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中国科学院气候系统模式模拟的ENSO循环 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
On the basis of more than 200-year control run, the performance of the climate system model of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS-ESM-C) in simulating the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) cycle is evaluated, including the onset, development and decay of the ENSO. It is shown that, the model can reasonably simulate the annual cycle and interannual variability of sea surface temperature(SST) in the tropical Pacific, as well as the seasonal phase-locking of the ENSO. The model also captures two prerequisites for the El Ni?o onset, i.e., a westerly anomaly and a warm SST anomaly in the equatorial western Pacific. Owing to too strong forcing from an extratropical meridional wind, however, the westerly anomaly in this region is largely overestimated. Moreover, the simulated thermocline is much shallower with a weaker slope. As a result, the warm SST anomaly from the western Pacific propagates eastward more quickly, leading to a faster development of an El Ni?o. During the decay stage, owing to a stronger El Ni?o in the model, the secondary Gill-type response of the tropical atmosphere to the eastern Pacific warming is much stronger, thereby resulting in a persistent easterly anomaly in the western Pacific. Meanwhile, a cold anomaly in the warm pool appears as a result of a lifted thermocline via Ekman pumping. Finally, an El Ni?o decays into a La Ni?a through their interactions. In addition, the shorter period and larger amplitude of the ENSO in the model can be attributed to a shallower thermocline in the equatorial Pacific, which speeds up the zonal redistribution of a heat content in the upper ocean. 相似文献
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利用最近20 a的大气海洋资料,分析了厄尔尼诺事件与赤道太平洋西风异常以及赤道太平洋次表层海温之间的关系.结果表明,赤道西太平洋(5°S～5°N,120°～160°E)和赤道中东太平洋(5°S～5°N,160°E～160°W)西风异常都存在着与厄尔尼诺周期一致的年际变化,但前者还包含有显著的2～3个月季节内振荡.赤道西太平洋次表层冷暖水东移也呈现年和年际时间尺度的振荡周期.在厄尔尼诺发生前,赤道西太平洋次表层海水出现持续性增暖,赤道西太平洋西风异常频率加快,强度增强.随后赤道中太平洋(160°E～160°W)出现持续性(3个月以上)强西风异常(即西风爆发),并进一步向东扩展,同时次表层暖水沿着赤道波导东移到赤道东太平洋混合层,导致赤道东太平洋海表大面积异常增暖,形成一次厄尔尼诺现象.最后,模式模拟了1980～1984年赤道太平洋海温的变化,进一步证实了赤道纬向西风异常对暖水东移起着重要的作用. 相似文献
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利用1951~2003年HadISST资料集的表层海水温度（SST）资料,讨论了印度洋-西太平洋暖池（IPWP）海域,尤其是印度尼西亚贯穿流（ITF）及其周边海域SST的季节及年际变化的时空特征.研究结果表明,整个研究海域SST的年际变化均与ENSO相关,但印度洋与南海的响应特征与西太平洋的相反且不同步.前者海温变化滞后Nio3指数3~6个月,而热带太平洋西边界和ITF流经海域海温则超前1~3个月.沿ITF及其东印度洋出口,SST的年际变化规律不同于热带印度洋而与太平洋的相似,分析表明其在较大程度上受到ITF海洋桥的影响.在季节尺度上,印度洋和太平洋赤道海域SST的波动规律也有明显不同.以巽他岛弧（苏门答腊、爪哇和小巽他群岛）为界,从赤道西太平洋向西沿ITF流径,太平洋一侧SST的季节变化以0.5a周期的波动占主导,印度洋一侧则以1a周期占主导. 相似文献
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利用EOF分析方法,讨论了最近20a赤道太平洋次表层温度、纬向流距平与厄尔尼诺的关系.结果表明:赤道太平洋海温距平EOF分析第一、二主分量占总量的近80%,其中第一主分量类似于厄尔尼诺模态,第二主分量类似于暖池模态;后一模态存在着突变和渐变两种过程,其中由冷位相变暖位相过程为渐变过程,而暖位相变冷位相过程为突变过程.厄尔尼诺事件是赤道西太平洋暖池突变过程的结果.赤道太平洋纬向流距平EOF的第二主分量代表赤道西太平洋潜流和东太平洋南赤道流的变化,这个模态存在着半年左右的振荡和与厄尔尼诺同位相的年际振荡两种频率.另外,它还存在明显的年代际变化.赤道西太平洋潜流和东太平洋南赤道流减弱是产生厄尔尼诺的必要条件.统计回归分析表明,赤道太平洋海温距平和纬向流距平EOF的第二特征向量的时间系数对厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜均有一定的预报意义. 相似文献
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ENSO variability and the eastern tropical Pacific: A review 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) encompasses variability in both the eastern and western tropical Pacific. During the warm phase of ENSO, the eastern tropical Pacific is characterized by equatorial positive sea surface temperature (SST) and negative sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies, while the western tropical Pacific is marked by off-equatorial negative SST and positive SLP anomalies. Corresponding to this distribution are equatorial westerly wind anomalies in the central Pacific and equatorial easterly wind anomalies in the far western Pacific. Occurrence of ENSO has been explained as either a self-sustained, naturally oscillatory mode of the coupled ocean–atmosphere system or a stable mode triggered by stochastic forcing. Whatever the case, ENSO involves the positive ocean–atmosphere feedback hypothesized by Bjerknes. After an El Niño reaches its mature phase, negative feedbacks are required to terminate growth of the mature El Niño anomalies in the central and eastern Pacific. Four requisite negative feedbacks have been proposed: reflected Kelvin waves at the ocean western boundary, a discharge process due to Sverdrup transport, western Pacific wind-forced Kelvin waves, and anomalous zonal advections. These negative feedbacks may work together for terminating El Niño, with their relative importance being time-dependent.ENSO variability is most pronounced along the equator and the coast of Ecuador and Peru. However, the eastern tropical Pacific also includes a warm pool north of the equator where important variability occurs. Seasonally, ocean advection seems to play an important role for SST variations of the eastern Pacific warm pool. Interannual variability in the eastern Pacific warm pool may be largely due to a direct oceanic connection with the ENSO variability at the equator. Variations in temperature, stratification, insolation, and productivity associated with ENSO have implications for phytoplankton productivity and for fish, birds, and other organisms in the region. Long-term changes in ENSO variability may be occurring and are briefly discussed. This paper is part of a comprehensive review of the oceanography of the eastern tropical Pacific. 相似文献
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文章利用强化海洋数据(enhance ocean data, 简称EN4.4.1.f) 1980—2016年的再分析逐月资料, 根据海表盐度异常(SSSA)指标, 找出与厄尔尼诺关系最为重要和密切的盐度变化区域, 并区分两类厄尔尼诺。利用海表面温度作为两类厄尔尼诺的时间相关系数指标, 通过研究其水平分布发现: 在热带太平洋存在着多个能指示两类厄尔尼诺的盐度变化区域, 在东部(EP)型厄尔尼诺时期, 最显著的SSSA关键区主要出现在日界线附近的西太平洋暖池区域东边缘, 并以赤道和日界线为轴线呈中心对称分布; 而在中部(CP)型时期, 关键区在日界线以西的赤道太平洋, 且在日界线以东的SSSA分布则呈现沿赤道的经向非对称性, 这种非对称性在东南太平洋出现了与EP型厄尔尼诺时期相比更为显著不同的正SSSA关键区。文章以此找到关键区域中能够较好代表并区分两类厄尔尼诺的区域, 对挑选出的多个关键区进行有机组合, 定义了一组以SSSA为指标进行有效区分两类厄尔尼诺的方法, 并以此指数对近年来发生的两类厄尔尼诺进行合理再现。 相似文献
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为研究赤道太平洋海表二氧化碳分压(pCO2sw)年际变化的机制,基于中科院海洋所宋金明研究团队于2021年发布的中国首套全球海表二氧化碳分压数据产品,使用相关性分析、经验正交函数(empirical orthogonal function, EOF)分析和奇异值分解(singular value decomposition, SVD)等方法,研究了2005～2019年赤道太平洋pCO2sw气候态分布及其去趋势后的年际异常的时空演变特征;结合pCO2sw与多种参数的相关性和厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation, ENSO)过程探讨了赤道中西太平洋pCO2sw年际异常中心形成的原因。研究结果显示,热带太平洋pCO2sw季节变化、年际异常及其EOF第一模态特征向量沿赤道均出现两个中心,其中一个在赤道中西太平洋日界线附近,另一个在赤道中东... 相似文献
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基于SODA再分析资料以及SST、JEDAC和TAO观测资料,利用加权平均法建立了具有良好代表性的暖池整体暖水的纬向运移指标序列,并利用Morlet小波变换等分析方法,研究了暖池的纬向变异特征及其对ENSO的影响。结果表明,暖池具有明显的年际(2—7年)和年代际(10—16年)纬向变异,并在1976年前后经历了一次由弱到强的气候跃变。暖池内部的暖水大致可以50m为界分为上、下两部分,其上半部分的纬向变异幅度非常大,而其下半部分的纬向变异幅度则相对较小。但两者具有很一致的年际、年代际变化趋势。暖池的年代际纬向变异对赤道中太平洋纬向风应力和纬向流有较好的响应,而且对赤道西太平洋上层热含量变化有较大影响。相关和合成分析表明,暖池的东扩、西缩对ENSO暖(El Nio)、冷(La Nia)事件的形成和发展具有直接的影响,而且暖池的异常东扩对El Nio有增强作用。 相似文献
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Hydrography of the eastern tropical Pacific: A review 总被引：3，自引：10，他引：3
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近年来厄尔尼诺期间北赤道流输运的年际变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究近年来厄尔尼诺期间北赤道流输运的年际变化,本文利用海洋客观分析数据MOAA GPV(Grid Point Value of the Monthly Objective Analysis)以及P-vector方法计算了北太平洋绝对地转流,探讨了2001~2013年期间厄尔尼诺与北赤道流输运之间的关系。在此期间发生的4次厄尔尼诺事件中,北赤道流输运在2002~2003、2006~2007、2009~2010年的厄尔尼诺成熟期都出现了明显的增强,但是在2004~2005年的厄尔尼诺成熟期并没有明显的增强。进一步分析发现,在2002~2003年、2006~2007年、2009~2010年的厄尔尼诺成熟期,10°N以南的热带西北太平洋区域出现了负的海面高度异常和气旋式环流异常,这主要是由热带环流区域出现的西风异常和正的Ekman抽吸通过Rossby波西传到热带西太平洋区域所致;但是在2004~2005年厄尔尼诺成熟期,海面温度异常的分布明显不同,西风异常和正的Ekman抽吸异常明显北移,导致负的海面高度异常和气旋式环流异常出现在了10°N以北的西北太平洋区域,使得北赤道流输运在2004~2005年的厄尔尼诺成熟期没有明显的增强。 相似文献
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利用一个斜压两层海洋模式解析地研究了赤道东、西太平洋对信风张弛的响应特征.研究表明:当赤道上空偏东信风张弛或转为西风时,由于打破了海洋原来的平衡关系,结果在赤道东、西太平洋的温跃层附近产生了扰动并开始传播.西太平洋温跃层附近的扰动向东传播的速度远大于东太平洋扰动向西传播的速度,而且与东太平洋温跃层扰动向西传播的狭窄范围和小振幅相比,西太平洋温跃层扰动向东传播的范围和强度均很大.这与最近几次强厄尔尼诺增暖事件暖水从赤道西太平洋向赤道中、东太平洋的迅速传播特征是一致的. 相似文献
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全球变暖背景下, 2015/2016年超强厄尔尼诺(El Ni?o)事件倍受关注, 此次事件是中部型和东部型El Ni?o的混合。研究发现, 西风爆发和北太平洋经向模态对触发此次事件均有所贡献。通过对比2015/2016年、1997/1998年与中部型事件可知, 2015/2016年事件在暖背景中产生, 其发展形态与中部型事件较为相似, 后期海表面温度异常迅速衰退主要与赤道东太平洋海域持续的东风异常以及纬向平流较弱有关。较之1997/1998年事件, 2015/2016年事件的海洋动力调整较弱, 表现为较弱的温跃层反馈和海洋波动, 纬向平流反馈的贡献大于温跃层反馈, 大气强迫影响显著, 中部海域相关要素异常值较大。在2015/2016年事件期间, 赤道海域以及近赤道海域海洋上层热含量的变化基本呈负相关, 且变化较为同步; 衰退阶段热含量的流失主要集中在5°S—5°N海域, 向两极的热输送明显。 相似文献
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Isolation of sea surface salinity maps on various timescales in the tropical Pacific Ocean 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jian Chen Ren Zhang Huizan Wang Yuzhu An Peng Peng Weitao Zhang 《Journal of Oceanography》2012,68(5):687-701
To isolate sea surface salinity (SSS) maps on seasonal, ENSO, decadal, and long-term trend timescales in the tropical Pacific Ocean, the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is applied on an SSS data set covering 1950–2009, concerning three key regions including the western equatorial Pacific Warm Pool (WP), South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ), and Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ); then a self-organizing map is performed on the intrinsic mode function maps decomposed by the EEMD, concerning the whole basin. The ENSO and decadal signals concern mainly the western Pacific, in contrast to the seasonal signal mostly notable in the east. (1) The modulated annual cycle has smaller (larger) amplitudes during El Ni?o (La Ni?a) years and later appearance of minima during El Ni?o years; one unique annual cycle is observed at the northwestern edge of the ITCZ lagging the well-known ITCZ cycle by ~3?months. (2) The pronounced 1999–2001 SSS-related La Ni?a event in the SPCZ was reinforced twice by the decadal shift in the 1990s; the eastern Pacific and central Pacific ENSO-related SSS features are compared. (3) The contrasted anomalies between the western equatorial and non-equatorial regions were pronounced during 1977–1996, whereas they were less pronounced during 1971–1976, 2005–2008, and a roughly opposite pattern appeared with strong and abrupt decrease shift prevailing in large areas over the southwestern basin during 1997–2004. (4) The freshening at the western equator and the saltening located east of the SPCZ SSS front together amplify the geographical SSS contrasts exhibited by the WP and SPCZ SSS fronts. 相似文献
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1 IntroductionIn the Equatorial Pacific, due to the difference between the atmospheric circulation and air-sea interaction, the near-surface seawater heat structure in the eastern and western Pacific presents two ℃obviously different characteristics: warm pool ( > 28 ) in the western equatorial Pacific and cold ℃tongue ( < 24 ) in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The water bodies of these two heat structures would give rise to change in spatial distribution under the action of the equato… 相似文献
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印度洋上层海气相互作用对印度洋和太平洋气候系统有重要影响。目前针对印度洋气候态环流特征已有较为全面的研究,但针对印度洋环流的年际变化及其季节性差异的特征分析和具体作用机制,仍缺乏深入的研究。本文利用1979—2007年Simple Ocean Data Assimilation(SODA)再分析资料研究了赤道印度洋表层辐合辐散的年际变异及其季节依赖性。结果表明,以赤道为中心,印度洋上层异常海流,在经向上形成显著的辐合(辐散)现象,究其原因主要是赤道纬向风异常形成的Ekman流所导致。进一步分析表明,热带印度洋异常纬向风的成因与太平洋-印度洋的热力强迫过程作用有关,并且不同的热力强迫过程呈现出显著的季节差异性。此热力强迫过程,具体可分为3种类型:第一类是太平洋纬向海表热力差异的遥强迫作用,主要发生在冬末春初,热带太平洋的纬向热力差异通过调节Walker环流,在印度洋激发出一个异常的次级环流,对应的大气低层形成纬向风异常;第二类是东-西印度洋海表热力差异的局地强迫作用导致的局地环流,使赤道印度洋上空形成纬向风异常,此过程在春末夏初较为显著;第三类是太平洋-印度洋热力差协同作用的结果,使赤道印度洋盛行异常的纬向风,此过程在秋季起主导作用。 相似文献
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热带西太平洋暧池幅员广阔,是全球大洋表层温度(SST)最高的海域(Philander,1990),也是全球大气运动最主要的热源地,它的维持和变化对全球天气和气候的变化起着关键性的作用。
近年来,热带西太平洋暖池已成为科学家关注的热点研究课题。随着多项国际性实验研究在暖池域的开展,许多学者对热带西太平洋暖池的形成机制、与ENSO的关系,以及暖池的变化对东亚气候的影响等方面进行了研究,取得了一些有意义的成果。然而迄今有关热带西太平洋暖池本身主要特征的研究却较少,除Wyrtki(1989)和Luksa等(1987)对暖池的某些特征作过初步研究外,尚未见有专文报道。本文利用1950-1990年间的1，7月SST资料,冬、夏季137°E(1967-1992)断面和夏季155°E(1972-1979,1987-1991)断面的观测结果以及其它有关资料,对热带西太平洋暖池的主要海洋学特征进行分析,以期对暖池的特征进行更深入的探讨。
目前在现有的实测资料分析中对暖池并没有一个统一的定义。本文关于暖池的定义采用Wyrtki(1989)提出的标准,即热带西太平洋暖池是指热带太平洋西部水温高于28℃的暖水域,它的边界除西部以菲律宾至新几内亚的岛群连线为界外,均以28℃等温线确定。 相似文献
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Effects of interannual salinity variability on the dynamic height in the western equatorial Pacific as diagnosed by Argo 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
In this paper, interannual variations of the ocean dynamic height over the tropical Pacific are diagnosed using three-dimensional temperature and salinity fields from Argo profiles, with a focus on the... 相似文献
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Including significant warming trend, Arctic climate changes also exhibit strong interannual variations in various fields, which is suggested to be related to El Ni?o and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. Previous studies have demonstrated the different impacts on the Arctic of central Pacific (CP) and eastern Pacific (EP) ENSO events, and suggested these impacts are largely of opposite sign for ENSO warm and cold phases. Our results illustrate asymmetrical changes for the cold and warm ENSO events, especially for the La Ni?a events. Compared to the past frequent basin-wide cooling La Ni?a events, since the 1980s the cooling center for the La Ni?a event has strengthened and moved westward along with the increasing frequency for the canonical and CP La Ni?a events. Contrary to the basin-wide cooling and canonical La Ni?a events, the frequent CP La Ni?a events induce significant warming from the Beaufort Sea to Greenland via the convection center moving northward over the western Pacific. Observation analysis and numerical experiments both suggest that the changes in La Ni?a type may also accelerate Arctic warming. 相似文献