trends in carbon stable isotopes measured on bulk organic carbon and n-alkanes suggest that carbon isotope measures on bulk organic carbon in sediments from this lake are sufficient to infer past climate-driven shifts in local vegetation. 相似文献
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南极乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛半三角附近的火山沉积岩,首次发现孢粉、叶化石,显示出晚白垩世的组合面貌。它们表明菲尔德斯半岛存在两个时代不同的植物层,即晚白垩世半三角植物层及始新世化石山植物层;菲尔德斯半岛火山活动始自中生代后期,而不是以前认为的侏罗纪,也非第三纪早期。这也是南设得兰群岛首次发现的晚白垩世陆相古生物证据。 相似文献
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以K-Ar,(39)~Ar-(40)~Ar和Rb-Sr法对菲尔德斯半岛的火山岩进行了同位素测年。实验结果表明,半岛的火山作用从晚古新世开始,可能一直延续至中中新世的早期。其间,碧玉山段的岩石分别以Rb-Sr和(39)~Ar-(40)~Ar法测定了形成年龄,年龄值为54Ma和55Ma,属于晚古新世;岛上广泛分布的玛瑙滩段熔岩的K-Ar年龄区间为45～50Ma,为早始新世;化石山段从中始新世到渐新世;而最晚形成的岩块山段的时代为中中新世的早期。这些数据,与地质和古生物证据一起,对了解该区地层的相互关系和讨论火山作用提出了正确的认识。 相似文献
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ISO TOPIC AGE AND STRATIGRAPHYCAL CORRELATION OF VOLCANIC ROCKS IN FINDES PENINSULA, KING GEORGE ISLAND 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 《极地研究》1992,3(1):60-70
The ages of volcanic rocks from the Fildes Peninsula of King George Island, West Antarctica, have been determined with K-Ar, ~(39)Ar-~(40)Ar, Rb-Sr methods by the authors, The results show that: a. The volcanism on the Fildes Peninsula has been from later Paleocene to early Middle Miocene; b. The formation time of the volcanic rocks of Jasper Hill Member belongs to later Paleocene becarse of the isotope age being 54Ma and 55Ma determined with Rb-Sr and ~(39)Ar-~(40)Ar methods, respectively, c. The volcanic rocks of Agate Beach Member are the products of the volcanic activities during Early Eocene according to K-Ar isochron (45-50Ma); d. The geological age of fossil Hill member is about Middle Eocene to Early Oligocene; e. the formation time of Block Hill member is probably early Middle Miocene. These data combining with the geological adn palaeontological evidences strongly support to best understand the stratigraphical correlation adn reveal the volcanism in studied area. 相似文献
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在研究南极长城站地区人类活动规模、环境影响及环境质量现状的基础上，探讨了南极环境研究中几个重要概念的内涵及南极环境影响评估的有关理论和方法。提出可将环境影响评估工作分为计算“影响度”和“环境承载力”两个层次；在目前南极环境缺乏环境基准值、环境标准值的情况下，可据环境背景值进行第一层次的评估工作。以长城站地区发电站废气的直接排放为例，运用高斯模式预测了发电站下风向大气环境质量，并计算了影响度，划分出影响区间，提出科学研究和科考管理的相应建议。 相似文献
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东南极大陆沿岸的维斯特福尔德丘陵(68°22'～68°40'S,77°55'～78°30'E)和西南极乔治王岛南端的菲尔德斯半岛(62°08'～62°20'S,58°45'～58°58'W)的气候条件不同。前者属于极地大陆性气候,气温低,冬季严寒,干燥、风大,夏季较短;后者属于极地海洋性气候,气温不很低,湿润、风小,夏季较长。因此,两地的冰缘地貌的组合类型及其发育过程存在明显的差异。前者冰缘地貌单一,发展速度较慢;后者冰缘地貌复杂多样,发展速度较快。 本文根据实地观测资料,对极地大陆型和极地海洋型两类冰缘地貌作一些比较,并且提出,年冻融日数是决定冰缘作用强弱的最重要指标。 相似文献
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Alexander M. Heyng Christoph Mayr Andreas Lücke Bernd Striewski Stefan Wasteg?rd Holger Wissel 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2012,48(2):351-366
Maar lakes in the Auckland Volcanic Field are important high-resolution archives of Holocene environmental change in the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses were applied on bulk organic matter and the green alga Botryococcus from a sediment core from Lake Pupuke (Auckland, North Island, New Zealand) spanning the period since 7,165?cal.?year BP. The origin of organic matter was established using total-organic?Ccarbon-to-nitrogen ratios (TOC/TN) as well as organic carbon (??13COM) and nitrogen (??15N) isotope composition of potential modern sources. This approach demonstrated that the contribution of allochthonous organic matter to the lake sediment was negligible for most of the record. The sedimentary TOC/TN ratios that are higher than Redfield ratio (i.e. >7) are attributed to N-limiting conditions throughout the record. Variations of nitrogen and carbon isotopes during the last 7,165?years are interpreted as changes in the dominant processes in the lake. While epilimnetic primary productivity controlled isotope composition before 6,600?cal.?year BP, microbial processes, especially denitrification and methane oxidation, caused overall shifts of the ??15N and ??13C values since the Mid-Holocene. Comparisons with climate reconstructions from the Northern Island suggest that changes in the wind-induced lake overturn and a shift to more pronounced seasonality were the most likely causes for lake-internal changes since 6,600?cal.?year BP. 相似文献
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《极地研究》1990,1(1):58-66
During 1985-1986, 1986-1987, and 1988-1989 expeditions on Fildes Peninsula the ground temperature was measured. A total number of 218 ground temperature data were obtained. The thermal conductivity measurements were made on 121 rock samples collected during expedition. This article gives a brief analysis and summarization of these data. 相似文献
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IntroductionInPAGESofIGBPcoreprojectstudy',pollenanalysisinsbeenoneoftheimportantmethodstoreco~ctQuaternarypaleoclilnate.Recently,tviththedeepeningofglobalchangeresearches,manyresearchersactounderstandindetaildiechangeofclimatebystUdyingpollenrecordsoflandsoilsandlakesandswamps.Foralongbine,theChinesescienhstshavepaidgreatattenhontotheStUdyofthehistoricalclinistcandenvironmentchangesinNorthChina.particularlyinBedingarea.Daingthepastthreedecades,thescienhstShavemadesurveysandstUdiesonth… 相似文献
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纳尔逊岛Stansbury半岛被玄武质、玄武安山质熔岩和火山碎屑岩以及沉积火山碎屑岩所覆盖。区域火山岩地层对比证明其是在形成长城站地区火山岩的同一火山作用下发育起来的。据地质接触关系和岩石组合特点,初步认为该半岛火山岩地层可以进一步划分为三个岩性段,分别形成于两期火山作用。该半岛的主要构造线方向平行于菲尔德斯海峡,这在地貌特征及次火山岩的分布上得到了证实。 相似文献
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西南极纳尔逊岛Stansbury半岛基本被玄武质、玄武安山质熔岩以及火山角砾岩和含植物化石的火山-碎屑沉积岩所覆盖。地层接触关系和火山岩岩石组合显示,该半岛的熔岩和火山角砾岩主要形成于第一阶段的火山活动,可与菲尔德斯半岛的碧玉山段以及玛瑙滩段地层对比;含化石的火山-碎屑沉积岩和角砾熔岩、火山角砾岩分别相当于长城站地区的化石山段和岩块山段的岩层,它们是晚期火山作用的产物。stansbury半岛和菲尔德斯半岛发育有基本相同的火山岩地层,并且都在化石山段地层中发现了植物化石,这表明两个半岛上的火山岩可能是早第三纪区域火山作用的共同产物。 半岛所出露的断裂大致平行菲尔德斯海峡并且控制了次火山岩的分布。 岩石学特征说明,Stansbury半岛的熔岩和次火山岩主要为玄武质和玄武安山质,岩石中的斑晶矿物包括偏基性的斜长石、单斜辉石。岩石化学成分中,随着SiO_2含量增高,Al_2O_3、CaO、MgO和铁含量下降,碱质则升高。和菲尔德斯半岛的火山岩一样,这个半岛的火山岩也基本沿着钙碱趋势演化。微量元素和稀土元素的丰度以及配分模式证明,这套岩石具有同源岩浆的亲缘关系并且可能经历了分离结晶作用过程。 相似文献