共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
近年来在汾渭地区出现地裂缝101处,其空间分布62%受活断层控制,20%是区域性黄土构造节理破裂面这些弱剪切强度带的扩展,18%是重力和湿陷等非构造型地裂缝。调查中发现,汾渭盆地中地下水位、水温异常、现代小震活动与地震活动都有4年一次的周期性起伏,它们是区域构造应力不断加强的信息。地下水对区域应力活动最敏感,故最早出现异常高潮,断裂再破裂并发震要有一定过程,而震源破裂传到地表造成地裂缝又要一定时间,所以汾渭盆地地震和地裂活动高潮分别滞后地下水异常1至2年。 相似文献
2.
南秦岭早古生代碱性岩墙群的地球化学及其地质意义 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
南秦岭紫阳、岚皋一带早古生代碱性岩墙群具双峰火山岩组合特征,它们的REE模式为轻、重稀土高度分馏的右倾谱型, 原始地幔标准化蛛网图表现为不相容元素富集, Ba, Nb相对富集成峰, Pb, Sr相对亏损成谷. Ta/Hf > 0.3, Th/Ta < 1.6, 指示它们来自于与地幔柱活动密切相关的富集地幔源区. 这套碱性岩墙群的出现代表了秦岭造山带早古生代期间与深部地幔柱活动相关而引发的一次地壳伸展扩张事件, 由于地幔柱活动短暂, 这次裂谷扩张作用未能继续发展, 从而无新的洋盆打开. 相似文献
3.
本文对近年来在攀枝花-西昌（攀西）构造带所做的重力、地磁、航磁、古地磁、遥感、天然地震、大地电磁测深、地热和爆炸地震探测资料,进行了综合分析和研究,得出了该构造带的深部结构和地球物理场的特征。基于此,提出了攀西吉裂谷存在的地球物理标志,论述了该裂谷带与现代强烈活动的裂谷带和已消亡的古裂谷的差异与其“活化”的证据。本文最后提出,这是一个被动“活化”的古裂谷的论点。 相似文献
4.
雅鲁藏布江断裂带是青藏高原南部一条规模巨大的近EW向大地构造边界,其经历了长期的构造演化,一直是地学界关注的热点。已有资料大多认为青藏高原南部地区现今的构造活动以近SN向的裂谷系为主,近EW向的雅鲁藏布江断裂带仅在东构造结部位的鲁朗一带发现有全新世活动的迹象,而米林以西段的最新活动主要发生在早、中更新世。近年来,在沿该断裂带日喀则以西段的调查过程中,在昂仁错一带发现多个断层断错晚第四纪地层的剖面,显示其晚第四纪以来仍有断错地表的活动,但活动遗迹延伸较短。综合分析认为,在区域SN向裂谷的构造环境中,被裂谷系分割的近EW向雅鲁藏布江断裂带可能具次级构造调节作用,从而表现出相对较弱或局部的断错地表活动。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
浙闽裂谷带为金银铅锌铜钼金属矿床及萤石、高岭土等非金属矿床的重要成矿域,其代表性矿床有治岭头金银矿床、梅仙式块状硫化物多金属矿床、银坑斑岩型钼矿床、湖山萤石矿田、武义萤石矿田等。裂谷带活动具两个旋回,第一旋回与超大陆解体相当,始于新元古代,闭合于加里东期,代表性地层标志为中元古代地层。第二旋回始于燕山早期,止于燕山晚期,代表性地层标志为下侏罗统枫坪组地层及白垩纪断陷盆地沉积地层。第一旋回相对应区域变质、混合岩化、韧性剪切活动及岩浆岩侵位等地质作用。第二旋回相对应大规模火山喷发、岩浆侵位、断陷盆地等地质作用。第一旋回裂谷环境中,形成治岭头式金银矿和梅仙式铅锌多金属矿床的初胚或金属矿床的初始矿体;在第二旋回后期大规模火山热液的成矿作用中,使前者叠加富集,形成了巨大资源量的工业矿体,而岩体侵位形成了一系列斑岩铜矿和浙闽地区极富特色非金属矿、萤石矿成矿带。 相似文献
8.
四川马边地震地质背景浅探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
马边是川南地震活动较活跃的地区，地震活动显示出一种与四川其它地区不同的特点。马边地区地震活动具有地台区地震活动的一般规律，即地震活动与荥经一马边一盐津深大活动断裂带和上、下地壳间的滑脱面有关。该地区的6．0级以上强震与川西地区的强震活动相一致，它们受到地表活动断裂的控制；6．0级以下地震则与地表活动断裂关系不密切，呈现出一种弥散的图像，但其空间展布范围不超过荥经—马边—盐津深大活动断裂带所展布的区域。 相似文献
9.
根据《中国震例》所载1966年至1985年以来，全国Ms≥5．0的58次中强地震的《震例》研究成果，从应用的角度出发，探讨了动态跟踪预测未来中强地震活动“时”、“空”、“强”的活动规律，得出如下启示：1）利用地震的前兆总体演变过程的阶段性以探讨定量预测其“活动时段”；2）利用地震的前兆总体分布图象以探讨定量预测其“活动空间”；3）利用地震的前兆环的规模以粗略地预估其未来强震的“活动强度”。还初步探讨了利用它们的“场”、“源”演变的关联性，提出文中一些作法的物理意义之所在。 相似文献
10.
琼州海峡裂谷成因的火山活动标志 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
张虎男 《地震地磁观测与研究》1996,(4)
根据雷琼地区存在大规模火山活动以及新生界明显地由断陷的南、北侧向海峡急剧增厚的事实，结合近年来海峡地区的物探成果，论证了琼州海峡的裂谷成因，是上地幔物质上涌的结果。该地区的高热流值、高地热增温率和强震活动都说明，琼州海峡是现今仍具有一定活动性的裂谷构造。 相似文献
11.
E. P. Dubinin A. L. Grokholsky A. I. Makushkina 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2018,54(1):66-78
The geodynamical conditions allowing formation of microcontinents or blocks of continental crust that are not completely detached from the parent continent are considered. These blocks can be preserved in the form of islands emerging above sea level or exist as submerged plateaus located within the continental margins, depending on the thermomechanical conditions of continental rifting. Physical modeling has shown that formation of microcontinents or partially detached continental microblocks is constrained by the following key conditions: presence of rift segments that are offset relative to each other and are propagating toward each other; formation of oceanic crust along at least one or two rift segment; for a microcontinent, it is the presence of a hot spot, which weakens the lithospheric strength and thus facilitates the jump of the spreading axis from one rift segment to another due to which the continental microblock can become completely detached from the parent continental plate. During the evolution, microblocks undergo rotational deformations in both the horizontal and vertical planes also leading to the local jumps of the spreading axes and the formation of an asymmetric rift. 相似文献
12.
13.
《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2005,229(3-4):247-258
An important aspect of continental rifting is the progressive variation of deformation style along the rift axis during rift propagation. In regions of rift propagation, specifically transition zones from continental rifting to seafloor spreading, it has been observed that contrasting styles of deformation along the axis of rift propagation are bounded by shear zones. The focus of this numerical modeling study is to look at dynamic processes near the tip of a weak zone in continental lithosphere. More specifically, this study explores how modeled rift behavior depends on the value of rheological parameters of the crust. A three-dimensional finite element model is used to simulate lithosphere deformation in an extensional regime. The chosen approach emphasizes understanding the tectonic forces involved in rift propagation. Dependent on plate strength, two end-member modes are distinguished. The stalled rift phase is characterized by absence of rift propagation for a certain amount of time. Extension beyond the edge of the rift tip is no longer localized but occurs over a very wide zone, which requires a buildup of shear stresses near the rift tip and significant intra-plate deformation. This stage represents a situation in which a rift meets a locked zone. Localized deformation changes to distributed deformation in the locked zone, and the two different deformation styles are balanced by a shear zone oriented perpendicular to the trend. In the alternative rift propagation mode, rift propagation is a continuous process when the initial crust is weak. The extension style does not change significantly along the rift axis and lengthening of the rift zone is not accompanied by a buildup of shear stresses. Model predictions address aspects of previously unexplained rift evolution in the Laptev Sea, and its contrast with the tectonic evolution of, for example, the Gulf of Aden and Woodlark Basin. 相似文献
14.
Andrea Agostini Marco Bonini Giacomo Corti Federico Sani Francesco Mazzarini 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2011,301(3-4):479-492
The Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) offers a complete record of the time–space evolution of a continental rift. We have characterized the brittle deformation in different rift sectors through the statistical analysis of a new database of faults obtained from the integration between satellite images and digital elevation models, and implemented with field controls. This analysis has been compared with the results of lithospheric-scale analogue models reproducing the kinematical conditions of orthogonal and oblique rifting. Integration of these approaches suggests substantial differences in fault architecture in the different rift sectors that in turn reflect an along-axis variation of the rift development and southward decrease in rift evolution. The northernmost MER sector is in a mature stage of incipient continental rupture, with deformation localised within the rift floor along discrete tectono-magmatic segments and almost inactive boundary faults. The central MER sector records a transitional stage in which migration of deformation from boundary faults to faults internal to the rift valley is in an incipient phase. The southernmost MER sector is instead in an early continental stage, with the largest part of deformation being accommodated by boundary faults and almost absent internal faults. The MER thus records along its axis the typical evolution of continental rifting, from fault-dominated rift morphology in the early stages of extension toward magma-dominated extension during break-up. The extrapolation of modelling results suggests that a variable rift obliquity contributes to the observed along-axis variations in rift architecture and evolutionary stage, being oblique rifting conditions controlling the MER evolution since its birth in the Late Miocene in relation to a constant post ca. 11 Ma ~ N100°E Nubia–Somalia motion. 相似文献
15.
The role of rifting in the evolution of the continental margin of Eastern Asia: Geophysical evidence
The role of rift processes is analysed in the structural evolution of the continental margins of Eastern Asia including the Indo-China Peninsula and North China plain. Paleoreconstructions were made for the Indo-China Peninsula to characterize individual stages of rifting covering the Late Cretaceous-Eocene, Oligocene-Middle Miocene and Late Pliocene-Early Quaternary epochs. The rifting of continental margins occurred synchronously with spreading processes in marginal seas, whereas the formation of rift structures in the North China plain was concurrent with the formation of a deep-water basin of the Philippine Sea. The development of asthenospheric diapire led to crustal extension and was responsible for the formation of rift structures in marginal seas and continental margins. 相似文献
16.
Present models of continental breakup envisage the formation of a rift valley which undergoes a protracted period of tectonism and eventual seafloor spreading in the axial part of the rift valley. This results in evidence of pre-breakup tectonism on most Atlantic-type margins in the form of normal blockfaults beneath the continental slope. The southeastern margin of the Australian continent has an unusually steep continental slope and shows little evidence of tectonism associated with the rift valley stage of development. The margin was formed by separation of the Lord Howe Rise and Australia during a phase of seafloor spreading in the Tasman Sea which lasted from about 80 to 60 m.y. B.P. Marine geophysical data over the central Lord Howe Rise indicate a contrast between the western and eastern part of of this structure. The western part shows faulted, rough basement topography, disturbed overlying sediments, and a relatively quiet magnetic field. The eastern part shows a smooth basement surface, undisturbed overlying sediments, and a high-amplitude, high-frequency magnetic field. It is suggested that the whole of the pre-breakup rift valley remained attached to the Lord Howe Rise. This explains the absence of rift valley structures within the eastern continental margin of Australia and implies non-axial breaching along the western boundary fault of a pre-Tasman Sea rift valley. 相似文献
17.
The North China rift zone,including the North China Plain rift zone and the middle Shanxi graben-rift zone,is a continental rift;geomorphologically,its most common and important characteristics are the multiple accordant summit levels (ASLs) in the denudational area.In this study three methods based on geomorphic analysis,that is,(1) unified topographic profiles,(2) cyclic knickpoints along longitudinal river profiles,and (3) depth contours of river downcutting,are used to identify the ASLs and analyze their tectonic deformation.The formation time of the ASLs is determined by geological and geomorphological evidence,the correlation with the sedimentary facies in the Plain rift zone,and K-Ar ages of basalts on the ASLs,indicating the rates of tectonic uplift.The North China rift zone has five ASLs,of which the highest and oldest ASL I is the remnant of a fossil peneplain formed before rifting and the other four lower and younger ones are pediplain-typed formed contemporaneously with rifting.Study of ASLs 相似文献
18.
C.D. Ollier 《Journal of Geodynamics》1990,11(4)
The Lake Albert region is described as an example of a rift valley. It is far more complex than the typical graben used by rift valley modellers. The northern section is a complex half graben with en echelon faults and warps on the west. The central section is a graben, but with uplift axes remote from the faults. The southern section is complicated by the partly faulted but mainly upwarped tilt block of the Ruwenzori massif. Many features of the landscape—drainage patterns, erosion surfaces, regolith—pre-date the rift valley tectonics, and provide insight into the dating and evolution of tectonic features. As rift valleys are precursors of seafloor spreading, the rift geomorphology shows which features may pre-date the formation of new continental edges. Many modern passive margins have morphotectonic features that date back to the rift valley stage of crustal evolution. 相似文献
19.
We discuss the chemical compositions of rhyolites from three distinct tectonic settings: (i) the continental rift from Ethiopia (both Oligocene–Miocene and Quaternary rhyolites); (ii) the early Miocene continental arc of Japan (the Mt Wasso rhyolites related to the rifting of the Japan Sea); and (iii) the oceanic Izu–Bonin Island Arc. The comparison reveals that the oceanic island arc rhyolites have high contents of CaO, Al2O3, and Sr, and extremely low abundance of trace elements including K2O. In contrast, the Ethiopian continental rift rhyolites are characterized by low contents of CaO, Al2O3, and Sr, and high contents of K2O, and are enriched in the whole range of trace elements. The continental arc Mt Wasso rhyolites are apparently low in Nb content, although they display similar chemical trends to those of the Ethiopian rhyolites. This obvious difference in the chemical signatures of the rhyolites from the three tectonic settings is the consequence of their derivation from different sources. The implication of this result is that fractional crystallization processes were dominant in the rift‐related rhyolites both from continental rift and continental arc regardless of the prevailing tectonic setting and the nature of the crust (age, thickness, composition), whereas the oceanic island arc rhyolites may form through partial melting of young, mafic crust. 相似文献
20.
山西地堑系又名汾渭地堑系,是新生代发育的小型大陆裂谷带,它有着大陆裂谷带的主要特征.本文根据裂谷和地堑是断裂带发展和控制结果的观测事实,应用断裂力学方法研究了山西地堑形成的力学机制.本文提出一个三维力学模式,分析了由断裂带扩展形成地堑的力学过程,并计算了山西地堑的 Z 形图案中的剪切段与拉伸段之间的夹角,该角度的大小与区域应力场方向、原始断裂带深度和长度的比值,以及断裂带周围介质的力学性质等因素有关,同时还发现,拉张区的总体方向总是指向区域主压应力作用方向.因此,可以根据拉张区的总体方向来确定区域主压应力方向;反之,也可以根据区域主压应力方向来判断拉张段的取向.本文同时分析了由地震资料得到的结果并进行了比较.此外,我们还应用本文提出的方法研究了国际上一些有名的地堑,如莱茵地堑、贝加尔湖地堑和北美洲西部的利奥格兰特裂谷等,这些地堑系的拉张区和剪切区的空间分布特征,也能得到较好地解释. 相似文献