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A recent comprehensive survey covering 125 sites in Hong Kong waters recorded 29 soft coral species in 14 genera, 38 species of gorgonians in 19 genera and six species of black corals in two genera. Environmental variabilities based on water quality data collected by Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department were analyzed using multivariate statistics to find variables that are significantly correlated with coral distribution patterns. Eleven water quality zones with similar environmental variabilities were recognized, which could further be classified into five groups, namely Inner Bay, Outer Bay, Eastern, Western and Southern waters. LINKTREE analysis provided an overall trend indicating the importance of salinity, sediment and nutrient loadings in affecting octocoral and black coral distribution from west to east of Hong Kong waters, and from inner to outer bays. Furthermore, water turbidity and wave exposure could also affect the coral distribution patterns from north, northeast to southern waters. 相似文献
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Liliana García Isabel Pardo John S. Richardson 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2014,76(1):29-40
We studied two forested, headwater streams to compare patterns of invertebrate community structure and consequences for ecosystem functioning in two temperate locations, Galicia (NW Spain) and Vancouver (SW Canada). The two sites were selected due to the similar dominance of congeneric invertebrate species, as well as similarity in their hydromorphological and physico-chemical characteristics. Field experiments tested for similarities and dissimilarities in the invertebrate community assembly in leaf packs in streams. Our results indicated that alder leaves always decomposed faster than eucalyptus leaves, from threefold higher in Galicia to tenfold in Vancouver. At the species level, the biogeographic factor was the main source of variation on invertebrate assemblages (84.9 %), but this percentage quickly decreased at higher levels of taxonomic resolution, i.e. family. Moreover, there was a strong leaf species influence in both sites. There were more invertebrates colonizing leaves (per unit mass) in Vancouver than in Galicia (fourfold on average), though alder leaves seemed to be always the preferred resource (5.5-fold higher density on average). Regardless, a similar trophic structure was found between sites and leaf species. Brillia spp. and Corynoneura spp., a shredder and a collector-gatherer, respectively, seemed to be the most important species and showed similar colonization patterns in both sites with potential to strongly influence the leaf processing and nutrient cycling in these ecosystems. Even though our results are limited to the similarity found between only two sites, results from other studies, where the same species have been found coexisting during leaf pack processing, reinforces our results that common rules and mechanisms determine patterns of key ecological processes on a biogeographical scale. 相似文献
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Difference of mercury bioaccumulation in red mullets from the north-western Mediterranean and Black seas 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The relationships between total mercury (Hg) concentration and stable nitrogen isotope ratio (δ15N) were evaluated in Mullus barbatus barbatus and M. surmuletus from the Mediterranean Sea and M. barbatus ponticus from the Black Sea. Mercury concentration in fish muscle was six times higher in the two Mediterranean species than in the Black Sea one for similar sized animals. A positive correlation between Hg concentration and δ15N occurred in all species. Increase in Hg concentration with δ15N was high and similar in the two Mediterranean fishes and much lower in the Black Sea species. Since this was neither related to trophic level difference between species nor to methylmercury (MeHg) concentration differences between the north-western Mediterranean and the Black Sea waters, we suggested that the higher primary production of the Black Sea induced a dilution of MeHg concentration at the base of the food webs. 相似文献
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G. L. Ray 《Marine pollution bulletin》2000,40(12):99-1200
Dredged materials have been used to construct two mudflats near Jonesport, Maine (USA). A flat at Sheep Island was constructed in 1989 and along with an adjacent reference area (REF) has been monitored for infaunal assemblage development and sediment texture since 1990. The second site, Beals Island, an example of a much older constructed flat (CF), has been monitored since 1991. Infaunal taxa richness, total numerical abundance, species composition, and diversity values were similar between the Sheep Island natural and constructed sites within two years of construction. At Beals Island, taxa richness and other diversity measures were similar between sites, however, abundance and total biomass values were lower at the constructed site. Although total biomass was also lower at the Sheep Island CF than its REF, biomass values at both constructed sites (Sheep Island and Beals Island) were within the range of values previously reported for natural flats. 相似文献
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The European water framework directive (WFD) aims at achieving good ecological status of water bodies, which implies assessment of their current ecological quality status in respect to defined reference (pristine) conditions. In this paper, two historical biodiversity datasets (from 1920s and 1950s) and results from the recent inventory are used to trace the long-term changes of the macrozoobenthos in the eutrophic boreal lagoon of the Baltic Sea.In comparison of datasets the highest congruence was obtained for molluscs and malacostracan crustaceans, which also had a similar level of taxonomic emphasis between studies. Considering inconsistencies in methodology and taxonomic determination, only few species extinctions in these groups did likely occur during the last 100 years. Two amphipod species (Gammarus pulex and Gammarus lacustris) were not found during the recent survey, whereas five new species of this taxonomic group occurred in the lagoon since 1950s. The causes of these extinctions remain unclear; however displacement by established new amphipods cannot be excluded. Theodoxus fluviatilis was recently recorded in the very restricted area of the lagoon, while in earlier studies the species was mentioned as common and widely distributed in the water body. On the other hand, 10 gastropod species and 9 bivalves were reported for the first time in the lagoon and most likely have been overlooked in earlier surveys. Approximately 10% of the species have their origin outside the Baltic Sea basin and the number of invasions considerably exceeds the number of likely extinctions. Assessment scheme of such changes is unclear following WFD guidelines, therefore elaboration of a framework for evaluation of the alien species diversity in a context of local biodiversity should attain more effort when implementing the WFD. 相似文献
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Marc Peipoch Esperança Gacia Alba Blesa Miquel Ribot Joan L. Riera Eugènia Martí 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2014,76(2):203-215
We examined the relevance of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) forms (nitrate and ammonium) in stream water as N sources for different macrophyte species. To do this, we investigated the variability and relationships between 15N natural abundance of DIN forms and of four different macrophyte species in five different streams influenced by inputs from wastewater treatment plants and over time within one of these streams. Results showed that 15N signatures were similar in species of submersed and amphibious macrophytes and in stream water DIN, whereas 15N signatures of the riparian species were not. 15N signatures of macrophytes were generally closer to 15N signatures of nitrate, regardless of the species considered. Our results showed significant relationships between 15N signatures of DIN and those of submersed Callitriche stagnalis and amphibious Veronica beccabunga and Apium nodiflorum, suggesting stream water DIN as a relevant N source for these two functional groups. Moreover, results from a mixing model suggested that stream water DIN taken up by the submersed and amphibious species was mostly in the form of nitrate. Together, these results suggest different contribution to in-stream N uptake among the spatially-segregated species of macrophytes. While submersed and amphibious species can contribute to in-stream N uptake by assimilation of DIN, macrophyte species located at stream channel edges do not seem to rely on stream water DIN as an N source. Ultimately, these results add a functional dimension to the current use of macrophytes for the restoration of stream channel morphology, indicating that they can also contribute to reduce excess DIN in streams. 相似文献
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At four typical sections of the stream Kossau Diptera were caught by emergence traps. Two of the sections can be regarded as to a great degree undisturbed due to their morphology and vegetation at the banks. Two sections have undergone various anthropogenic changes. Representatives of the families Chironomidae, Ceratopogonidae, Psychodidae, Limoniidae, Ptychopteridae, Dixidae, Culicidae, Simuliidae, and Empididae were collected. Altogether, 106 species were identified. The majority of species belong to the family Chironomidae (74), followed by the Ceratopogonidae (8), Psychodidae, and Empididae (7 each). The numbers of species collected at each stream section ranged from 56 to 69. At the undisturbed and shaded sections 69 and 66 species were found, at the meadow sections 56 and 68 species. Hence, a general connection between the loss of a state close to the natural environment and the number of species can not be stated.A total of 29,349 Diptera emerged. The highest number of individuals was found at a stream section covered with aquatic macrophytes (16,797 ind.), the lowest at a forest section without macrophytes (2,554 ind.). The Chironomidae make up for more than 82% of all Diptera. The Simuliidae rank second accounting for 3 to 17%, followed by the Ceratopogonidae. Like the Ceratopogonidae, all other families comprise less than 1% of the individuals collected.Only a few species demonstrated a distinct preference for the two forest sections of the stream, whereas about 50% of the species occurred in at least three of the four sections. Regarding the species represented by more than two individuals per emergence trap, it became apparent that the correspondence between the forst and the meadow sections is rather small.A comparison of the emergence of individual families revealed that many species found in the Kossau also occur in another lowland stream, similar to the Kossau concerning width, current velocity, and water level. Furthermore, the ecological demands of several species turned out to be not as high as they were considered to be, mainly referring to the temperature: Species proven in the Kossau and in other summer-warm streams may no longer be regarded as ‘cold-stenothermic’. 相似文献
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《Limnologica》2015
Submerged macrophyte detritus is a major component of the organic matter entering shallow lakes. Plant litter decomposition is a complex process that is mediated by microorganisms and some invertebrates. However, the role that aquatic organisms play in the decomposition of macrophytes in shallow subtropical lakes is unclear. This study compared the decomposition rates of Potamogeton pectinatus and Chara zeylanica in a shallow lake (southern Brazil) and assessed the fungal biomass and the macroinvertebrate community associated with the detritus. Aliquots of both species were incubated in litter bags and placed in the lake. After 1, 7, 20, 40, 60, and 80 days of incubation, one set of litter bags was removed from the lake. In a laboratory, plant material was washed for the determination of decomposition rates, chemical characterisation, and quantification of microorganisms and invertebrates. After 80 days of incubation, there was no C. zeylanica detritus, with a decomposition that was four times faster than that of P. pectinatus. The chemical composition was also different between the two detritus, with P. pectinatus showing a higher concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter, polyphenols, and carbon. The fungal biomass was similar between the two species. In total, 7502 invertebrates belonging to 27 taxa were sampled in this study. The composition and abundance of invertebrates was different between the two species. In conclusion, the chemical structure of the macrophyte species studied was important for the microorganisms’ and invertebrates’ colonisation. In addition, leaching had an important function in the initial degradation process. 相似文献
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Christopher P. Stocker Derek J. Siveter Philip D. Lane Mark Williams Tatsuo Oji Simon R. Wallis Gengo Tanaka Toshifumi Komatsu David J. Siveter Thijs R. A. Vandenbroucke 《Island Arc》2019,28(2)
Six major groups of trilobites from the Silurian and Devonian of Japan are evaluated for their paleobiogeographical signature. Silurian illaenids and scutelluids show four generic‐level and at least two species‐level links with the Australian segment of the Gondwana paleocontinent; encrinurids also indicate two generic‐level links with Australia and also the South China paleocontinent; whilst Devonian phacopids, and possibly proetids, suggest at least two generic‐level links with the North China paleocontinent. These different patterns may reflect the fragmentary biostratigraphical record of Japanese trilobites, but they also appear to reflect paleoenvironmental parameters associated with lithofacies, and paleoecology. Thus, Japanese assemblages of proetids and phacopids occurring in deep‐water clastic lithofacies have counterparts in similar settings in North China, and Japanese scutelluids and illaenids are strongly associated with shallow marine carbonate lithofacies that are similar to those of their occurrences in Australia. Japanese encrinurids occur in carbonate rocks indicative of shallow marine settings in the Kurosegawa Terrane, and they demonstrate a consistent paleobiogeographical affinity with Australia and South China. Larval ecology cannot be directly assessed for Japanese trilobite groups. However, proetids have consistently been shown to have planktonic protaspides, whereas illaenids, scutelluids, and encrinurids have benthic protaspides. Planktonic protaspides would have a greater propensity for distribution in ocean currents than benthic ones, and therefore may be of more limited paleobiogeographical utility. The combined data from the six different groups indicates that the complex paleobiogeographical patterns of the Japanese trilobite assemblages need to be interpreted with caution, and similarity of taxa does not necessarily denote paleogeographical proximity to other regions. 相似文献
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以无震时期细菌群落及水文化学元素信息为背景,阐明有感地震时的泉水细菌群落映震特征． 2010年12月——2011年4月,乌鲁木齐周边先后发生了MS3.1和MS3.6两次有感地震．本文采用末端限制性片段长度多态性法(T-RFLP)分析了该时间段内乌鲁木齐10号泉中细菌群落结构、多样性、稳定性、优势类群及特殊类群变化特征．结果表明,水文地球化学指标对有感地震不敏感,泉水细菌群落结构稳定,地震对其优势类群及多样性影响均不显著,但无震时期部分类群（以82,170, 176, 462 bp为代表）在前后两次地震中丰度变化趋势相似,即震前有小幅上升,震后1——12天内出现极大值,之后丰度逐渐恢复至较低水平,且表现出与震级、震中距具有一定相关性．这表明部分泉水细菌对有感地震映震灵敏． 相似文献
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Two very similar species of freshwater snails,Lymnaea auricularia andL. peregra coexist in Lake Zürich. We examined their diets to determine possible differences. Microscopic analysis of stomach and hind gut contents revealed no marked differences between the diets of the two snail species collected from the same substrate. However, in both species we found significant differences between the composition of the substrate and that of the stomach contents, using discriminant analysis. We conclude that both species of snails feed preferentially on patches of favourable food supply and that their diets overlap almost totally. The coexistence of the two species under these conditions suggests that food does not limit their density in the area studied. 相似文献
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《Limnologica》2020
In this study, we examine multiple trophic levels in two Central European rivers (the Dyje and Elbe) to assess whether round goby invasion has changed the pattern of total mercury (Hg) transfer through trophic levels. In the absence of comparable historical data, we also examined levels for European gudgeon, a native benthic species occupying a similar trophic niche to round goby.Our data clearly indicated bioaccumulation of total Hg with increasing trophic position in both rivers. Patterns were very similar in both rivers, with no significant difference in total Hg accumulation between round goby and gudgeon. Biomagnification factors were high for gobies (highest in the Elbe) and relatively low for perch (higher in the Dyje), with levels for burbot (Dyje only) similar to those for gobies. Goby dietary analysis revealed a clear preference for benthic macroinvertebrates in both rivers, with zebra mussels taken only occasionally. Both perch and burbot had an omnivorous diet, effectively “diluting” total Hg accumulation from benthivorous fish. Our results indicate that goby invasion has not altered the pattern of trophic contaminant transfer and, consequently, has not increased threat levels to top predators and humans. Our results corroborate findings from around Europe suggesting a preference for macroinvertebrates over zebra mussels and provide further evidence for case-specificity regarding potential round goby impacts on recipient systems. 相似文献
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Possible xenoestrogenic effects were investigated, for the first time, in two bivalve species from the Lagoon of Venice (Italy): the clam Tapes philippinarum and the cockle Cerastoderma glaucum. Bivalves were collected far from their reproductive phase at the very early stage of gametogenesis (January), and in the pre-spawning period (June) in six sites. Vitellogenin (Vg)-like proteins (a biomarker of exposure to estrogenic compounds) were measured by the alkali-labile phosphate method (ALP), in both haemolymph and digestive gland from males and females (when it was possible to distinguish sex by microscopic observation of gonadal tissue). Haemolymph calcium concentrations (a parameter considered closely related to the presence of Vg-like proteins) and the bivalve condition index (CI) were also measured. In both seasons, bivalves collected at Campalto (near a sewage treatment plant) and Marghera (a highly contaminated area) had higher Vg-like protein levels, particularly in haemolymph, than animals from the other sampling sites. Interestingly, CI had high values in these polluted sites. In June only, Vg-like proteins and Ca(2+) levels in haemolymph exhibited similar trends in both bivalve species at most sampling sites. The responsiveness of bivalves to environmental xenoestrogens was higher in June, allowing better discrimination among sites. The present study demonstrates that animals from highly polluted areas have increased Vg-like protein levels. As endocrine disruption due to exposure to estrogenic compounds may cause fertility reduction, alterations in the sex ratio, and a decrease in reproductive rate, a condition of potential risk for bivalve populations in estuarine areas is highlighted. 相似文献
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K. Vermonden R. S. E. W. Leuven G. van der Velde A. J. Hendriks M. M. van Katwijk J. G. M. Roelofs E. C. H. E. T. Lucassen O. Pedersen K. Sand-Jensen 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2010,72(3):379-389
Biodiversity in urban areas is affected by a multitude of stressors. In addition to physico-chemical stress factors, the native
regional species pool can be greatly reduced in highly urbanized landscapes due to area loss and fragmentation. In this study,
we investigated how macrophyte composition and diversity in urban water systems are limited by the regional species pool and
local environmental conditions. Canonical correspondence analysis of the macrophyte species composition revealed that urban
and semi-natural water systems differed and differences could be related to local abiotic variables such as pH and iron concentrations.
Macrophytes in the semi-natural area were typical for slightly acid and oligotrophic conditions. In urban water systems, exotic
species characteristic of eutrophic conditions were present. In the semi-natural areas, the number of macrophyte species exceeded
the number of species expected from species–area relationships of artificial water bodies in rural areas. In urban areas,
the number of macrophyte species was similar to artificial water systems in rural areas. Macrophyte species present in the
study areas also were generally found within 20–30 km distance to the study area. Macrophyte species composition in urban
water systems and semi-natural water systems appeared to be influenced by the regional species pool within approximately 30 km
of the locations. Nevertheless, site limitation ultimately determined the local macrophyte species composition and diversity
in urban water systems and in semi-natural water systems. 相似文献
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湖南沅水五强溪水库鱼类资源现状及其历史变化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
水电工程对鱼类生境和资源多样性具有重大的影响.于2012年4月-2014年3月,对湖南省沅水五强溪水库鱼类资源进行调查,以了解五强溪水库建成20年后鱼类资源的现状及多样性变化.结果表明,在五强溪水库共采集鉴定鱼类86种(包括引进种5种),隶属7目18科58属.种类组成以鲤形目种类数最多,占总种类数的66.28%.在五强溪水库库尾、库区和坝下江段,鱼类物种数分别为54、67和52,其中,库区与坝下江段之间鱼类群落为中等相似,库区与库尾、库尾与坝下江段之间鱼类群落为中等不相似.在生态类型上,水库鱼类呈现多样化特征,以湖泊定居性、杂食性和底栖性鱼类居多,分别占总种类数的68.60%、55.81%和41.86%.各江段渔获物组成存在一定差异,但黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)、鲤(Cyprinuscarpio)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、蒙古鲌(Culter mongolicus)等在各江段均占有较高比例.渔获物产量和规格以库区较高,库尾、坝下江段偏低,鱼类小型化现象明显.与五强溪水库建成前相比,本次调查水库库区江段鱼类种类减少46种,降幅为40.71%,一些常见经济鱼类如鳤(Ochetobius elongatus)、白甲鱼(Onychostoma sima)、瓣结鱼(Brevifilis brevifilis)、长吻鮠(Leiocassis longirostris)等没有发现. 相似文献
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为了解水力调度对轮虫群落结构的影响,于2016年8月-2017年7月对调水水源相同而水力调度模式不同的两座水库（直流型水库和中等水力滞留时间水库）的轮虫种类、生物量及环境因子进行逐月观测.两座水库中共鉴定出轮虫37种,常见属为臂尾轮属（Brachionus）、异尾轮属（Trichcerca）、龟甲轮属（Keratella）、三肢轮属（Filinia）和多肢轮属（Polyarthra）,它们的种类数分别占直流型水库和中等水力滞留时间水库所检出轮虫总种类数的58%和64%.两座水库轮虫种类虽基本一致,但轮虫优势种（相对生物量大于10%）有较大差异.直流型水库轮虫优势种以角突臂尾轮虫（Brachionus angularis）、镰状臂尾轮虫（B.falcatus）、裂足臂尾轮虫（B.diversicornis）、剪形臂尾轮虫（B.forficula）、截头皱甲轮虫（Ploesoma truncatum）、尖尾疣毛轮虫（Synchaetidae stylata）和真翅多肢轮虫（Polyarthra euryptera）为主;中等水力滞留时间水库主要以卜氏晶囊轮虫（Asplanchna brightwelli）、裂足臂尾轮虫（B.diversicornis）和镰状臂尾轮虫为轮虫优势种.两座水库Bray-Curtis相异系数为0.42~0.77,表明轮虫群落结构差异较大.冗余分析表明,叶绿素a浓度和温度是影响两座水库轮虫群落结构的重要因素.两座水库轮虫群落结构的Bray-Curtis相异系数与基于叶绿素a浓度和水温的环境欧氏距离呈显著正相关（Radj2=0.426,P<0.05）.结果表明,虽然具有相同的调水水源,但由于两座水库的水力调度不同,叶绿素a浓度和水温有显著差异,轮虫群落结构趋于相异. 相似文献