共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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地脉动台阵观测作为一种低成本的剪切波速度构造探测方法,预计将在中国地震灾害预防中起到重要作用。为了研究地脉动台阵观测中长周期信号的特征以及中国长周期地脉动的特点和适用性,开展了中国从沿海到内陆地区地脉动信号的观测和分析,探查由沿海到内陆地区地脉动的变化规律以及内陆地区广域的地脉动特征,发展适合于我国内陆地区的基于地脉动的地下构造勘探方法,在中国大陆上海市、西安市、天水市及兰州市进行了长周期地脉动观测。现场试验结果表明,上海地脉动特征与日本关东平原地区的观测结果类似,可以认为在海岸地区深部结构调查的地脉动台阵观测有良好的适用性。然而,西安、兰州、天水长周期地脉动能量只有上海的千分之一,因此需要进一步研究更加灵敏的仪器性能和更加稳定的观测方法。 相似文献
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研究了稳态水平剪切（SH）波作用下含有圆柱形孔洞的各向异性弹性半空间的动力响应问题,探讨介质的各向异性对孔附近动应力的影响规律。运用复变函数和多极坐标方法在变换空间中构造出各向异性弹性半空间中圆孔的散射波函数,所构造的散射波函数能够自动满足半空间水平表面上应力自由的边界条件和无穷远处的Sommerfeld辐射条件。根据圆孔表面应力自由的边界条件,采用最小二乘法求解所构造的散射波函数的系数。分析了SH波以不同角度自弹性半空间内入射时,不同介质特性、入射波数和埋深对圆孔附近动应力集中系数的影响。数值结果表明,各向异性弹性半空间中孔附近的动应力比各向同性情况有明显增高。 相似文献
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采用有限元离散模型、黏弹性人工边界和中心差分积分格式相结合的方法,开展三维凹陷地形场地地震反应计算,分析了P波和SV波入射下均匀弹性半空间三维棱锥形凹陷、半球凹陷和棱柱形凹陷地形场地对场地地震动的影响特征与差异。研究表明：（1）不同形状的凹陷地形对场地地震动的影响差异显著,即棱柱凹陷地形>半球凹陷地形>棱锥凹陷地形,但不同形状凹陷地形影响之间的差异更多地表现在中频范围内;（2）凹陷地形对地震波具有复杂的散射作用,无论是垂直入射的P波还是垂直入射的SV波（仅竖向或水平向地震动输入）,在凹陷区及附近均能产生两个方向很显著的地震动,且在SV波垂直入射下的凹陷散射更为强烈,其产生的竖向地震动幅值甚至超过水平向的;（3）凹陷地形可能会产生地震动的地形边缘效应,棱柱形凹陷边缘处地震动被显著地放大,而半球凹陷地形、棱锥形凹陷地形中这一效应相对较弱。研究揭示了凹陷边缘陡峭程度对场地地震动有显著的影响,而且凹陷地形边缘效应可能存在并与凹陷边缘陡峭程度密切相关。这一研究结果对实际工程问题分析给出了重要提示：建立凹陷地形的简化分析模型时需要特别关注凹陷边缘部位的合理处理。研究结果可应用于山区工程... 相似文献
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基于无黏性可压缩理想流体介质波动理论和Biot流体饱和多孔介质波动理论,考虑水下饱和土的流固耦合,借助Hankel函数积分变换法(HFITM)给出入射平面P1波在海底洞室周围散射问题的解析解。相比传统研究中的"大圆弧假定",Hankel函数积分变换法可以较好地处理半空间表面边界条件。利用该解析解,计算分析了洞室表面透水条件、入射角度、入射频率、海水水深和饱和土的孔隙率等因素对水-土交界面处水平位移、竖向位移和洞室表面动水压力、环周总应力的影响。结果表明:洞室表面透水条件对水-土交界面处水平位移和竖向位移影响较小;随着斜入射角的增加,水-土交界面处竖向位移减小;随着入射频率的增加,水-土交界面处水平位移随之增加;海水水深为2.5倍SV波的波长时,水-土交界面处水平位移及洞室表面动水压力最大值最大;随着孔隙率的增加,水-土交界面处水平位移、竖向位移和洞室表面环周总应力减小,而洞室表面动水压力随之增加。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2017,(2)
将切比雪夫谱元模型应用于成层场地的一维波动分析,发展了一种具有高阶数值格式的场地地震反应时域分析方法。通过谱单元离散基岩和覆盖土体,建立各个单元的波动方程,并在基岩内设置透射人工边界,模拟底部无限域对内域波动的影响;利用切比雪夫正交多项式构造高阶单元位移模式,得到空间离散后的场地节点运动方程;利用中心差分原理,结合人工边界的数值格式,推导了一种稳定的时域积分数值方案。最后通过2个算例阐释了该方法在场地地震反应分析中的应用,并与传统方法进行了对比分析。数值试验表明,该方法具有高精度特性,在使用较少节点的条件下仍能得到较为可靠的计算结果,可显著地提高场地地震反应分析的计算效率。 相似文献
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合理描述土体动力本构关系对场地设计地震动参数取值的准确性有显著影响。以苏州城区200 m深的钻孔剖面为研究对象,对比分析了一维等效线性波传分析法（ELA法）和基于修正Matasovic本构模型的多自由度集中质量非线性分析法（NLA法）给出的深厚场地地震反应,研究了基岩输入地震动特性和地震基岩面的选取对深厚场地地震反应的影响。结果表明：（1）随基岩地震动强度（PGA）的增大,ELA法给出的地表PGA呈单调递增的特征,而NLA法给出的地表PGA呈先快速增大后缓慢减小或几乎不变的趋势;（2）ELA法和NLA法给出的地表加速度反应谱（Sa谱）在短周期范围内存在明显差异,ELA法对基岩高频地震动具有显著的滤波效应,而NLA法对基岩高频地震动的影响表现为随基岩PGA的增大先放大后减小的特征;（3）随地震基岩面深度的增大,地表Sa谱的谱值呈现出稍许增大的趋势,但对周期T<0.1 s部分,NLA法给出的地表Sa谱的谱值则呈现出稍许减小的现象;（4）中、大震作用下,地表地震动持时不仅与基岩地震动特性有关,还与地震反应分析方法和地震基岩面的选取密切相关,NLA法能更合理地反映基岩地震动强度和上覆土层厚度对地表地震动持时的影响。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2017,(8):2411-2424
基于Biot的两相介质理论,采用间接边界积分方程法,求解了Rayleigh波在饱和半空间中圆形洞室周围的二维散射问题,分析了入射波频率、孔隙率、边界渗透条件和洞室埋深等参数对地表位移幅值、洞室表面和地表孔隙水压力的影响。研究结果表明,由于圆形洞室的存在,饱和半空间地表位移幅值和地表孔隙水压被明显放大:在透水条件下,水平和竖向位移最大值分别比自由场放大了10.1倍和11.2倍;在不透水条件下,水平和竖向位移最大值分别比自由场放大了12.0倍和9.6倍,地表孔隙水压力放大了2.1~3.0倍。地表位移和孔隙水压力最大值均出现在入射波近端洞室边界附近。随着Rayleigh波入射频率的增大和洞室埋深的增加,地表位移幅值的放大作用有所减小。在相同孔隙率条件下,当入射频率为1.0时,洞室表面孔隙水压力最大;当入射频率为2.0时,洞室表面孔隙水压力最小,洞室表面最大孔隙水压力出现在洞室顶部。 相似文献
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圆弧形沉积谷地对平面P波的三维散射解析解 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用大圆弧面来模拟半空间表面,利用波函数展开法在频域内给出了圆弧形沉积谷地形对平面P波三维散射的一个解析解,并以此解答为基础,进一步分析了入射波频率和入射角度对圆弧形沉积谷地场地反应的影响。数值结果表明,入射波的频率和入射角度对圆弧形沉积谷地场地反应有重要影响。 相似文献
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2008年汶川MS8.0强震中频繁出现断层穿越的地震滑坡,除发震断层的地震特性外,其自身场地效应也会影响斜坡动力响应,甚至加剧斜坡失稳。本文以汶川极震区绵竹九龙镇山前斜坡为典型实例,根据余震作用下斜坡不同高程实测地震记录及地脉动测试结果,通过单点谱比法(H/V),获得斜坡地震动加速度随高程的放大系数和地脉动的频谱特征曲线,通过曲线对比分析发现: 1)斜坡两次典型余震PGA放大系数随高程先减小后增大,呈明显的凹形特征,凹形部位位于断层位置,其PGA放大系数约为斜坡底部测点0.4~1.0,坡顶测点的PGA放大系数则达到1.0~2.0倍。由于PGA放大系数是在断层位置出现的明显拐点,从地质上表明了断层场地效应明显; (2)各点NS/UD谱比普遍大于EW/UD谱比。断裂区域卓越频率为低频1Hz,小于其他测点的频率,对应谱比最大值高达3.0~4.0,高于其他测点谱比最大值。说明地表破裂处岩土体松散破碎,导致断层处的卓越频率较低,近场余震传播过来的高频地震波被断层隔断,地震加速度放大系数在该处发生了衰减,场地效应显著。本研究有助于增强断层场地对斜坡动力响应影响的认识。 相似文献
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This paper presents an investigation into various factors that may affect the ground response to multi-directional earthquake loading, focusing mainly on the behavior of vertical ground motion and its relation with the horizontal counterpart. The factors investigated herein include the intensity of input motion and the associated soil nonlinearity, the location of input motion (rock outcrop versus bedrock), the variation of water table, and the damping property of soil. Influence of these factors is studied on the characteristics of site amplification in both vertical and horizontal directions, the response spectra of vertical and horizontal ground surface motions, the spectral ratio between the two components (V/H) at the ground surface, and the distributions of stresses and strains in the ground. One of the main results is that varying water table can bring about a significant impact on vertical motion and the relationship between vertical and horizontal motions. The surface response spectral ratio (V/H) can largely exceed the rule-of-thumb value of 2/3 at low periods with lowering the water table, but does not appear to be substantially affected at long periods. 相似文献
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高密度电阻率成像法与微动谱比法探测岩溶区塌陷的地质背景——以广东省高要市蛟塘镇塱下村塌陷区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
塌陷已成为岩溶区最主要的地质灾害。本文以广东省高要市蛟塘镇塱下村岩溶塌陷区为例,结合钻探资料,应用高密度电阻率成像法与微动谱比法联合探测塌陷区背景地质结构和构造。通过区内外14个已知钻孔旁的微动测量,建立了微动特征频率与覆盖层厚度的数学关系,并应用于塌陷区覆盖层厚度的估算。高密度电阻率成像反映出岩土电阻率在水平方向和垂直方向上的变化,揭示了地下地质结构;微动谱比法揭示了探测场地的基岩起伏形态,结合地层岩性推断了古河道的存在并确定了其边界及延伸方向,与高密度电阻率成像法联合进行地质解译,推断了基岩内断层发育的空间位置、走向等特征。综合该两类物探技术探测成果和钻探资料表明,塌陷位于古河道内,并沿古河道方向发育,其方向与区域北东向构造走向方位一致。 相似文献
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The evaluation of seismic site response in the urban area of Catania was tackled by selecting test areas having peculiar lithological
and structural features, potentially favourable to large local amplifications of ground motion. The two selected areas are
located in the historical downtown and in the northern part of Catania where the presence of a fault is evident. Site response
was evaluated using spectral ratio technique taking the horizontal- to-vertical component ratio of ambient noise. Inferences
from microtremor measurements are compared with results from synthetic accelerograms and response spectra computed at all
drillings available for this area. Such method is particularly suitable in urban areas where the nature of the outcropping
geological units is masked by city growth and anthropic intervention on the surface geology. The microtremor H/V spectral
ratios evaluated at soft sites located within the downtown profile tend to be smaller than that usually reported in the literature
for such soils. A tendency for amplifications to peaks near 2 Hz is observed only in some sites located on recent alluvial
deposits. Evidences for amplifications of site effects (frequency range 4–8 Hz) were observed in the sampling sites located
on the fault, with a rapid decrease of spectral amplitude just a few tenths of metres away from the discontinuity. Numerical
simulations evidenced the importance of geolithological features at depth levels even greater than 20–30 m. Besides this,
the results strongly confirm the importance of the subsurface geological conditions, in the estimate of seismic hazard at
urban scale. 相似文献
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Avcılar is the suburb of Istanbul that was most heavily damaged during the August 17, 1999 Mw 7.4 Izmit earthquake. Strong ground motion caused fatalities and damage in Avcılar despite being 90 km from the epicenter. We deployed five portable seismograph stations equipped with Reftek 24-bit recorders and L4C-3D seismometers for 2 months, in order to understand why the local site response was different from elsewhere in Istanbul. A reference station was placed on a hard rock site, and the remaining four stations were placed on other geological units, in areas that had experienced varying levels of damage. We calculated frequency-dependent ground amplification curves by taking the ratios of the spectra at soft and hard rock sites. We obtained similar site response curves for most earthquakes at each site in the frequency range of 0.3–1.6 Hz, and observed no significant site amplification beyond 2.0 Hz at any site. The overall characteristics of the recorded S-waveforms and our modeling of the calculated site amplification curves are consistent with amplification as a result of trapping of seismic energy within a 100–150 m thick, low-velocity subsurface layer. We also review the applicability of microtremor measurements to estimate local site effects at Avcılar. For these data, we used ratios of spectra of horizontal to vertical components to obtain each site response. These results are compared with standard spectral ratios. These microtremor measurements provide consistent estimates of the amplification at most sites at the higher end of the frequency band, namely above 1 Hz. The results from both methods indeed agree well in this part of the frequency band. However, the microtremor method fails to detect amplification at lower frequencies, namely <1.0 Hz. 相似文献
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To obtain the shear wave velocity profile for engineering application to near-subsurface, many geophysical techniques are used. The dispersion curve alone is unable to provide deeper shear wave velocity information for deep soil deposit; therefore, a joint inversion of dispersion curves with the horizontal over vertical (H/V) (i.e., apparently ellipticity) curve is recommended. The H/V curve obtained from the microtremor recording contains a major part of Love wave contribution to the noise wavefield horizontal component. Due to this presence of Love wave fraction, the H/V curve does not completely replicate the ellipticity of Rayleigh wave. In this study, we try to compare the Rayleigh wave ellipticity obtained from the borehole velocity model to the H/V curve obtained at the same locality from seismic ambient noise recording. Two different techniques available for the Love effect minimization are tested and compared with the borehole ellipticity. Finally, the joint inversion of H/V and dispersion curve is made, which shows great correspondence with the previous measurement at the site. 相似文献
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I. El-Hussain A. Deif K. Al-Jabri A. M. E. Mohamed S. El-Hady Z. Al-Habsi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(6):2423-2436
Muscat region is the most important political, economic, and densely populated region in the Sultanate of Oman. The proximity of Muscat region to the Oman Mountains and Makran subduction zones controls the earthquake hazard for Muscat. Evidences indicate the occurrence of a nearby historical earthquake with moderate magnitude M S?=?5.5 in 1883. This event led to the damage of some villages near Nizwa City. The main objective of the current study is to compare the site characteristics of the region of interest in terms of the fundamental frequency using microtremors measurements with the numerical analysis results using one-dimensional (1-D) shear wave profiles. The microtremor measurements were performed at 99 sites distributed over the study region in order to calculate the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR). The numerical modeling of horizontal shear (SH) waves in soil at the selected 99 sites are assessed by carrying out 1-D ground response analysis using the program SHAKE91. The required shear wave velocity profiles for the numerical modeling of SH-waves were derived using multichannel analysis of surface waves profiles. The amplification spectra have been evaluated for the soil column at each site location and the fundamental frequency obtained using SHAKE91 and HVSR are compared. Results were found to be compatible with the general surface geology of the region of interest and in most cases the HVSR is proved to be suitable for calculating the fundamental frequency in Muscat region. 相似文献