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The active andesitic Zhupanovsky Volcano consists of four coalesced stratovolcano cones. The historical explosive eruptions of 1940, 1957, and 2014?2016 discharged material from the Priemysh Cone. The recent Zhupanovsky eruptions were studied using satellite data supplied by the Monitoring of Active Volcanoes in Kamchatka and on the Kuril Islands information system (VolSatView), as well as based on video and visual observations of the volcano. The first eruption started on October 22 and lasted until October 24, 2013. Fumaroles situated on the Priemysh western slope were the centers that discharged gas plumes charged with some amount of ash. The next eruption started on June 6, 2014 and lasted until November 20, 2016. The explosive activity of Zhupanovsky was not uniform in 2014–2016, with the ash plumes being detected on satellite images for an approximate total duration of 112 days spread over 17 months. The most vigorous activity was observed between June and October, and in November 2014, with a bright thermal anomaly being nearly constantly seen on satellite images around Priemysh between January and April 2015 and in January–February 2016. The 2014–2016 eruption culminated in explosive events and collapse of parts of the Priemysh Cone on July 12 and 14, November 30, 2015, and on February 12 and November 20, 2016. 相似文献
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Nico Mölg Christian Huggel Thilo Herold Florian Storck Simon Allen Wilfried Haeberli Yvonne Schaub Daniel Odermatt 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(13):2551-2564
Retreating glaciers give way to new landscapes with lakes as an important element. In this study, we combined available data on lake outlines with historical orthoimagery and glacier outlines for six time periods since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA; ~1850). We generated a glacial lake inventory for modern times (2016) and traced the evolution of glacial lakes that formed in the deglaciated area since the LIA. In this deglaciated area, a total of 1192 lakes formed over the period of almost 170 years, 987 of them still in existence in 2016. Their total water surface in 2016 was 6.22 ± 0.25 km2. The largest lakes are > 0.4 km2 (40 ha) in size, while the majority (> 90%) are smaller than 0.01 km2. Annual increase rates in area and number peaked in 1946–1973, decreased towards the end of the 20th century, and reached a new high in the latest period 2006–2016. For a period of 43 years (1973–2016), we compared modelled overdeepenings from previous studies to actual lake genesis. For a better prioritization of formation probability, we included glacier-morphological criteria such as glacier width and visible crevassing. About 40% of the modelled overdeepened area actually got covered by lakes. The inclusion of morphological aspects clearly aided in defining a lake formation probability to be linked to each modelled overdeepening. Additional morphological variables, namely dam material and type, surface runoff, and freeboard, were compiled for a subset of larger and ice-contact lakes in 2016, constituting a basis for future hazard assessment. 相似文献
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通过对2016年全球活动火山监测信息的统计,2016年共有96座火山记录到喷发活动,主要分布在环太平洋俯冲带及印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞边界上。火山预警等级共有4个,可以标识火山的危险程度,本文根据火山每个预警等级在全年52次监测信息报道中的出现次数,将96座活动火山按危险程度划为4类,并对每类的火山活动作出了详细描述。2016年的火山喷发也造成了人员伤亡和财产损失,印度尼西亚是受火山灾害影响最严重的国家。此外,根据火山灰柱海拔高度的整理及近年活动火山数量的调查,推测2016年的火山活动仅会使火山附近区域的天气受到影响,应不会引起全球性的气候异常。 相似文献
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This study investigates the recovery capabilities of a single-barred beach in the Pacific Mexican coast before and after the 2015–2016 El Niño winter. Concurrent hydrodynamic and morphological data collected over a 3-year period (August 2014–2017) were analysed to determine the subaerial-subtidal volumetric exchange and cross-shore subtidal sandbar migrations, in relation to the incident wave forcing. The beach presented a seasonal seaward and landward sandbar migration cycle. The sandbar migrated offshore during the energetic waves between November and February, and onshore during the milder wave period in spring, until welding to the subaerial beach around May. The transfer of sediment towards the subaerial section continued over the summer, reaching a complete recovery by September/October. Prior to El Niño, the subaerial beach successfully recovered by the end of summer 2015 through the landward sandbar migration process. The 2015–2016 energetic winter waves caused a subaerial volume loss of ~ 140 m3 m?1 (from October 2015 to March 2016), more than twice the amount eroded in the other winters, and the sandbar moved further offshore and to deeper depths (3–4 m) than the winter before. In addition, the energetic 2015–2016 winter waves lasted for 2 months longer than in other years, making the 2016 spring shorter. Consequently, during the onshore migration, the sandbar was unable of reaching shallow depths, and a large portion of sand remained in the subtidal beach. The subaerial beach recovered 60 and 65% of the loss in the 2016 and 2017 summers, respectively. It is concluded that the landward migration process of the sandbar during the spring is critical to ensure a full subaerial beach recovery over the mild wave period in summer. The recovery capabilities of the subaerial beach will depend on the cross-shore distance and depth where the sandbar is located, and on the duration of mild wave conditions required for the sandbar to migrate onshore. 相似文献
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以山西省2016年度地震趋势研究报告、2016年以来山西省地震局月会商意见、月震情反映、周震情监视跟踪例会、紧急会商意见为依据,系统总结、整理山西盐湖M_S 4.4地震震前异常及预测过程,给出山西南部地区4级左右地震短临预测指标,并就地震预测工作中存在的一些问题进行讨论。 相似文献
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利用相对功率谱方法对风云卫星热红外亮温数据进行处理, 发现理塘MS5.1和杂多MS6.2地震前存在明显的前兆异常。 异常时空演化特征为2016年8月12日在嘉黎—察隅断裂带、 怒江断裂带和澜沧江断裂带开始出现亮温功率谱高值聚集现象, 随后幅值和面积逐渐增大, 持续至9月1日异常面积和幅度达到最大值, 然后逐渐减弱, 2016年9月21日后基本恢复正常, 异常持续近40天。 异常结束后, 分别于9月23日和10月17日在异常区域内发生理塘MS5.1和杂多MS6.2地震。 两次地震震中区域平均相对功率谱值时序曲线与异常区域时间演化过程类似, 地震发生在平均相对功率谱值恢复正常背景值之后。 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2017,(3)
This article was unintentionally published with different DOIs in the print version and the online version of Vol.59(2016)No.12.The following should be considered the version of record and used for citation purposes:CAO Xin,CHEN XueHong,ZHANG WeiWei,LIAO AnPing,CHEN LiJun,CHEN ZhiGangCHEN Jin.2016.Global cultivated land mapping at 30 m spatial resolution.SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,Vol.59 Issue 12,pages 2275-2284,DOI 10.1007/s11430-015-8291-2. 相似文献
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Yumi Yoshioka Kimihito Nakamura Hiroshi Takimoto Shinji Sakurai Takao Nakagiri Haruhiko Horino Takeo Tsuchihara 《水文研究》2020,34(16):3539-3554
The large volume of groundwater stored in the Tedori River alluvial fan, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, is an important source of local drinking and industrial water. The Tedori River was observed to be highly turbid from the beginning of May 2015 to at least November 2017 due to a landslide in the upper reach of the river. After the landslide, the groundwater level was drawn down by several to 10 m near the middle river section during paddy irrigation periods in 2015 and 2016. This study addresses the impacts of the highly turbid water on groundwater recharge from the river and paddy fields. In 2016, we sampled groundwater, river water, paddy irrigation water, paddy ponding water, and precipitation five times at 2-month intervals. We analysed the H, O, and Sr stable isotopic compositions and major dissolved ion (and Sr) concentrations and compared our data to previous data obtained in June 2011. Ca, Sr, Cl, SO4, and TN concentrations and δ18O values were higher in June 2016 than in June 2011; these increases were more extreme along the left bank of the Tedori River than along the right bank. We explored the mixing of Tedori River water with groundwater using a two-endmember mixing model based on their Sr concentrations and isotopic compositions. Compared to June 2011, mixing ratios were decreased near the Tedori River in 2016, and larger decreases were observed along the left bank and in the middle stream area. These results confirm that the contribution to groundwater recharge from the river decreased during the turbidity event, particularly along the left bank. 相似文献
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太湖流域水环境综合治理力度空前,太湖总磷浓度却于2015、2016年重回升势,蓝藻大面积暴发情况也未得到有效遏制.本文从2015和2016年环太湖河道的进出太湖水量、总磷负荷量计算入手,结合雨情、水情、太湖调蓄以及人为影响等各方面因素,分别开展水量和总磷负荷质量的平衡分析.在此基础上,结合20102017年环太湖河流多年平均进出太湖总磷负荷量对比,分析太湖总磷的外源、内源变化趋势及来源,探讨2015和2016年太湖总磷升高的原因及控制重点方向.结果表明,2015和2016年为太湖流域丰水年,尤其是2016年发生特大洪水,太湖年内最高水位达4.87 m,仅次于1999年的4.97 m的历史最高水位.2015和2016年大量外源总磷负荷进入太湖,其中环太湖河道带入的总磷负荷量占年度太湖总磷负荷总量的66.8%和74.2%,成为进入太湖的总磷负荷的主要外源;加之,2015年太湖水生植物收割造成当年沉水植物面积较上年同期下降88.7%,水生植物骤减导致对磷的吸收转化能力下降,滞留在湖体中的总磷负荷量占年度太湖总磷负荷总量的21.5%和27.5%,成为影响太湖水体总磷浓度的重要内源.太湖总磷浓度升高又为太湖蓝藻暴发进一步提供了营养盐基础,亟需强化太湖总磷源头的控制、减少总磷入湖总量. 相似文献
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This paper deals with the summit eruptions of 2015–2016, as well as with the 2016 subterminal eruption of Klyuchevskoi. We estimate the dimensions of the depression that was produced by a landfall in the southeastern trough of the volcano. We estimated the volume and area of landfall deposits. The observed volumes of landfalls during the terminal eruptions of 1944?1945, 1985, and 2016 can vary within 0.006?0.140 km3. The theoretical volumes can reach 4?8 km3. We discuss the leading factors that cause landfalls on Klyuchevskoi. These include irreversible creep at depth, the influence of cracks and fissuring in the volcanic cone, as well as the constant intrusive activity of the volcano. Geodetic measurements revealed that the rates of sliding for several individual patches on the slopes varied between 6.7 cm/yr and 19.4 cm/yr. Video and photographic observations were used to estimate the thermal power of stable steam–gas and ash jets, volume of pyroclastics, and the volume of the erupted lava. The thermal power of the steam–gas jets for 2015 was approximately 122 × 106 kW, that of the gas–ash jets was 5.9 × 106 kW. The volume of discharged pyroclastic material was V = 0.00007 km3 for 2015 and V = 0.0003 km3 for 2016. 相似文献
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RESEARCH OF SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE MENYUAN MS6.4 EARTHQUAKE ON JANUARY 21, 2016 IN LENGLONGLING AREA OF NE TIBETAN PLATEAU 
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下载免费PDF全文 On January 21 2016, an earthquake of MS6.4 hit the Lenglongling fault zone(LLLFZ)in the NE Tibetan plateau, which has a contrary focal mechanism solution to the Ms 6.4 earthquake occurring in 1986. Fault behaviors of both earthquakes in 1986 and 2016 are also quite different from the left-lateral strike-slip pattern of the Lenglongling fault zone. In order to find out the seismogenic structure of both earthquakes and figure out relationships among the two earthquakes and the LLLFZ, InSAR co-seismic deformation map is constructed by Sentinel -1A data. Moreover, the geological map, remote sensing images, relocation of aftershocks and GPS data are also combined in the research. The InSAR results indicate that the co-seismic deformation fields are distributed on both sides of the branch fault(F2)on the northwest of the Lenglongling main fault(F1), where the Earth's surface uplifts like a tent during the 2016 earthquake. The 2016 and 1986 earthquakes occurred on the eastern and western bending segments of the F2 respectively, where the two parts of the F2 bend gradually and finally join with the F1. The intersections between the F1 and F2 compose the right-order and left-order alignments in the planar geometry, which lead to the restraining bend and releasing bend because of the left-lateral strike-slip movement, respectively. Therefore, the thrust and normal faults are formed in the two bending positions. In consequence, the focal mechanism solutions of the 2016 and 1986 earthquakes mainly present the compression and tensional behaviors, respectively, both of which also behave as slight strike-slip motion. All results indicate that seismic activity and tectonic deformation of the LLLFZ play important parts in the Qilian-Haiyuan tectonic zone, as well as in the NE Tibetan plateau. The complicated tectonic deformation of NE Tibetan plateau results from the collisions from three different directions between the north Eurasian plate, the east Pacific plate and the southwest Indian plate. The intensive tectonic movement leads to a series of left-lateral strike-slip faults in this region and the tectonic deformation direction rotates clockwise gradually to the east along the Qilian-Haiyuan tectonic zone. The Menyuan earthquake makes it very important to reevaluate the earthquake risk of this region. 相似文献
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Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The paper quantitatively compares the results of calculations of the electron density Ne by the International Reference Ionosphere model IRI-2016 with experimental data... 相似文献
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Tamarah Rosellen King Mark Quigley Dan Clark Albert Zondervan Jan-Hendrik May Abaz Alimanovic 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(7):1238-1256
The 20 May 2016 MW 6.1 Petermann earthquake in central Australia generated a 21 km surface rupture with 0.1 to 1 m vertical displacements across a low-relief landscape. No paleo-scarps or potentially analogous topographic features are evident in pre-earthquake Worldview-1 and Worldview-2 satellite data. Two excavations across the surface rupture expose near-surface fault geometry and mixed aeolian-sheetwash sediment faulted only in the 2016 earthquake. A 10.6 ± 0.4 ka optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) age of sheetwash sediment provides a minimum estimate for the period of quiescence prior to 2016 rupture. Seven cosmogenic beryllium-10 (10Be) bedrock erosion rates are derived for samples < 5 km distance from the surface rupture on the hanging-wall and foot-wall, and three from samples 19 to 50 km from the surface rupture. No distinction is found between fault proximal rates (1.3 ± 0.1 to 2.6 ± 0.2 m Myr−1) and distal samples (1.4 ± 0.1 to 2.3 ± 0.2 m Myr−1). The thickness of rock fragments (2–5 cm) coseismically displaced in the Petermann earthquake perturbs the steady-state bedrock erosion rate by only 1 to 3%, less than the erosion rate uncertainty estimated for each sample (7–12%). Using 10Be erosion rates and scarp height measurements we estimate approximately 0.5 to 1 Myr of differential erosion is required to return to pre-earthquake topography. By inference any pre-2016 fault-related topography likely required a similar time for removal. We conclude that the Petermann earthquake was the first on this fault in the last ca. 0.5–1 Myr. Extrapolating single nuclide erosion rates across this timescale introduces large uncertainties, and we cannot resolve whether 2016 represents the first ever surface rupture on this fault, or a > 1 Myr interseismic period. Either option reinforces the importance of including distributed earthquake sources in fault displacement and seismic hazard analyses. 相似文献
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计算2016年3月12日运城盐湖ML 4.8地震序列谱振幅相关系数,并与2006年代县震群相关系数进行对比分析。结果显示,2016年运城盐湖序列与2006年代县震群谱振幅相关系数总体呈下降趋势,但存在起伏变化,在转折上升过程中发生最大余震或震群的主震;2个地震序列的相关系数平均值均不高,可能是因为震源机制一致性较弱,区域应力水平较低。 相似文献
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利用青海区域地震台网数字地震波资料,计算2010—2016年研究区域184个ML≥2.5地震及2016年门源地震序列150个ML≥2.0地震的震源动力学参数,分析视应力时空变化。结果显示：视应力与震级呈正相关,随震级增大而升高;门源6.4级地震前中小震视应力存在起伏变化,可能反映了区域应力场的增强;门源ML 5.0强余震前小震视应力呈升高趋势。 相似文献
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Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The properties of solar bipoles based on data from magnetic field observations at Mount Wilson Observatory during the period of 1917–2016 are considered. Special... 相似文献
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Bednaruk S. E. Dilman N. A. Kozlov D. V. Mastryukova A. V. Chukanov V. V. 《Water Resources》2018,45(1):29-38
Simulation models of river reservoir functioning in which dynamic volume nomograms are used to consider the non-horizontal nature of the reservoir water surface have not been so far applied due to the lack of accurate and fast-working computer realizations of such models. In 2015–2016, the authors of this paper developed such a program. In the periods of carrying out special-purpose spring water releases to the lower reaches of the Volga River in 2016 and in 2017, the developed model was used in a trial mode for a designing the reservoirs’ water regime. The results of water releases carried out under complicated hydrological and economic conditions proved the high performance of the model and confirmed the prospects of its application to solve the inverse problem. 相似文献
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《Limnologica》2019
Lake Baikal is facing several environmental stressors, including climate change and nearshore eutrophication. To assess recent ecological changes in Lake Baikal and provide a baseline for future comparisons, we sampled spring plankton communities from the pelagic zone of the lake in 2016 and compared these data with unpublished and published historical information going back to 1990. In 2016, one pelagic long-term monitoring station was sampled in early spring (March) during ice cover and 21 long-term monitoring stations located throughout the lake were sampled in late spring (May-June). We measured water chemistry parameters at most stations and the abundance, taxonomic composition and biomass of bacteria, ciliates and phytoplankton at several locations in different areas of the lake. Biotic parameters from 2016 were compared with historical data, showing significant changes in the spring pelagic microbial community since the 1990s. We show increased quantities of small species, mixotrophic ciliates, and the appearance (or increasing number) of small coloured and colourless flagellates. We also show substantially decreased densities of formerly dominant heavily silicified diatoms such as Aulacoseira spp. Since 2007, Synedra acus subsp. radians, a smaller and weakly silicified diatom, has dominated the spring plankton of the lake. These results suggest that Lake Baikal’s pelagic plankton community may be changing, with climate likely playing a dominant role in these changes. 相似文献