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冰穹A(DomeA)是南极冰盖最高区域,其独特的地理位置和蕴藏的科学资源受到国际科学界的普遍关注,近年来成为国际南极科学考察研究的重要前沿区域。中国第24次南极考察(CHINARE24,2007/2008年度)继续开展DomeA地区考察活动,具体执行内陆建站选址任务和国际极地年中国行动计划--PANDA计划。本次内陆冰盖队在到达DomeA后,在DomeA核心区域以及中山站-DomeA断面上开展了多学科系统性的科考工作,取得了以"南极DomeA科学考察"、"内陆建站选址"和"中国南极内陆考察支撑能力建设"为代表的新进展,提升了我国南极内陆考察的支撑保障能力和科学认知水平。 相似文献
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运用质谱技术 ,测定了南极中山站至 Dome A剖面 1 998/1 999年度表面雪样氧同位素组成。结果表明 ,表面雪样氧同位素组成变化范围相当大 (- 2 2 .5 1‰ - - 5 0 .6 7‰ ) ,且具有随距中山站距离逐渐增大、海拔高度逐渐增加而逐渐减小的趋势。线性回归分析显示表面雪样氧同位素组成与距中山站距离、海拔高度和纬度存在着很好的相关性 ,这实际上反映出稳定同位素组成和温度之间的密切联系 相似文献
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中山站至DomeA冰川学考察断面是国际ITASE计划的核心断面之一。首次利用GIS开展了该断面的数据处理与信息提取 ,采样点的布设与管理。介绍了ADD数字地图拼接与裁剪 ,野外数据和BEDMAP数据地理坐标投影变换的方法。利用ArcView内插等高线方法对GPS导航仪高程数据进行了校正。沿考察路线提取了BEDMAP的冰下基岩高程和冰厚度数据 ,以及冰盖表面的坡度与坡向数据。指出应进一步开展该断面以及兰伯特冰川盆地GIS应用研究。 相似文献
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为了给中国南极野外考察队提供DEM卫星影像图,在2002/2003年南极度夏期间,中国第19次南极考察队的大地测量工作者,在东南极Grove山地区,进行了地面控制测量。在覆盖面积达8000km~2的2000多米高的内陆冰盖高原区,在直升机和雪地车的支持下,利用Trim- ble4000ssi GPS接收机,与中山站GPS跟踪站联测,测量了7个GPS控制点,并埋设了永久性测量标志。数据处理采用GAMIT/GLOBK软件解算,获得了较好的定位精度,能够满足该地区制图所需。 相似文献
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The Grove Mountains are located in Princess Elizabeth Land,East Antarctica,ext ending from 72° to 73°S latitude and 73° to 76°E longitude,covering approxi mately 8000 km～2 areas.During the 2002/2003 austral summer season,the 19th CH INARE(Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition)carried out the third expedition in Grove Mountains,East Antarctica.The Geodetic network was establ ished,which can provide ground control for the satellite image map for the mult i-discipline expedition in the Grove Mountains where seven permanent GPS benchm a rks were set up supported by the helicopter and snow vehicles.All GPS sites bes ides Z001 were observed at least for one hour using the dual frequencies Trimble 4000ssi GPS receivers.The data were processed by the comprehensive GPS analysi s package—GAMIT/GLOBK and the precision is good enough to satisfy with the acqu irement of satellite mapping in this area. 相似文献
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ShengKai Zhang DongChen E Fei Li JiFeng Huang YuanSheng Li ZeMin Wang XiaoHong Zhang 《寒旱区科学》2010,2(3):0198-0202
Tidal motion is the source of short-term vertical motion that an ice shelf experiences, and hence has a significant impact on ice shelves. During the 2003/2004 Austral summer season, five days of GPS measurements were carried out on the front of the Amery Ice Shelf （AIS）, East Antarctica, by the 20th Chinese National Antarctica Research Expedition （CHINARE）. The GPS data was processed using GAMIT/GLOBK software with 2-hour static data segment and the vertical precision is less than 0.18 m. To verify our results for the vertical component, we compare the ice shelf GPS tidal signal with a tidal result derived from tide gauge measurements at China＇s Zhongshan Station on Antarctica. Comparison of the GPS results with the tide gauge were in good agreement in amplitude at the few cm level, which indicates that the tide under the front of Amery Ice Shelf is irregular semidiurnal tide, the maximal tidal differences is approximately 2 m. GPS data can be used to validate the ocean tide model around the Antarctic area and such studies are important to improve our knowledge of the Antarctic ice shelf mass balance and dynamical models of ice sheet/ocean interaction. 相似文献
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A preliminary application GIS in glaciological research along the traverse route from Zhongshan Station to Dome A, Antarctica 
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下载免费PDF全文 GIS is applied in glaciological research along the traverse route from Zhongshan Station to Dome A, one of the key routes in ITASE project, to display, process, manage and analyze the data obtained mainly by the 3rd Chinese Inland Expedition, together with Antarctic databases provided by ADD and BEDMAP project. The ways of ADD data merging and clipping, and coordinate projection transformation of field data and BEDMAP data are introduced. Elevation data derived by GPS navigator are corrected using ADD and ArcView's contour interpolation. Sub ice topography and ice thickness along the route are extracted from BEDMAP database. Slope and aspect data are derived at each positioning station. GIS is a convenient and useful tool for us to record, query and display a variety of data in detail along the traverse route. 相似文献
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自第4个国际极地年2007/2008开始至2013年,中国南极内陆冰盖科考队相继在自南极大陆边缘的中山站至东南极地形最高点昆仑站(Dome A)一线进行了低温甚宽频地震观测。本文对7个天然地震台站数据进行了分析,提取了这些台站的S波接收函数,据此反演获得了这些台站下的地壳厚度分布。结果显示:随着纬度的升高,地壳厚度由大陆边缘的中山站下的约38 km逐渐增加至CHNB台下的58 km,随后又于CHNA台站下方减薄至47 km,然后快速增大到南极地形最高点昆仑站(Dome A)下的62 km。昆仑站或Dome A是南极大陆地壳最厚的地方。从中山站至昆仑站之间地壳厚度的变化与冰下地貌变化存在明显的相关性,它们都说明了从中山站至CHNB之间地壳构造相对均匀。在距昆仑站约200 km的CHNA台下的地壳厚度(约47 km)明显比临近台站地壳偏薄,这可能说明了甘伯采夫山脉地壳侧向变化较大,即其形成时所遭受的构造作用较复杂。 相似文献
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在１９８９／１９９０年度南极夏季，对中山站附近麦氏贼鸥雏鸟的生长进行了观察和研究。本区麦氏贼鸥育雏期大约在每年１２月中旬至翌年２月下旬，雏鸟的成活率较低，本年度为３８．９％，从出雏到育成（首飞日），育期平均５３．２天（范围５２－５５天）。雏鸟平均体重日增长率，第一雏鸟为２７．４２ｇ／ｄ，第二雏鸟为１６．５６ｇ／ｄ。雏鸟生长的逻辑斯蒂克曲线数学方程式为：Ｗ＝１２５５．４１＋２２．６０３４ｅ－０．１５１８ｔ（第一雏鸟）生长曲线渐近线为１２５５．４ｇ，拐点为２０．５ｄ，第一雏鸟体重的最大日增率ｘ＝４３．９４±８．２４（ｇ）。影响本区麦氏贼鸥雏鸟生长和成活率的主要外部因子是天气（如暴风雪）同类自残以及食物等 相似文献
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Digital photogrammetry and kinematic GPS applied to the monitoring of Vulcano Island, Aeolian Arc, Italy 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Digital photogrammetry and kinematic global positioning system (GPS) techniques are investigated and compared over a volcanic area as operational approaches to map the topography and monitor surface displacements. The use of terrestrial and airborne GPS to support the photogrammetric survey allowed for operational and processing time reduction without loss of accuracy. A digital elevation model (DEM) is obtained from the processing of the high-resolution digital imagery survey, which provides detailed information over a large area. The internal accuracy of the derived DEM has been verified by the comparison of two sets of data obtained from imagery acquired in different epochs; the observed root-mean-square error of residuals ranges from a few centimetres to 15 cm depending on the morphological features. Kinematic and pseudo-kinematic GPS surveys are performed to derive accurate 3-D coordinates at monumented benchmarks and accurate elevation profiles along footpaths. The average repeatability of the GPS measurements on benchmarks is 1 cm for measurement durations of 2–3 min. The standard deviation of interpolated vertical coordinates obtained at the crossings of kinematic GPS profiles is 4.3 cm. The high quality of these GPS coordinates justifies their use also for the validation of the photogrammetric DEM. A comparison of 6000 common points provides a standard deviation of residuals of 18 cm. The results show that the deformation pattern of a volcanic area can be rapidly and accurately monitored even in the absence of geodetic benchmarks. The integration of aerial photogrammetry with GPS kinematic surveys may be considered as an optimal approach for deriving high-resolution mapping products to be used in support of studies of volcanic dynamics. 相似文献
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本文利用中国第25次南极科学考察期间获取的现场观测数据研究了东南印度洋（弗里曼特尔至中山站间）海洋锋面附近的低空大气风场以及温度场垂向分布特征。结果表明：弗里曼特尔港至中山站之间的亚南极锋锋面暖水侧与冷水侧风速垂向分布结构不同,锋面暖水侧风速垂向梯度小,风速梯度最大值出现在500m高度附近,而锋面冷水侧低空风速梯度最大值出现在150m高度附近,揭示了中纬度海气相互作用机制在东南印度洋海洋锋面附近起重要作用。同时,本文还发现了亚南极锋锋面上空存在支一强的低空纬向急流,急流中心位于300m高度处;极锋上空低空风速强而高空风速弱。 相似文献
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《Polar Science》2008,2(3):223-235
In the 44th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-44) during 2003 to 2004, four unmanned magnetometers were deployed in Antarctica to establish a observation network for studying ionospheric and magnetospheric phenomena. Three of them were set about 80 km from Syowa Station, and the fourth was set at Dome Fuji Camp, about 800 km from Syowa. Observations were carried out continuously with a maximum sampling rate of 1 Hz. The purpose of the close network around Syowa was to observe the two-dimensional distribution of the ionospheric equivalent current in a localized area within the field-of-view of the all-sky auroral imager operated at Syowa. Dome Fuji is located at the higher-latitude edge of the auroral zone, while Syowa is located in the middle of it. Auroral observations using the all-sky imager were also carried out at Dome Fuji in 2003. The simultaneous auroral and magnetic observations both at Dome Fuji and Syowa enabled us to study auroral activities in a larger area. This paper describes, the deployment and performance of the unmanned magnetometers in the JARE-44. One auroral substorm event is analyzed in detail to show the usefulness the unmanned magnetometer network. 相似文献
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中国南极新站选择在维多利亚地特拉诺瓦湾难言岛上进行建设,其气象环境状况是开展科学研究的基础工作,也是考察队员生命安全保障的基础资料。因此,通过2013年度难言岛气象站的观测资料,结合附近地区历史气象资料,对该区域气象要素特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)由于地处罗斯海与东南极冰盖交界处,难言岛年均气压为987.8 h Pa,与中山站非常接近;(2)年均温为-16.1℃,最低气温为-39.3℃,且冬季气温波动较大,标准差可达±6.0℃;(3)年均相对湿度为42.1%,年均比湿为0.6 g·kg-1且冬季比湿极低,空气非常干燥,降水量非常低;(4)盛行风向为WNW,5—7级风出现频率超过50%,但夏季风速明显低于冬季风速,一般不超过8.0 m·s~(-1),有利于中国在夏季开展工程建设和补给;(5)难言岛年总辐射量为3 342.8 MJ·m~(-2),明显低于中山站,但两站反照率非常接近。 相似文献
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南极冰盖数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)对南极环境变化和地形研究具有重要作用,利用GPS实测数据和卫星测高数据建立DEM是构建南极冰盖表面DEM的重要方法。考虑到实测GPS数据的精度较高,而卫星测高的空间分辨率占优,本文探讨综合利用这两种数据构建南极Dome A区域DEM。法国国家空间研究中心和印度空间研究组织共同研制的SARAL卫星是Envisat的后续卫星,搭载的Alti Ka雷达高度计首次采用了Ka波段,可以极大减小电离层的影响,提高测距精度和卫星数据的空间分辨率。本文首先利用中国南极第29次科学考察在Dome A区域的实测GPS数据对SARAL数据进行精度评定,然后利用实测GPS数据对SARAL测高数据进行高程修正,联合GPS数据获取得到了Dome A区域300 m分辨率的DEM。结果表明SARAL的高程精度为0.615 m,而联合GPS数据能改善DEM精度,提高到0.261 m。 相似文献
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Based on the field data acquired in the program of fast ice observation off Zhongshan Station,Prydz Bay,East Antarctica during the austral summer 2005/ 2006,physical properties evolution of fast ice during the ice ablation season is ana- lyzed in detail.Results show that the annual maximum ice thickness in 2005 occurred in later November,and then ice started to melt,and the ablation duration was 62 days;sea water under the ice became warmer synchronously;corresponding to the warming sea ice temperature,a"relative cold mid-layer"appeared in sea ice;the fast ice marginal line recoiled back to the shore observably,and the recoil distance was 20.9 km from 18 December 2005 through 14 January 2006.In addition,based on the data of sea ice thickness survey along the investigation course of MV Xuelong on December 18 of 2005,the ice thickness distribution paten in the marginal ice zone have been described:sea ice thickness increased,but the diversity of floe ice thick- ness decreased from open water to fast ice zone distinctly. 相似文献
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小型浮游动物在海洋食物网中扮演着重要的角色。2012年12月—2013年3月,利用稀释培养方法开展了南大洋及温带海域小型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食实验研究。结果表明,浮游植物的生长率为0.04—0.89 d~(–1),小型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食率为0.07—1.29 d~(–1)。浮游动物日摄食量占浮游植物现存量的6.4%—72.5%,对浮游植物初级生产力的摄食压力也较大,为14%—776.9%。尽管本实验中浮游动物的摄食率可能被高估,但在南大洋及温带海域生态系统中,小型浮游动物对浮游植物仍具有重要的调控作用。 相似文献
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利用中国第21、22次南极科学考察(2004/2005、2005/2006)对中山站附近海域固定冰物理特性系统观测的结果,特别是依据其中2005年11月下旬至2006年1月下旬的现场实测数据详细分析了中山站附近海域固定冰消融过程物理性质的变化特征。结果表明:此区域固定冰从11月下旬开始消融,融冰期为62 d;同时,融冰期冰下水体温度迅速升高;在不断增强的太阳短波辐射和海洋热通量作用下,海冰温度也逐渐上升,并出现"相对冷中间层";热力和动力外强迫作用下,2005年12月18日-2006年1月14日期间此区域固定冰边缘线后退了20.9 km;另外,2005年12月18日固定冰边缘区走航冰厚监测结果还表明,边缘区海冰厚度在向岸方向有明显的增加趋势,并且随着接近海岸海冰厚度的离散程度逐渐减小。 相似文献