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正地震烈度(Intensity),是一个直接关乎民生的参数。烈度调查,揭示了地表和建筑破坏的程度;烈度速报(又称震动图,ShakeMap),给出了地震动的强弱分布;烈度区划(国外称"地震危险性图",Seismic Hazard Map),为建筑的抗震设防提供了基础依据。在一大堆地震参数里,没有哪个能像它那样与老百姓的关系如此密切,有时甚至会牵动千百万人的行动。道理很明显:地震烈度反映着地震对地表破坏的最终结果(图1)。烈度就是破坏的大 相似文献
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E. I. Grigorenko V. N. Lysenko S. A. Pazyura V. I. Taran L. F. Chernogor 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2007,47(6):720-738
Results of the study of the behavior of the F 2 region and topside ionosphere during the magnetic storm on November 7–10, 2004, which was a superposition of two sequent Severe magnetic disturbances (Kp = 9–) are presented. The observations were conducted by the incoherent scatter radar at Kharkov. Considerable effects of a negative ionospheric disturbance are registered, including a decrease in the electron density in the F 2-layer maximum by a factor of 6–7 and of the total electron content up to a height of 1000 km by a factor of 2, a lifting up of the ionospheric F 2 layer by 300 km at night and by 150–180 km in the daytime, unusual nighttime heating of the plasma with an increase of the ion and electron temperatures up to 2000 and 3000 K, respectively, and a decrease in the relative density of hydrogen ions N(H+)/N e by a factor of up to 3.5 because of the emptying of the magnetic flux tube passing over Kharkov. The effects usually observed in the high-latitude ionosphere, including the coherent echoes, are detected during the main phase of the storm. The results obtained manifest a shift of the large-scale structures of the high-latitude ionosphere (the auroral oval, main ionospheric trough, hot zone, etc.) down to latitudes close to the latitude of the Kharkov radar. 相似文献
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This paper presents the results of studies of wave disturbances in the electron concentration N in the ionosphere during a prominent geospace storm, in the process of which the electron concentration decreased by a factor
of 6–7, whereas the temperatures of ions and electrons at night increased up to 2000 and 3000 K, respectively. The height-time
variations in the parameters of wave disturbances are also analyzed. It is shown that the geospace storm was accompanied by
a substantial change in wave activity in the ionosphere. In the period of negative ionospheric storms, the amplitude Δ
N
decreased by a factor of 2–10. At the same time, the relative amplitude δ
N
= ΔN/N changed insignificantly and was within the limits 0.05–0.10 during day-time. At night, δ
N
reached 0.25–0.30 and sometimes even 0.4–0.5. During both disturbed and undisturbed days, quasi-periodic processes with a
period of 40–60 and 80–120 min prevailed. The maximum values of the absolute and relative amplitudes were achieved at a height
of 200–270 km. A soliton-like disturbance formed near the main phase of the magnetic storm on November 10, 2004 was detected.
Its appearance was related to the oblique coherent reflection of sounding signals. 相似文献
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A chaotic analysis on air pollution index change over past 10?years in Lanzhou, northwest China 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0
Bo Yu Chengmin Huang Zuhan Liu Haipeng Wang Lili Wang 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2011,25(5):643-653
In terms of the chaos theory, the phase-space-reconstruction method has been employed to describe the multi-dimensional phase
space for the time series of air pollution index (API) during the past 10 years in Lanzhou, northwest China. The mutual information
and Cao method were used to determine the reconstruction parameters, and the characteristic quantities including the Lyapunov
exponent and the correlation dimension were calculated respectively. As a result, the correlation dimensions were fractioned,
and the maximum Lyapunov exponent (λ
1) > 0. It shows that these presented the obvious chaotic characteristics that resulted from the evolution of non-linear chaotic
dynamic system in the time series of air pollution index over the past 10 years. In the meanwhile, three or even four main
dynamic variables were discussed here that could effectively interpret the changes of air pollution index time series and
their causes. Some reasonable preventive countermeasures were thus put forward. These findings might provide a scientific
basis for probing further into the regional complexity and evolution of the time series of air pollution index. 相似文献
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The results of a spherical harmonic analysis and a sector spherical harmonic analysis of the solar magnetic field on the photosphere, source surface, and in the Earth’s orbit on July 10–20, 2004, were compared. It was found that the field values according to a sector harmonic analysis are an order of magnitude as large as the same values according to a spherical harmonic analysis and differ in the configuration. A twocomponent magnetic field structure was revealed: short-range sources are better described by a sector spherical harmonic analysis; long-range sources are better described by a spherical harmonic analysis. This is caused by the different depths of the occurrence of sources below the photosphere. 相似文献
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<正>2004年12月26日,印度洋海啸导致25万人丧生,500万人需要紧急援助,180万居民无家可归。这场自然灾害给广大地区带来了毁灭性灾难,以及随之而来的悲痛和焦虑,特别是对印尼、泰国和斯里兰卡的影响超出了想象,而这主要是由于当时缺少对整个印度洋地区的预警设备和灾难管理计划。灾难过后,德国和国际社会立即表示支持。在德国洪涝灾民援助框架下,德国联邦 相似文献
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笔者从大区强震活动的整体性观点出发，对如何应用一些重要的地震活动性特点于地震预报之中的一些研究进展，应用体会作了简短回顾。 相似文献
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国际地磁与超高层大气物理学协会（IAGA）于2004年12月12日发表了第10代国际地磁参考场（IGRF）。这是对地球主磁场标准数学描述的最新版本，在对地球深部、地壳、电离层及磁层的研究中有广泛应用。国际地磁参考场系数由国际地磁与超高层大气物理学协会的一个特别工作组最终确定下来。国际地磁参考场是地磁场模型工作者和全世界从事卫星及台站地磁观测数据收集和发布的单位共同努力的结果。 相似文献
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总结回顾了江苏二十多年来的防震减灾工作,分析了当前搞好防震减灾工作的形势,从７个方面阐述了要抓住机遇,依法行政提高全省防震减灾工作水平的有关问题。 相似文献
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数字电子水准仪DiNi10性能实测分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对蔡司公司的ＤｉＮｉ１０数字电子水准仪,通过主要指标测试、条件试验和６６ｋｍ的实际外业测量,特别是与精密自平水准仪Ｎｉ００２的４０ｋｍ同桩平行测量试验,论述了此种仪器的性能及其作业规律和特点。结果表明该仪器可用于一等水准测量和精密地形变监测。指出了该仪器的不足之处。 相似文献
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本文概述了1985年9月23—27日在西班牙马德里召开的第10届固体潮国际学术讨论会的情况,参加会议的包括东道国西班牙,以及联邦德国、比利时、英国、中国、美国等22个国家的代表共140余人,其中中国代表13人,有11人在会上分别作了报告。本文的内容包括:会议的一般概况;参加会议的中国代表情况;学术讨论会内容简述以及本届讨论会的决议全文。前届会议主席、国际固体潮中心(ICET)常务委员会主席郭宗汾教授的开幕词及 IUGG 秘书长、ICET 常务委员会秘书长梅尔基奥尔(P.Melchior)教授的 ICET 工作报告在本期另文作了摘译。 相似文献