共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 70 毫秒
1.
应用µCT225kvFCB型高精度(µm级)CT试验分析系统,对直径1 mm的瘦煤从18 ℃到600 ℃高温下的热破裂过程进行了显微CT观测和分析.发现了瘦煤的热破裂规律:300 ℃煤样中大量小的孔隙贯通成大的孔隙团,因此瘦煤的热破裂阈值在300 ℃附近,从常温到300 ℃煤样的孔隙率增加了0.5倍左右.研究了煤样在100~600 ℃范围内热破裂孔隙分布的分形规律,研究发现:从100 ℃到600 ℃,煤样的分形维数D随温度升高呈现先减小、后增加的趋势.孔隙的演化规律:由初始较规则的小孔隙变形,过渡到大量较规则、小孔隙贯通成不规则的大的孔隙团,之后孔隙团缩合减小趋于规则.分布初值的对数随温度升高呈现先降低后增加的趋势;从18 ℃到600 ℃孔隙数量的演化规律为先减小后增加. 相似文献
2.
模拟断层泥的摩擦实验对地震的成核及断层带变形组构的研究具有重要意义。文中对辉长岩摩擦实验中的断层泥变形组构及形成机理进行了研究 ,以期从实验室角度来理解地壳深部断层活动的性质和特点。断层泥剪切组构中的边界剪切带 ,R1,Y剪切面比较发育 ,T裂隙次之 ;R2 ,P ,X剪切面不发育。R1面与边界面的夹角较小 ,平均在 1 1°左右 ,为单剪变形过程中达到破裂极限状态时形成的 1组库仑破裂面。分析表明R1面密度随正应力的增加而明显增高。而在相同的正应力下 ,随温度的增高 ,R1面的密度也有增加的趋势。当温度高于 5 0 0℃时 ,断层带内的斜长石出现塑性变形特征 ,R1剪切面与矿物的压性面理组成典型的S -C组构 相似文献
3.
《地球物理学进展》2016,(1)
为了探讨深部岩体在破裂过程中气体运移规律,本文利用改进后电液伺服岩石力学三轴试验机和高精度气体监测装置,依据深部工程开挖后岩体中应力变化特点对加拿大Creighton矿区花岗岩样品进行温度-压力实验.在实验中观测到随着温度升高样品外表面连通裂隙内游离气体热膨胀向外界逸散,释放气体中各组分浓度变化趋势与温度成正相关.在温度和单轴压力作用下花岗岩样品破裂成核前监测到声发射密集出现,破裂产生大量张性裂隙为游离气体提供储气空间,短时间内造成气体压力突降并在裂隙内外之间形成压力梯度,驱动外界气体向新生裂隙回流.裂隙区域充满回流的气体后溢出CO_2、CH_4和H_2S.在围压持续增大过程中裂隙逐渐闭合同时排出大量游离气体.根据实验结果分析并讨论在岩体破裂过程中气体运移规律. 相似文献
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为探究特厚煤层开采对上覆黄土斜坡的破裂效应,以彬长矿区斜坡为例,运用物理模型试验与数值模拟相结合的方法,分析黄土斜坡中裂隙的产状和力学特征。结果表明：由于煤层开采,在上覆黄土斜坡中产生的裂隙可分为与坡面近垂直的裂隙和与坡面平行的裂隙两组,表现出了明显分异性和序次;与坡面近垂直裂隙首先出现,具有拉张裂隙特征,起到了切割坡体的作用;与坡面近平行裂隙是由坡面近垂直裂隙逐渐派生的,具有剪切裂隙特征,控制着黄土斜坡中潜在滑面的形成。两组裂隙呈网状分割坡体,使斜坡土体结构碎裂化和散体化。 相似文献
6.
在实验室超声波频率下(纵波主频为700kHz、横波为250kHz)对层理发育的页岩和泥岩的各向异性进行了研究,给出了在干燥和油饱和条件下,样品不同方向上纵、横波速度以及各向异性参数随压力的变化规律. 用X 射线衍射和扫描电镜分析了样品中引起各向异性的原因,指出平行于层理定向排列的粘土矿物和微裂隙是使样品显示出强弹性各向异性的内在原因. 随着压力的增高微裂隙逐渐闭合,样品的各向异性程度减弱. 孔隙流体的存在增强了孔隙（裂隙）的刚度,减弱了各向异性随压力增大而减小的趋势. 相似文献
7.
为了研究水力压裂中岩石的破裂及裂缝延展规律,开展水力压裂实验模拟.采用大型真三轴压裂设备对花岗岩岩样(300 mm×300 mm×300 mm)进行水力压裂,16道检波器接收,在识别的声发射信号上拾取初至走时,Geiger定位结果表明,压裂中声发射事件位置与压裂示踪剂显示相一致,CT扫描制作的数字岩心准确反映实际的破裂面.从压裂曲线上提取的破裂压力,结合围压分析表明,整个破裂面与初始破裂相一致,岩石破裂后沿该破裂面延展,直至结束.实验分析表明,裂缝发育由裂缝方向和裂缝类型共同决定,遵循裂缝发育能量消耗最小原则,合理解释了本次实验压裂现象;针对实验中单一破裂现象,提出了改进水力压裂设计的建议. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2020,(2)
增强型地热系统(EGS)储层的裂隙展布特征决定了热开采的效果.基于EGS储层压裂得到的裂隙网络呈现出较强的非均匀性,本文构建EGS平行多裂隙非均匀展布模型研究裂隙展布特征对EGS采热影响.为表征裂隙展布的非均匀性,创新地引入了优势流动比的概念.研究结果表明:在体积为500 m×600 m×600 m,初始温度200℃,均匀激发热储层7条裂隙展布,流量为30 kg/s时,储层产出温度可保持储层初始温度15年,并在热开采进行50年后仍能保持较高产出温度192.3℃,电功率为2.88～3.10 MW,电功率的降幅仅为7.1%.非均匀激发热储层的采热性能受到裂隙数量和裂隙展布特征的共同影响.产出温度与裂隙数量呈不严格的正相关性,并与优势裂隙比呈负相关性.非均匀压裂的热储层中,通过封堵优势裂隙或增强储层压裂使裂隙宽度均匀化,均可增强系统的采热性能.综合来看,裂隙数目越多,裂隙宽度分布越均匀,流体产出温度越高,采热效果越好.本文对EGS地热田的储层激发,和人工热储层的构建有一定的指导意义. 相似文献
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在实验室中研究了蛇纹岩和角闪岩样品在不同温压条件下的纵、横波速度和Q值．这两种岩样对应的主要组成矿物叶蛇纹石和普通角闪石都具有很强的晶格优选方位（LPO）．随着围压的增加,波速和Q值均增大,但是在相互正交的三个方向上（垂直或平行于层理面及线理方向）增大的速度并不相同,这与微裂隙的逐渐闭合密切相关．在600MPa的围压下升高温度直到600℃以上,由于微裂隙的热扩张受到约束,波速和Q值下降幅度很小．观测到的波速和Q值的各向异性具有不同的机理,波速各向异性主要与定向分布的微裂隙和主要矿物的LPO等构造因素有关;高围压下纵波Q值各向异性与速度各向异性正好相反,可能是由于形成层理面的定向排列的平板状矿物晶体沿不同方向边界之间接触程度不同造成的． 相似文献
10.
《地球物理学进展》2016,(3)
增强型地热系统(EGS)是开发深层高温地热能的有效途径.本文在垂直单裂隙模型(SVFM)的基础上构建了平行多裂隙模型(MPFM),验证了其可靠性及优越性,创新地提出了换热单元体(HTU)的概念,将对整体热储层的研究集中于采热基本单元上,并利用此模型对EGS采热过程中裂隙流体及热储层温度场的演化进行模拟.基于介质分类,将采热的影响因素分为流体和岩体.本文针对岩体热储层分别设计多组案例,分析了岩体HTU尺寸及储层初始温度对釆热的影响.结果表明,HTU的厚度与流体产出温度呈负相关,但与热储层的热采率呈正效应;HTU的长度与采出温度和热储寿命呈正相关;热储层的初始温度也与流体采出温度呈正相关,对热储寿命影响不大.因此,热储层激发越充分,对流换热越充分,采热效率越高.注采策略应与热储层的激发情况相配合,才能取得较好的热开采效果. 相似文献
11.
Jiao YangQuan Wu LiQun He MouChun Roger Mason Wang MinFang Xu ZhiCheng 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2007,50(2):114-123
The Lucaogou Formation carbonate-rich oil shale source rock is exposed at the southern margin of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, NW China. We have sampled it in detail and conducted microstructural, mineralogical and geochemical studies, including thin section petrography, UV fluorescence petrography, X-ray diffraction, vitrinite reflectance, bitumen reflectance, fluid inclusion analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Organic matter is disseminated through the carbonate-bearing siltstone source rocks and concentrated in numerous bedding parallel stylolites and in two sets of carbonate veins, one along bedding parallel fractures and the other cross-cutting stylolites and bedding. The research about maturity of organic matter finds vitrinite reflectance values increase from the dispersed kerogen (0.64%) to the stylolites (the one of oriented vitrinite is 0.72% and the one of migrated bitumen is 2.38%); Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in veins containing hydrocarbon fluid inclusions show an increase from 178.5°C in the bedding parallel veins to 222°C in the cross-cutting veins, confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. These results support a model of progressive heating accompanied by fluid loss during later stages of thermal maturation of source rock and the onset of primary migration. Obviously, the occurrence of organic matter is the trace of hydrocarbon primary migration, and the bedding lamination surfaces and cross-cutting fissures are the principal pathways of hydrocarbon-bearing fluids migration. Bedding lamination surfaces evolved into stylolites along the earliest primary migration pathways, followed by bedding parallel and cross-cutting fissures.
相似文献12.
Jiao YangQuan Wu LiQun He MouChun Roger Mason Wang MinFang Xu ZhiCheng 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(2):114-123
The Lucaogou Formation carbonate-rich oil shale source rock is exposed at the southern margin of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, NW China. We have sampled it in detail and conducted microstructural, mineralogical and geochemical studies, including thin section petrography, UV fluorescence petrography, X-ray diffraction, vitrinite reflectance, bitumen reflectance, fluid inclusion analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Organic matter is disseminated through the carbonate-bearing siltstone source rocks and concentrated in numerous bedding parallel stylolites and in two sets of carbonate veins, one along bedding parallel fractures and the other cross-cutting stylolites and bedding. The research about maturity of organic matter finds vitrinite reflectance values increase from the dispersed kerogen (0.64%) to the stylolites (the one of oriented vitrinite is 0.72% and the one of migrated bitumen is 2.38%); Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in veins containing hydrocarbon fluid inclusions show an increase from 178.5°C in the bedding parallel veins to 222°C in the cross-cutting veins, confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. These results support a model of progressive heating accompanied by fluid loss during later stages of thermal maturation of source rock and the onset of primary migration. Obviously, the occurrence of organic matter is the trace of hydrocarbon primary migration, and the bedding lamination surfaces and cross-cutting fissures are the principal pathways of hydrocarbon-bearing fluids migration. Bedding lamination surfaces evolved into stylolites along the earliest primary migration pathways, followed by bedding parallel and cross-cutting fissures. 相似文献
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砂岩的热开裂研究具有广泛的工程背景，本文实时在线观察和研究了不同温度作用下平顶山砂岩的热开裂：温度低于150℃时，砂岩几乎不发生热开裂；温度从150℃升高到300℃过程中大量的热开裂发生.而不同的矿物成分发生热开裂的阈值温度不完全相同，因此热开裂的阈值温度或者阈值温度范围只具有统计意义.砂岩热开裂主要与矿物成分的热学与力学性质有关，除了受到矿物热膨胀不匹配及热膨胀各向异性的影响，更重要的还受到矿物颗粒形状的影响，如热开裂多发生在矿物颗粒的短轴方向、优势结晶取向、颗粒奇异界面等，且热开裂的分布具有随机性.实验还观察到砂岩表面微缺陷发生闭合的全过程，在冷却过程也有微裂纹形成等现象. 相似文献
14.
GENG Da-yu 《地震学报(英文版)》2000,13(4):466-476
Tremendous losses were caused by ground fissure hazard both in USA and China. Six states of southwestern USA and seven provinces of central China were affected by the destructive ground fissures. The aseismic ground fissure hazards usually take place in land subsidence area. The comparison of the two countries’ ground fissures were given including ground fissure formation, evolution, mechanics of destruction and countermeasures against them. The destructive ground fissures occurred about a half century earlier in USA than in China. The mechanisms of various ground fissures were analyzed with interdisciplinary studies. It has been found that the preexisted faults are serving as the bases of forming modern ground fissure, and human activities, e.g. over pumping ground water, or oil, can accelerate the creeping of the fissures and make them destructive to many kinds of civil engineering. The countermeasures to mitigate ground fissure hazard were put forward, not only in science and technology but also in social administration. The successful practices in the two countries were introduced as examples. 相似文献
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IntroductionGround fissures are very popular each surface phenomena showing the discolltinue or broken of the earth surface. Usually, they occur accompanying with other geological hazards. Thereare many kinds of ground fissures: tectonic fissures, including fault fissures, eathquake fissures,volcanic fissures; slip-collapse fissures, including landslide fissures, mining fissures. Ground fissures have long history in China. The earliest ground fissures were recorded aboUt five thousandyears a… 相似文献
16.
文中讨论了库水渗漏在水库诱发地震中的作用,经过分析研究现有的水库诱发地震资料及相关理论,类比蒸汽锅炉与重力热管的热工原理,提出了水库地震成因的超临界水二级相变孕震模型。模型在水库孕震的各阶段表现为:初始阶段,渗漏水在压力注射和重力作用下形成水塞密封盖层,在超临界温区的地层裂隙中引发二级相变循环对流;孕育阶段,地层原生裂隙在高围压条件下形成应力腐蚀、化学蚀变、温差应力破碎作用,从而原生裂隙更加发育,制造了更大的对流循环通道;临震突变阶段,在热管下部热交换区内的临界水热通量剧增,超临界水发生横向流动,向封盖层外部扩散;发震阶段,在超临界水重力热管的通量和热管上部交换区所形成的压力,超过地层或封盖层的破坏极限时,推动上部地层做活塞运动导致地震 相似文献
17.
WANG Xiaoqiong XU Jianguo ZHAO Chenxu LIU Tongyuan GE Hongkui SHEN Yinghao WU Shan YU Jiayao HUANG Rongyan 《中国地震研究》2020,34(2):167-186
The premise of hydraulic fracturing is to have an accurate and detailed understanding of the rock mechanical properties and fracture propagation law of shale reservoirs. In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation of the mechanical properties of the shale oil reservoir in the south of Songliao Basin is carried out. Based on the experiments and the in-situ stress analysis, the fracture propagation law of three types of shale reservoirs is obtained, and the suggestions for fracturing are put forward. The results have shown that the fracture propagation of pure shale and low mature reservoir is easy to open along the bedding plane under compression loading, which is greatly influenced by the bedding. Sand-bearing shale is slightly better, the fractures of which are not easy to open along the bedding plane. The mechanical experimental results show that all the samples have the characteristics of low compressive strength, low Young''s modulus and strong anisotropy, indicating that the shale oil reservoir is certain plastic, which is related to its high clay mineral content and controlled by the bedding development. Compared with pure shale and low mature shale, the sand-bearing shale has less clay content and less developed bedding, which maybe the main reason for its slightly better brittleness. Overall, the expansion of hydraulic fracture is controlled by in-situ stress and bedding. Because of the development of bedding, it is easy to form horizontal fractures. Thus it is not suitable for horizontal well fracturing. Because of the high content of clay minerals, the applicability of conventional slick hydraulic fracturing fluid is poor. It is suggested to use vertical well or directional well to carry out volume fracturing. In this way, the effect of bedding can be effectively used to open and connect the bedding and form a larger fracture network. 相似文献
18.
致密气藏低孔低渗和超低含水饱和度等特征使其潜在水相圈闭损害严重,致密天然气产出表现为多尺度特征.选取泥页岩、致密砂岩和致密碳酸盐岩岩心,开展了100~600℃高温处理对岩心渗透率、孔隙度、重量、长度、直径和声速的影响实验.实验结果表明,碳酸盐岩、致密砂岩和泥页岩的热开裂阈值分别在300~400℃、300~500℃和500~600℃;高温处理后,岩心重量和密度降低,体积增加,泥页岩岩心孔隙度和渗透率提高幅度最显著,600℃处理后声波时差比常温时岩心声波时差提高了1.3倍.热处理消除了水相圈闭和粘土矿物膨胀损害,提高岩石孔隙度和渗透率,恢复或改善致密储层多尺度传质,有利于致密天然气资源开发,但同时高温使岩石破裂,扩展天然裂缝或产生新裂缝,导致工作液漏失,因此,热致裂给勘探开发致密天然气提出了机遇与挑战. 相似文献
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The earth fissures in the Su-Xi-Chang area are caused by differential land subsidence due to long-term excessive groundwater withdrawal and controlled by the bedrock ridge or cliff underlying. There have been more than 15 earth fissures in the area since 1989. The field investigations have lasted for more than 20 years. The earth fissures generally have a main fissure and a number of secondary ones parallel to the main one. The main fissure (crack) has a scarp, is steeply dipping, and can be more than 2000 m long. Geophysical surveys (2D or 3D seismic investigation, controlled source audio frequency magnetotelluric sounding, and electric sounding) combined with geological drilling are effective for the investigation of earth fissures. Geodetic leveling is effective to monitor the ground deformation across the earth fissure, so is the extensometer for the opening of the fissure. The activities of earth fissures are directly related to different stages of land subsidence and controlled by geological abnormalities. Most earth fissures in the area are still active. 相似文献