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1.
电气石是一种以含硼为特征的硅酸盐矿物,矿物中硼含量在2.78%~3.4%之间,但电气石中的硼被束缚在稳定的晶体结构中难以溶出而被植物吸收,从而影响电气石中硼在农业上的应用。本文通过一系列实验与检测分析,对电气石中硼的溶出机制进行了研究,发现＂高温煅烧十活化剂＂相结合的方法能有效地将电气石中硼的溶出,并初步选定Na2CO3为理想的活化剂,为开发电气石硼肥奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
2.
本文总结了近年来有关高压-超高压变质电气石的研究成果,并在此基础上指出未来该领域的重点研究方向.电气石是一种分布广泛的矿物.实验证明其稳定存在的温度大于850℃,压力大于4 GPa.由于较慢的空间扩散作用、复杂的成分替代关系和较高的环境敏感度,电气石可以保存完好的生长环带.这有助于我们分析同位素演化、变质流体成分、岩石变质历史等.高压-超高压电气石结构化学研究表明电气石结构中的某些元素含量(如Al和F含量)和矿物的形成温度具有很好的相关性.根据不同的硼同位素来源,高压-超高压变质电气石的生长模型可以分为A型电气石、B型电气石和C型电气石.通过分析出露在全球各地的代表性高压-超高压变质电气石,其特征总体表现为:①多为镁电气石;②X晶位具有很高的占位率(＞0.8 pfu);③化学结构中硼元素具有过量特征(3.2～3.3 pfu);④Ti、Mn、Li、Cl含量很低;⑤硼同位素成分的变化范围为:-16％ ＜δ11B＜+ 1‰.未来高压-超高压变质电气石的研究重点应该放在电气石晶体化学和变质p-t条件的关系、电气石-流体之间微量元素的分异作用以及含硼矿物组合的相平衡模拟等. 相似文献
3.
辽东地区沉积变质硼矿床及硼同位素研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
辽东地区元古界硼矿床属于沉积变质硼矿。根据现代盐湖沉积 ,认为硼矿物沉积通常为硼砂 ,然后在区域变质作用过程中 ,硼砂矿物转变为硼镁矿物或硼铁矿等硼酸盐矿物 ,但辽东硼矿床中不同硼矿物的硼同位素有一定差别。电气石富10 B ,δ11B值较低或呈负值 ;而硼镁石与硼镁铁矿类矿物明显富集11B ,δ11B值较高 ,为 +2 3‰～ +17 4‰。根据水岩作用过程中硼同位素分馏特征的研究 ,11B与10 B比较有下列 4个特征 :( 1) 11B属于极不相容元素 ,优先进入水相 ,因此在变质残余矿物相中形成低的δ11B值 ;( 2 )在蚀变和交代变质反应中硅优先替代11B进入矿物晶格 ,因此在硅化交代中可以降低δ11B值 ,而脱硅反应中可以提高δ11B值 ;水化作用中 ,OH-带入11B ,使富水矿物具有较高的δ11B值 ;( 3)热水沉积及热液交代成因电气石均具有较低的δ11B值或者为负值 ;( 4)通过最近的研究表明 ,在热蒸馏过程中 ,硼同位素会发生明显的分馏 ,11B倾向于进入蒸汽相 ,而使残余相或后蒸馏相亏损11B ,形成较低的δ11B值。因此可以认为辽东地区元古界硼矿床属于热水沉积电气石岩在后期区域变质或热变质过程中分解出硼酸气水溶液交代镁碳酸盐形成硼镁石或硼镁铁矿矿物 ,而非蒸发沉积变质矿床。 相似文献
4.
辽宁东部古元古界底部地层(南辽河群)中赋存着大型的硼酸盐矿床，含矿层位中广泛分布含电气石的变粒岩和电英岩。空间上这些含电气石的岩石与硼酸盐有着密切的联系，电气石可以作为区域硼矿找矿的标志。已有研究结果表明，该地区的硼酸盐矿床是变质蒸发岩成因。本研究对该区不同产状的电气石和硼酸盐的地质特征，全岩和矿物成分、硼同位素组成进行了分析。本区的电气石包括层状和脉状两大类，而电气石的富集与硼酸盐关系密切，电英岩往往分布在硼酸盐矿体的上盘。而矿体的下盘一般不产出富电气石的岩石。当长英质脉体穿过硼酸盐矿体时，脉体中往往会富集电气石。含电气石岩石的全岩地球化学分析表明，它们的REE及其他微量元素特征以及相关性关系与周围不含电气石的同类岩石十分相似，反映出一种成因上的联系。本区电气石主要属于镁电气石一铁电气石系列，靠近硼矿体的电气石比远离硼矿体的电气石更加富镁，有着更高的Mg／Fe比值。电气石和硼酸盐的硼同位素成分分析显示出二者在同位素组成上的相似性，前者比后者的δ^11B稍低，这可能是由于热液活动过程中同位素分馏的结果。电气石的硼同位素组成在空间上显示出变化规律：远离硼酸盐矿体的电气石的δ^11B值(-5．2‰- 3．6‰)比矿体附近的电气石低(平均 10．5‰)。以上空间和成分上的关系表明硼酸盐可能是形成电气石主要的硼来源，电气石是在热液过程中通过淋滤下伏含硼蒸发岩中的硼形成含硼热液，在与上覆沉积物交代过程中形成含电气石岩石。电气石的条带是热液顺层选择交代的结果。本区电气石与硼酸盐的关系表明，层状电气石可以通过含硼热液交代的方式形成。变质地体中的层状电气石岩石的出现可能与变质蒸发岩有关。这一认识对区域硼矿勘查工作和变质地体的沉积环境分析有借鉴意义。 相似文献
5.
江西相山铀矿田含铀碎斑熔岩中电气石化学成分及硼同位素组成特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
相山铀矿田是我国最大的火山岩型铀矿田,其赋矿围岩主要为流纹英安岩、碎斑熔岩和部分前寒武纪变质岩和中生代花岗斑岩。碎斑熔岩的边缘亚相中发育直径10~20 cm的球形电气石囊包,其主要的矿物组合为电气石、石英以及少量长石、萤石,伴生少量晶质铀矿,另可见电气石交代早期的长石。利用显微镜、电子探针、激光剥蚀多接收等离子质谱仪等分析仪器,对相山如意亭地区碎斑熔岩中电气石囊包进行了详细的矿物学研究工作。电子探针成分分析显示,碎斑熔岩中电气石为典型的黑电气石,以富含Na、Fe等元素为特征,电气石中挥发性组分较高;其中,B2O3质量分数为9.38%~10.04%,F质量分数为0.10%~1.77%。成矿流体中高质量分数的B、F等挥发性组分及岩浆早期阶段的较高氧逸度环境使得U元素更易形成络合物,更利于U的迁移与富集。利用LA-MC-ICP-MS硼同位素微区原位分析法对碎斑熔岩中电气石的硼同位素进行分析测试,结果显示,电气石中的δ11 B质量分数为（-13.15±0.72）‰~（-12.28±0.63）‰,均值为（-12.72±0.94）‰,指示相山火山-侵入杂岩体主要来源于相山底部地壳基底岩石的部分熔融。 相似文献
6.
多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱(MC-ICPMS)与激光剥蚀系统(laser ablation)的联用,为通过单矿物微米尺度的信息示踪地质过程提供了有利工具。作为非传统稳定同位素之一,硼同位素的应用受到地学界日益广泛的关注。本文利用LA-MC-ICPMS的分析优势建立了原位高精度分析高硼矿物电气石和低硼矿物白云母硼同位素的方法,分别使用电气石标准样品和玻璃标准样品对未知样品的测试结果进行了质量歧视校正,并对2个西南天山的实际地质样品进行了微区硼同位素测试应用。测试结果表明,仪器状态可以保持长期稳定,可以采用最小10μm的束斑对实际地质样品中电气石的硼同位素组成进行准确测定,也可对硼含量高于20×10-6的白云母进行原位硼同位素的准确测定;标定的实验室内部电气石标准样品T-PKU的推荐值为-13. 07‰±0. 42‰(2SD,n=66)。天山泥质片岩及脉体中的电气石和白云母的原位硼同位素特征为示踪与矿物平衡共生的流体来源提供了有效信息。 相似文献
7.
硼是用途广泛的重要非金属元素,中国已探明硼资源总储量为4 908万t,其中90%以上集中分布于辽宁、吉林、青海和西藏4个省区,矿床类型以沉积变质型和现代盐湖沉积型为主。几十年来,硼资源被过度无序开采,使得以硼镁矿为代表的易开采型硼富矿现已濒临枯竭,由此,加强对硼铁矿、现代盐湖和地下卤水型硼资源的进一步开发利用十分必要。目前,硼资源主要是通过制成硼砂和硼酸加以利用,在采用碳碱法制备硼砂和采用硫酸一步分解法、硼砂二步法制备硼酸的过程中,会产生大量的硼泥废弃物,这些废弃物易造成严重的环境污染,制约硼工业的发展。如果硼泥能够得到充分利用,既能解决硼资源的进一步开发利用的难题,也能缓解环境压力。因此,提出了硼泥在建材、环境材料、冶金及有价成分回收等领域资源化利用的绿色途径,并以提高硼的利用价值和降低环境污染为目的,对硼资源合理开发、硼泥综合利用和高新含硼材料发展进行了展望。 相似文献
8.
希腊Samos岛西部晚中新世盐碱湖中硬硼钙石和钠硼解石的产状 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正> 0 引言工业硼酸盐矿床主要是钠硼酸盐、钠-钙硼酸盐和钙硼酸盐,如硬硼钙石、硼砂(原硼砂)、钠硼解石、贫水硼砂和板硼钙石。另外还有100多种硼酸盐矿物,但含量较低,其中最常见的有:图硼锶石、斜硼钠钙石、三方硼砂、砷硼镁钙石和水硼锶石。所有硼酸生产国(除前苏联外)的硼酸盐矿床都是表生沉积形成的,包括低—中等水溶性硼酸盐。相反,罕见的内生镁硼酸盐——硼镁石是前苏联的主要硼酸盐资源。表生类型的硼酸盐和硼酸的富集赋存在以下的环境中:(1)火山喷气和热泉;(2)海洋 相似文献
9.
10.
郭顺 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2021,40(5):1049-1060
俯冲带控制着地球内部和表层的物质与能量交换.硼(B)是一个质量轻的流体活动性元素.B及其同位素体系是理解俯冲-碰撞带流/熔体活动和物质循环的重要工具.本文综述了俯冲板块中各储库的硼含量和同位素组成以及主导硼分配的关键矿物.介绍了目前对大洋俯冲带弧前、弧下和弧后深度下硼循环的主要认识;简要介绍了刚起步的大陆俯冲-碰撞带硼循环研究.阐述了含电气石(超)高压变质岩在俯冲带硼迁移研究中的重要性.指出今后需深化含水矿物在不同地温梯度下脱水/熔融过程中硼同位素分馏研究,加强流/熔体包裹体硼同位素分析技术及应用研究.由于B及同位素可有效区分大洋地壳和大陆地壳物质,未来将在造山带演化和地球深部物质循环研究中扮演更重要的角色. 相似文献
11.
Katharina Marger Matthieu Harlaux Andrea Rielli Lukas P. Baumgartner Andrea Dini Barbara L. Dutrow Anne‐Sophie Bouvier 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2020,44(3):593-615
Six tourmaline samples were investigated as potential reference materials (RMs) for boron isotope measurement by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The tourmaline samples are chemically homogeneous and cover a compositional range of tourmaline supergroup minerals (primarily Fe, Mg and Li end‐members). Additionally, they have homogeneous boron delta values with intermediate precision values during SIMS analyses of less than 0.6‰ (2s). These samples were compared with four established tourmaline RMs, that is, schorl IAEA‐B‐4 and three Harvard tourmalines (schorl HS#112566, dravite HS#108796 and elbaite HS#98144). They were re‐evaluated for their major element and boron delta values using the same measurement procedure as the new tourmaline samples investigated. A discrepancy of about 1.5‰ in δ11B was found between the previously published reference values for established RMs and the values determined in this study. Significant instrumental mass fractionation (IMF) of up to 8‰ in δ11B was observed for schorl–dravite–elbaite solid solutions during SIMS analysis. Using the new reference values determined in this study, the IMF of the ten tourmaline samples can be modelled by a linear combination of the chemical parameters FeO + MnO, SiO2 and F. The new tourmaline RMs, together with the four established RMs, extend the boron isotope analysis of tourmaline towards the Mg‐ and Al‐rich compositional range. Consequently, the in situ boron isotope ratio of many natural tourmalines can now be determined with an uncertainty of less than 0.8‰ (2s). 相似文献
12.
T. Kawakami 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2001,19(1):61-75
A sharp line delimitating the distribution of tourmaline (termed as a ‘tourmaline‐out isograd’) is defined in the migmatite zone of the Ryoke metamorphic belt, Japan. The trend of the tourmaline‐out isograd closely matches that of the isograds formed through the regional metamorphism, suggesting that it represents the breakdown front of tourmaline during regional metamorphism. This is confirmed by the presence of the reaction textures of tourmaline to sillimanite and cordierite near the tourmaline‐out isograd. The breakdown of tourmaline would release boron into associated melts or fluids and be an important factor in controlling the behaviour of boron in tourmaline‐bearing high‐temperature metamorphic rocks. Near the tourmaline‐out isograd, large tourmaline crystals occur in the centre of interboudin partitions containing leucosome. In the melanosome of the intervening matrix, reaction textures involving tourmaline are locally observed. These observations imply that tourmaline breakdown is related to a melting reaction and that the boron in the leucosome is derived from the breakdown of tourmaline in the melanosome during prograde metamorphism. Boron released by tourmaline breakdown lowers both the solidus temperature of the rock and the viscosity of any associated melt. Considering that the tourmaline‐out isograd lies close to the schist–migmatite boundary, these effects might have enhanced melt generation and segregation in the migmatite zone of the Ryoke belt. The evidence for the breakdown of tourmaline and the almost complete absence of any borosilicates throughout the migmatite zone suggest that boron was effectively removed from this region by the movement of melt and/or fluid. This implies that the tourmaline‐out isograd can reflect a significant amount of mass transfer in the anatectic zones. 相似文献
13.
南极中山站区电气石及其与变质作用的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南极中山站区的巨晶“电气石”实际上是柱晶石。电气石的确存在,但颗粒细小,含量较低。根据其颜色、成分和产出特征,至少可分为三种类型,不同的电气石与变质作用发展的不同阶段有关。电气石在麻粒岩相变质作用条件下能够稳定存在,与其它硼硅酸盐矿物（即硅硼镁铝矿和柱晶石）的缓冲作用有关。 相似文献
14.
Experiments at 750 °C, 200 MPa(H2O), a
(H2O)=1, and fO2∼Ni-NiO established that the equilibrium among tourmaline, biotite, cordierite, and melt (± spinel, aluminosilicate, or corundum)
occurs with ∼2 wt% B2O3 in strongly peraluminous melt with an aluminosity, measured by the parameter ASI, of >1.2. The experiments demonstrate the
relationship of tourmaline stability to the activity product of the tourmaline components boron and aluminum, which are inversely
related to one another. Tourmaline is unstable in metaluminous to mildly peraluminous melts (ASI <1.2) at 750 °C regardless
of their boron content. For a given aluminosity, addition of components such as F requires a greater boron content of melt
at this equilibrium. The stability of tourmaline increases with decreasing temperatures below 750 °C. At the inception of
melting, tourmaline breaks down incongruently to assemblages containing crystalline AFM silicates (biotite, cordierite, garnet,
sillimanite), aluminates (spinel, corundum), and B-enriched but Fe-Mg-poor melt. Granitic melts are likely to be undersaturated
in tourmaline from the start of their crystallization, and their initial boron contents will be limited by the abundance of
tourmaline in their source rocks. Quartzofeldspathic (gneissic, metapelitic) rocks that reached conditions of the granulite
facies and still contain (prograde) tourmaline are rare, and probably have never yielded a partial melt. Most leucogranitic
magmas will initially crystallize biotite, cordierite, or garnet, but not tourmaline. With crystallization, the Fe-Mg content
of melt decreases, and the B2O3 content increases until the tourmaline-biotite and/or tourmaline-cordierite (or garnet) equilibria are attained. The B2O3 content of melt is buffered as long as these equilibria continue to operate, but low initial Fe-Mg contents of the magmas
limit the quantity of boron that can be consumed by these reactions to <1 wt% B2O3. Normally, leucogranitic magmas contain insufficient Fe and Mg to conserve all boron as tourmaline and thus lose a large
fraction of magmatic boron to wallrocks. Leucogranites and pegmatites with tourmaline as an early and only AFM silicate mineral
probably contained >2 wt% B2O3 in their bulk magmas.
Received: 6 August 1996 / Accepted: 21 July 1997 相似文献
15.
Boron-isotope fractionation between tourmaline and fluid: an experimental re-investigation 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Christian Meyer Bernd Wunder Anette Meixner Rolf L. Romer Wilhelm Heinrich 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,156(2):259-267
The fractionation of boron isotopes between synthetic dravitic tourmaline and fluid was determined by hydrothermal experiments
between 400 and 700°C at 200 MPa and at 500°C, 500 MPa. Tourmaline was crystallized from an oxide mix in presence of water
that contained boron in excess. In one series of experiments, [B]fluid/[B]tour was 9 after the run; in another series it was 0.1. All experiments produced tourmaline as the sole boron-bearing solid, along
with traces of quartz and talc. Powder XRD and Rietveld refinements revealed no significant amounts of tetrahedrally coordinated
boron in tourmaline. 11B always preferentially fractionated into the fluid. For experiments where [B]fluid/[B]tour was 9, a consistent temperature-dependent boron isotope fractionation curve resulted, approximated by Δ11B(tour–fluid) = −4.20 · [1,000/T (K)] + 3.52; R
2 = 0.77, and valid from 400 to 700°C. No pressure dependence was observed. The fractionation (−2.7 ± 0.5‰ at 400°C; and −0.8 ± 0.5‰
at 700°C) is much lower than that previously presented by Palmer et al. (1992). Experiments where [B]fluid/[B]tour was 0.1 showed a significant larger apparent fractionation of up to −4.7‰. In one of these runs, the isotopic composition
of handpicked tourmaline crystals of different size varied by 1.3‰. This is interpreted as resulting from fractional crystallization
of boron isotopes during tourmaline growth due to the small boron reservoir of the fluid relative to tourmaline, thus indicating
larger fractionation than observed at equilibrium. The effect is eliminated or minimized in experiments with very high boron
excess in the fluid. We therefore suggest that values given by the above relation represent the true equilibrium fractionations. 相似文献
16.
Tsutomu Ota Katsura Kobayashi Tomoo Katsura Eizo Nakamura 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,155(1):19-32
Pressure–temperature conditions of tourmaline breakdown in a metapelite were determined by high-pressure experiments at 700–900°C
and 4–6 GPa. These experiments produced an eclogite–facies assemblage of garnet, clinopyroxene, phengite, coesite, kyanite
and rare rutile. The modal proportions of tourmaline clearly decreased between 4.5 and 5 GPa at 700°C, between 4 and 4.5 GPa
at 800°C, and between 800 and 850°C at 4 GPa, with tourmaline that survived the higher temperature conditions appearing corroded
and thus metastable. Decreases in the modal abundance of tourmaline are accompanied by decreasing modal abundance of coesite,
and increasing that of clinopyroxene, garnet and kyanite; the boron content of phengite increases significantly. These changes
suggest that, with increasing pressure and temperature, tourmaline reacts with coesite to produce clinopyroxene, garnet, kyanite,
and boron-bearing phengite and fluid. Our results suggest that: (1) tourmaline breakdown occurs at lower pressures and temperatures
in SiO2-saturated systems than in SiO2-undersaturated systems. (2) In even cold subduction zones, subducting sediments should release boron-rich fluids by tourmaline
breakdown before reaching depths of 150 km, and (3) even after tourmaline breakdown, a significant amount of boron partitioned
into phengite could be stored in deeply subducted sediments. 相似文献
17.
The Songqi region, SW Henan, is an important bauxite province in China. The bauxite ore deposits occur unconformably on the top of Middle Ordovician argillaceous carbonates. The bauxite ores from the Songqi region are characterized by unusually high boron contents. In this paper, we report the mineralogical and chemical compositions of selected bauxite ores from the region. These new data, together with existing geochemical data of soils in the region, are used to evaluate the origin of boron enrichment in the bauxite ores. The compositional characteristics of tourmaline in the bauxite ores suggests that this mineral was likely derived from a meta-sedimentary protolith. Mass balance calculation reveals that tourmaline only accounts for a small portion of boron in the bauxite ores; the majority of boron in the ores must occur in other forms, possibly by ion absorption on the surfaces of diaspore and clay minerals. In the Songqi region, the Precambrian meta-sedimentary rocks are known to contain abundant tourmalines whereas the Cambrian–Ordovician argillaceous carbonates and the Upper Proterozoic shales are all enriched in boron in free ion state. We suggest that these rocks provided tourmaline and boron ion to the bauxite deposits in the region. Most known bauxite deposits in the Songqi region occur at the margins of boron-rich soil domains, suggesting that boron in soils is a potential exploration indicator for unknown bauxite deposits in this region. 相似文献
18.
Degree of partial melting of pelitic migmatites from the Aoyama area, Ryoke metamorphic belt, SW Japan is determined utilizing whole-rock trace element compositions. The key samples used in this study were taken from the migmatite front of this area and have interboudin partitions filled with tourmaline-bearing leucosome. These samples are almost perfectly separated into leucosome (melt) and surrounding matrix (solid). This textural feature enables an estimate of the melting degree by a simple mass-balance calculation, giving the result of 5–11 wt.% of partial melting. Similar calculations applied to the migmatite samples, which assume average migmatite compositions to be the residue solid fraction, give degree of melt extraction of 12–14 wt.% from the migmatite zone. The similarity of the estimated melting degree of 5–11 wt.% with that in other tourmaline–leucogranites, such as Harney Peak leucogranite and Himalayan leucogranites, in spite of differences in formation process implies that the production of tourmaline leucogranites is limited to low degrees of partial melting around 10 wt.%, probably controlled by the breakdown of sink minerals for boron such as muscovite and tourmaline at a relatively early stage of partial melting. Because the amount of boron originally available in the pelitic source rock is limited (on average 100 ppm), 10 wt.% of melting locally requires almost complete breakdown of boron sink mineral(s) in the source rock, in order to provide sufficient boron into the melt to saturate it in tourmaline. This, in turn, means that boron-depleted metapelite regions are important candidates for the source regions of tourmaline leucogranites. 相似文献