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1.
We have undertaken a statistical study of the component mass ratios and the orbital eccentricities of WR + O close binary, detached main-sequence (DMS), contact early-type (CE), and semidetached (SD) systems. A comparison of the characteristics of WR + O systems and of DMS, CE, and SD systems has enabled us to draw certain conclusions about the evolutionary paths of WR + O binaries and to demonstrate that up to 90% of all known WR + O binaries formed as a result of mass transfer in massive close O + O binary systems. Since there is a clear correlation between the component masses in SD systems with subgiants, the absence of an anticorrelation between the masses of the WR stars and O stars in WR + O binaries cannot be considered evidence against the formation of WR + O binaries via mass transfer. The spectroscopic transitional orbital period P tr sp corresponding to the transition from nearly circular orbits (e sp<0.1) to elliptical orbits (e sp≥0.1) is ～14d for WR + O systems and ～2d–3d for OB + OB systems. The period range in which all WR + O orbits are circular \((1\mathop d\limits_. 6 \leqslant P \leqslant 14^d )\) is close to the range for SD systems with subgiants, \(0\mathop d\limits_. 7 \leqslant P \leqslant 15^d \). The large difference between the P tr sp values for WR + O and OB + OB systems suggests that a mechanism of orbit circularization additional to that for OB + OB systems at the DMS stage (tidal dissipation of the orbital energy due to radiative damping of the dynamical tides) acts in WR + O binaries. It is natural to suggest mass transfer in the parent O + O binaries as this supplementary orbit-circularization mechanism. Since the transitional period between circular and elliptical orbits for close binaries with convective envelopes and ages of 5×109 years is \(P_{tr} = 12\mathop d\limits_. 4\), the orbits of most known SD systems with subgiants had enough time to circularize during the DMS stage, prior to the mass transfer. Thus, for most SD systems, mass transfer plays a secondary role in circularization of their orbits.In many cases, the initial orbital eccentricities of the O + O binary progenitors of WR + O systems are preserved, due to the low viscosity of the O-star envelopes and the short timescale for their nuclear evolution until the primary O star fills its Roche lobe and the mass transfer begins. The mass transfer in the parent O + O systems is short-lived, and the number of orbital cycles during the early mass-transfer stage is relatively low (lower than for the progenitors of SD systems by three or four orders of magnitude). The continued transfer of mass from the less massive to the more massive star after the component masses have become equal leads to the formation of a WR + O system, and the orbit's residual eccentricity increases to the observed value. The increase of the orbital eccentricity is also facilitated by variable radial mass loss via the wind from the WR star in the WR + O system during its motion in the elliptical orbit. The result is that WR + O binaries can have considerable orbital eccentricities, despite their intense mass transfer. For this reason, the presence of appreciable eccentricities among WR + O binaries with large orbital periods cannot be considered firm evidence against mass transfer in the parent O + O binary systems. Only for the WR + O binaries with the longest orbital periods (4 of 35 known systems, or 11 %) can the evolution of the parent O + O binaries occur without filling of the Roche lobe by the primary O star, being governed by radial outflow in the form of the stellar wind and possibly by the LBV phenomenon, as in the case of HD 5980. 相似文献
2.
We consider mass exchange in close binaries containing low-mass, fully convective components on the dynamical time scale. We present the results of three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of this process in close binaries contracting onto the main sequence (binary pre-MS stars). Our results suggest that some systems with superplanets could be formed by this process, which could be considered a special type of binary star. We have determined the ranges of the relative donor masses that allow the merger of the binary components and the formation of systems with superplanets or the survival of the binary during the mass exchange. These process should result in a deficit of binaries with similar component masses. 相似文献
3.
Experiments have been carried out to determine the effect of joints on the propagation of P-waves in specimens of both weak and strong rocks; in particular the effect of normal stress on the transmission of P-waves in jointed rock was studied. These experiments were supported by measurements of seismic wave velocity carried out in tunnels driven in Lower Chalk and Carboniferous strata. The laboratory tests showed that relatively small normal stresses are sufficient to close joints acoustically and this was confirmed by the tunnel site observations. The results show that the interpretation of seismic data for the exploration of engineering sites may be improved by allowing for effects which result in the acoustic closure of joints. 相似文献
4.
Y. M. Maharramov 《Astronomy Reports》2013,57(4):303-309
We study the variability of the Hα and Hβ lines in the spectrum of 55 Cyg based on observations carried out in 2010 on the 2-m telescope of the Shamakhy Observatory of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences. These observations were carried out at the Cassegrain focus of the telescope. The spectral resolution is close to 15 000. The Hα emission and absorption components disappeared on some nights. This may be associated with asphericity of the stellar wind. A more complete explanation requires additional observations. 相似文献
5.
冻融循环作用下土工袋冻胀量和融沉量试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究季节性冻土地区冻融循环作用下土工袋防冻融、冻胀效果,对不同冻融循环作用下土工袋和土进行了室内模型试验,在开放系统和封闭系统中分别研究了土工袋和土冻胀量、融沉量之间关系,试验结果表明,经历4次冻融循环作用后,封闭系统中土工袋冻胀量、融沉量分别小于土的冻胀量、融沉量;开放系统中土的冻胀量为土工袋冻胀量的1.9倍,土的融沉量为土工袋融沉量的2.2倍,开放系统中地下水对土工袋的补给量远小于土的补给量,试验验证了土工袋可以有效防止渠道及建筑物基础冻融、冻胀破坏,可为渠道防冻胀提供理论基础。 相似文献
6.
An analysis of data from three years of monitoring of interplanetary scintillations in 2015–2017 during a phase of decreasing solar activity is presented. The observations were carried out on the Large Scanning Antenna of the Lebedev Physical Institute at 111 MHz. During the period considered, the spatial distriution of the scintillation level was close to spherically symmetrical, on average, and did not undergo any strong time variations on scales of months or years. The monthly-mean scintillation level is not correlated with theWolf number.
相似文献7.
全球变化研究的新思维 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
地球系统及其各圈层都是个复杂系统。全球变化研究需要针对此种特点 ,运用中国传统文化的精髓———整体观方法论 ,开展整体地球以及更大整体系统的整体研究 ,从中找出关键因子和关键性物理过程 ,力戒“瞎子摸象”。文中探讨了多种时间尺度的全球变化与相应的天文参数变化的密切联系 ,认为天地耦合有可能是引起全球变化的重要途径。同时 ,讨论了有关全球变化的若干新观点和新的物理机理。 相似文献
8.
在多煤层发育地区,各煤层组之间发育低渗透岩层,使得上下煤组之间形成独立的多层叠置含煤层气系统。根据相对独立含气系统理论对西山煤田南部赤峪地区的多煤层进行了含气系统的划分,并对储层压力、临界解吸压力等参数进行了分析,在此基础上采用COMET3数值模拟软件进行了单层排采、合层排采和递进排采分析。模拟结果显示：单层排采产量低,经济可采时间短,且成本较高;合层排采比单层排采产量高,经济可采时间长,但各含气系统之间由于相互干扰,贡献不一,使资源浪费;递进排采产气量和稳产时间均优于前两者。可根据产气压力来确定多层叠置含煤层气系统排采次序,首先排采产气压力最高的含气系统,当压力降至压力低的系统时再合排。 相似文献
9.
Tertiary deep crustal ultrametamorphism in the Hidaka metamorphic belt, northern Japan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Main Zone of the Hidaka metamorphic belt is an imbricate stack of crustal material derived from an island arc in which a sequence of units with increasing metamorphic grade from low to high structural levels is exposed. The basal part of the metamorphic sequence underwent granulite facies metamorphism with peak P–T conditions of 7kbar, 870°C. In this zone pelitic granulite includes leucosomes which consist mainly of orthopyroxene-plagioclase-quartz.
To test whether the leucosome was derived by partial melting of the surrounding pelite, melting experiments of the pelitic granulite were carried out for water-saturated and dry systems at 7 kbar and 850°C. The chemical composition of the leucosome produced during these runs shows a peraluminous S-type tonalitic affinity and is located very close to the tie-line between the average melts produced in water-saturated systems and the average composition of the residual orthopyroxene + plagioclase. This therefore suggests that the lecosome in pelitic granulite was formed by incipient anatexis at close to the highest P–T condition of the Main Zone.
The age of the crustal anatexis is determined by the Rb-Sr whole rock isochron method for garnet-cordierite-biotite gneiss (host rock), garnet-orthopyroxene-cordierite gneiss (restite) and S-type tonalite (melt). This gives an age of 56.0 Ma with an initial87 Sr/86 Sr ratio of 0.705711. The S-type tonalite magmas that form large intrusive masses in the Main Zone were probably generated by crustal anatexis in deeper parts of the crust at the same time (late Palaeocene). 相似文献
To test whether the leucosome was derived by partial melting of the surrounding pelite, melting experiments of the pelitic granulite were carried out for water-saturated and dry systems at 7 kbar and 850°C. The chemical composition of the leucosome produced during these runs shows a peraluminous S-type tonalitic affinity and is located very close to the tie-line between the average melts produced in water-saturated systems and the average composition of the residual orthopyroxene + plagioclase. This therefore suggests that the lecosome in pelitic granulite was formed by incipient anatexis at close to the highest P–T condition of the Main Zone.
The age of the crustal anatexis is determined by the Rb-Sr whole rock isochron method for garnet-cordierite-biotite gneiss (host rock), garnet-orthopyroxene-cordierite gneiss (restite) and S-type tonalite (melt). This gives an age of 56.0 Ma with an initial
10.
中国斑岩铜矿与埃达克(质)岩关系探讨 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14
对比研究了中国26个主要斑岩铜矿的地球化学特征和年代学,结果表明其中25个矿床与埃达克(质)岩有成因联系,且多数与玄武质下地壳熔融形成的埃达克岩(C型)有关,现有数据表明土屋-延东和普朗斑岩铜矿可能与俯冲板片熔融形成的埃达克岩(O型)有关。容矿斑岩的初始锶值为0.7034～0.7090,均大于洋中脊玄武岩和亏损地幔的初始锶值,多数与EMI的初始锶值接近,推测其源区或源岩主要为玄武质下地壳,少数为洋中脊玄武岩,并受到中、上地壳不同程度的混染,这与两类埃达克岩的源区基本一致。虽然埃达克质岩浆具有形成斑岩铜矿的巨大潜力,但并非所有埃达克岩都能成矿,不同岩体需具体分析。 相似文献
11.
A. I. Efimov I. V. Chashei L. N. Samoznaev V. E. Andreev M. K. Bird P. Edenhofer D. Plettemeier R. Wohlmuth 《Astronomy Reports》2002,46(7):579-590
Radio sounding experiments on of the solar plasma were carried out by the GALILEO spacecraft using S-band (2295 MHz) signals in 1995–1996 a period of minimum solar activity. Equatorial regions at heliocentric distances of 7–80 solar radii were studied. The frequency of the received signal was detected by three ground stations. By carrying out continuous observations of unprecedented duration and processing the data using spectral and correlation methods, we have obtained reliable information on large-scale inhomogeneities of the solar-wind density for the first time. The outer turbulence scale increases with heliocentric distance, the dependence being close to linear. We estimate the outer turbulence scale and analyze its dependence on distance from the Sun and local plasma parameters for a model in which the outer scale is formed due to competition between the linear amplification of Alfven waves in the irregular, moving solar-wind plasma and the nonlinear transfer of turbulent energy to higher frequencies. A comparison of predictions for various specific cases of this model with the observational data suggests that the main nonlinear processes responsible for the formation of the inertial range of the spectrum on the investigated scales are three-wave decay processes involving Alfven and magnetoacoustic waves. 相似文献
12.
薛家湾开源路高路堑边坡工程稳定性的三维有限元分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对准格尔旗薛家湾镇开源路高边坡欠稳工程,采用MIDAS/GTS有限元软件对其施工过程及边坡稳定性进行了三维数值模拟,得到了不同工况下的变形及支护完成后的安全系数,并与实际工程现场所测变形结果作了比较分析。结果表明,三维FEM计算结果与工程实际变形较为相似,其结果对类似高路堑边坡的设计及加固有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
13.
铜陵鸡冠山硫铁矿废矿堆积区的重金属分布与磁化率变化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
应用ICP-AES、EMPA和矿物磁测,对铜陵市鸡冠山硫铁矿废矿堆积区的废矿及周围进行系统分析.发现不同堆放时间的废矿样品中重金属含量的变化规律不同,在堆放时间为10年和6年的剖面(分别为XO、XM剖面)呈现富集-淋滤-富集的变化模式,而在堆放时间<3年的剖面(XN剖面)呈现富集-淋滤的变化模式.结合重金属迁移的特性,证明重金属对周边的生态环境存在着潜在的危害性.同时还分析了风化程度不同的XO、XM、XN剖面样品中磁化率与重金属的关系,证实两者之间存在较好的相关性.磁化率是重金属含量变化的一个有效指数,它的研究为重金属污染研究提供了一个新的方法. 相似文献
14.
Fabien Magri Ulf Bayer Maja Tesmer Peter Möller Asaf Pekdeger 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2008,97(5):1075-1085
The occurrence of salty waters close to the surface is a well-known problem in the North East German Basin. Previous numerical
simulations showed that near-surface brine occurrences are due to the interaction of hydrostatic and thermally induced forces
(mixed convection). The influence of hydraulic permeabilities and thermal conductivities on the observed patterns remained
an open question. Based on a hydro-geochemical dataset, thermohaline simulations are carried out in order to quantify the
impact of these physical parameters on brine migration. The results indicate that the salinity and temperature profiles are
strongly controlled by hydraulic permeabilities and can locally be influenced by thermal conductivities. 相似文献
15.
I. S. Savanov 《Astronomy Reports》2010,54(12):1125-1133
We use continuous 156-day COROT photometric observations of the F dwarf HD 181906 to analyze temperature inhomogeneities on
the stellar surface and follow their evolution. The analysis used the iPH code, which solves for the temperature inhomogeneities
in a two-temperature approximation without any assumptions about the shape or number of spots on the surface. For the first
time in studies of active regions and active longitudes, we find that the phases of the active longitudes on the surface of
HD 181906 are concentrated close to two systems of active longitudes. In each system, the active longitudes are separated
by 180°, with the shift between the systems being 100°. During the observing period, switches between the systems of active
longitudes occurred quasi-periodicly on a time scale of 30–35 day about two-thirds of the time, while these switches occurred
less frequently about one-third of the time. The positions of active regions switched either every 20–25 day or every 40–45
day. The periodicity of brightness and amplitude variations is of the order of 110 day. Variations in the spot coverage and
changes in the active longitudes have shorter time scales (about 55–75 day). All these parameters are variable on time scales
of 25–38 day. A wavelet analysis of the periodicity of the brightness variations indicates that all the above processes are
quasi-periodic; activity on all time scales became less pronounced in the last third of the observing period. 相似文献
16.
The shallow terrestrial Coal Measures strata of North East England have been faulted and tectonised by geological events (orogenies), and are divided by faulting and the River Tyne valley into the Northumberl and and Durham coalfields. The type of faulting is almost exclusively normal faulting, with close spacings and complex geometries being prevalent. These coalfields are generally overlain by glacial deposits. Surface coal mining, as a mechanised operation, has been carried out in this region for about the last 60 years. The earliest workings were on a relatively small scale, and faulting and geologically complex ground was avoided as far as possible; but with time, the introduction of progressively larger excavation plant has led to ever larger and deeper surface mines, and working in faulted ground has become commonplace. Detailed ground investigations by drilling and geophysical logging are carried out to prove the geological structure. The gradient of bedding dips usually determines whether the coal should be mined by opencast dip or strike cuts, or by open-pit working, but the choice of excavation face alignments with respect to faulting can be critical. Faces aligned near parallel with faults tend to suffer failures, whereas faces aligned near perpendicular to faults tend to be stable. The types of slope instabilities which are associated with normal faulting comprise planar failures (including bi-planar and multi-planar), toppling failures, tetrahedral wedge failures and complex endwall failures. Endwalls formed against faults are especially likely to become unstable, and can become very problematic if located close to mining area boundaries where important natural or infrastructure features may exist. Several case studies are included to illustrate these points. 相似文献
17.
Maksim Bano Olivier Loeffler Jean-François Girard 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2009,341(10-11):846-858
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a non-destructive method which, over the past 10 years, has been successfully used not only to estimate the water content of soil, but also to detect and monitor the infiltration of pollutants on sites contaminated by light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPL). We represented a model water table aquifer (72 cm depth) by injecting water into a sandbox that also contains several buried objects. The GPR measurements were carried out with shielded antennae of 900 and 1200 MHz, respectively, for common mid point (CMP) and constant offset (CO) profiles. We extended the work reported by Loeffler and Bano by injecting 100 L of diesel fuel (LNAPL) from the top of the sandbox. We used the same acquisition procedure and the same profile configuration as before fuel injection. The GPR data acquired on the polluted sand did not show any clear reflections from the plume pollution; nevertheless, travel times are very strongly affected by the presence of the fuel and the main changes are on the velocity anomalies. We can notice that the reflection from the bottom of the sandbox, which is recorded at a constant time when no fuel is present, is deformed by the pollution. The area close to the fuel injection point is characterized by a higher velocity than the area situated further away. The area farther away from the injection point shows a low velocity anomaly which indicates an increase in travel time. It seems that pore water has been replaced by fuel as a result of a lateral flow. We also use finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical GPR modelling in combination with dielectric property mixing models to estimate the volume and the physical characteristics of the contaminated sand. 相似文献
18.
在证明了采用误差均方差最小意义下,多传感器数据融合的效果优于利用任一单个传感器进行估计的效果,采用决策级融合方法,将其应用于某坝9坝段地下水宏观动态分析。经分析知：该坝段在2003～2004年为地下水宏观动态的相对突变时期,自2004年以后,坝基地下水宏观动态与库水之间的相关程度又趋于相对的稳定时期,表明该坝段坝基帷幕体的防渗性能至少出现了局部的衰减、且具有阶段性变化的特点;就分析时段而言,2003～2004年间为帷幕体防渗性能明显衰减时期,而2004年以后为其相对稳定时期。 相似文献
19.
A semi‐analytical approach is developed for modeling 3D heat transfer in sparsely fractured rocks with prescribed water flow and heat source. The governing differential equations are formulated, and the corresponding integral equations over the fracture faces and the distributed heat source are established in the Laplace transformed domain using the Green function method with local systems of coordinates. The algebraic equations of the Laplace transformed temperatures of water in the fractures are formed by dividing the integrals into elemental ones; in particular, the fracture faces are discretized into rectangular elements, over which the integrations are carried out either analytically for singular integrals when the base point is involved or numerically for regular integrals when otherwise. The solutions of the algebraic equations are inverted numerically to obtain the real‐time temperatures of water in the fractures, which may be employed to calculate the temperatures at prescribed locations of the rock matrix. Three example calculations are presented to illustrate the workability of the developed approach. The calculations found that water flux in the fractures may decrease the rate of temperature rise in regions close to the distributed heat source and increase the rate of temperature rise in regions downstream away from the distributed heat source and that the temperature distribution and evolvement in a sparsely fractured rock mass may be significantly influenced by water flow exchange at intersection of fractures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
岩石变形破坏过程中渗透率演化规律的试验研究 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：7
利用伺服试验机对灰岩和砂岩进行了应力应变全过程渗透性试验,研究了岩样变形和破坏过程中的轴向应变与渗透率之间的关系,分析了岩样环向应变对渗透率的影响规律,探讨了岩样变形破坏前后渗透压差随时间的变化关系。结果表明,岩样渗透率与应力状态密切相关,渗透率的峰值滞后或超前于应力应变峰值,这与岩石介质本身的特性有关;渗透率-环向应变曲线与渗透率-轴向应变曲线有相同的变化趋势,但岩石环向变形比轴向变形更能灵敏地反映渗透率的演化规律;岩样变形破坏峰值前后的渗透压差与时间均遵循负指数关系。最后对岩石变形破坏过程中的渗透机理作了讨论。 相似文献