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1.
晚中生代一系列的构造运动使中国东部的地形、地貌发生了巨大的改变,形成了“东高西低”的地貌格局。关于白垩纪中国东部是否存在高原或山脉仍存在争议,故对高原或山脉的演化过程、古高程以及其延伸范围等方面仍需进一步的研究。笔者收集了白垩纪中国各地的双气囊花粉和喜干植物花粉的孢粉数据,通过它们百分含量的变化来分析中国东部的古植被演替和古气候演变,为白垩纪中国东部地形地貌的解读提供证据。孢粉分析表明,白垩纪中国大致分为3个气候区:东北地区为温暖湿润的亚热带—暖温带气候区;北方地区为半干旱的热带—亚热带气候过渡区;南方和西藏、新疆地区为炎热干旱的热带—亚热带气候区。在古气候分析的基础上,根据孢粉数据对白垩纪中国东部地貌进行解读,结果显示:早白垩世早期中国东北地区存在1个高海拔地貌区;早白垩世东部沿海地区可能存在1个较高海拔的山脉,范围大致在闽浙地区;晚白垩世早期,中国东部海岸山脉范围达到最大;晚白垩世最晚期至古新世最早期,中国东部山脉逐步垮塌。推测至古新世早期,中国东部山脉基本已经消失。 相似文献
2.
根据大量的钻井和露头资料,对塔里木盆地早白垩世沉积相特征和古地理进行了研究。塔里木盆地下白垩统主要发育冲积扇-扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、氧化宽浅湖泊等3种沉积体系,包括陆相冲（洪）积扇、扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、滨浅湖等沉积相,分布于下白垩统不同层位。塔里木盆地早白垩世主要包括塔东北和塔西南两大沉积区,总体为干旱氧化的内陆拗陷分割盆地。在塔东北沉积大区,早白垩世早期卡普沙良群沉积物受周缘4大物源区控制,为多物源的氧化宽浅湖盆环境,古地势呈“南高北低、东高西低”,盆地边缘以冲（洪）积扇、扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲相为主,盆地内部为滨浅湖亚相。早白垩世晚期巴什基奇克组沉积时期,塔里木盆地周缘进入一个新的构造活动期,古气候更加炎热干旱,氧化宽浅湖盆消失。在塔东北沉积大区,盆地受周缘4个主要物源区影响,以广泛分布的冲积扇-辫状河三角洲沉积体系占主体,盆地内部普遍为辫状河三角洲前缘-滨浅湖亚相沉积。在塔西南沉积大区,早白垩世克孜勒苏群沉积时期古地势呈“东高西低”,受北部喀什北山前和西南部古昆仑山2个物源区的控制,沉积物沿古昆仑山前呈狭长的条带状分布,沉积厚度自西向东减薄,主要是一套冲积扇-扇三角洲相和滨浅湖亚相沉积。 相似文献
3.
松辽盆地白垩纪古气候特征及其变化机制 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文综合研究了松辽盆地白垩纪古气候的沉积记录、孢份古植物群记录及碳、氧同位素地球化学特征，得出了松辽盆地白垩纪古气候的演变规律。并认为碳族国与古气候旋回有密切的对应关系，大气中ＣＯ＿２含量的变化是古气候变化的根本原因。每一温暖时期的开始都与大气中ＣＯ＿２含量的增加有关，随着固碳作用的增强，温室效应削弱。碳旋回是古气候变化的重要机制。 相似文献
4.
松辽盆地白垩纪湖泊水体温度与古气候温度估算 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
湖泊沉积物沉积的第一场所是湖底,湖底温度的高低影响沉积有机质的保存,也影响湖底下部地层的温度。了解古水体温度尤其是古水底温度情况成为评估松辽盆地白垩系生物气勘探前景的必要研究内容之一。根据已有的古气候研究成果与现今气候对比,得出白垩纪松辽盆地年平均气温约为14~24℃。再根据水库温度的计算方法和利用已有的古纬度及古水深的研究成果计算得出,白垩纪松辽盆地古湖盆水体表面温度为17~25℃;水深大于20 m的深湖区,水底温度为6.2~12.5℃;湖底最深处温度为4.0~11.3℃;青山口组和嫩江组沉积时期,湖水分层明显,湖底温度季节性变化很小且温度较低,约为8℃。湖底的低温对松辽盆地白垩纪生物气勘探是有利的。 相似文献
5.
作者据海区和周边岛屿的地质、地球物理和钻井资料描述了东海的白垩纪-第三纪古地理。并绘制了该时期的系列古地理图，从而有可能归纳出东海在某些时期具有“南海北陆”，古地貌上犹如今日渤海-黄海陆缘海盆及其周边陆地环抱等特点。同时简略地讨论了海水进退和古气候，分析了东海东部活动大陆边缘构造背景出现的时间。 相似文献
6.
晚白垩世介形类壳体稳定同位素尝试——以松科1井南孔样品为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
白垩纪中期的全球温室气候引发的迅速同位素波动具有全球的同期性,可作为地质历史中气候变化的替代指标。在诸多陆相沉积体系中,湖泊沉积记录保存了相对连续的古气候信息,是恢复陆相高分辨率古环境和古气候演变的有利依据。松辽盆地为大型白垩纪沉积盆地,对其研究可以提供大陆内部的古气候信息。对白垩纪稳定同位素的研究常采用全岩样品的分析手段。然而,陆相湖盆同位素组成复杂,全岩样品难免受多种因素的干扰。尝试利用松科1井连续的介形类壳体为材料获取原生碳酸盐,为稳定同位素的高精度古气候恢复提供有效指标。尝试的首要工作是仔细开展采样分析、化石壳体挑选和受成岩影响样品的排除的每一步骤。在实体显微镜下精心剥离出纯净的化石壳体,然后对纯净壳体、含充填物壳体和围岩3种样品进行抽样对比,印证实验所用的介形类化石样品的可靠性,明确化石材料受成岩作用影响微弱。测试结果显示,松科1井介形类壳体碳氧同位素保存了长期连续的气候历史记录,深入研究能为中国甚至东亚白垩纪同期陆相研究提供稳定同位素标准序列。 相似文献
7.
松辽盆地白垩纪冰筏沉积的发现及其地质意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
冰筏沉积是负载沉积物的冰块在春夏之交筏运到海洋或湖泊中，冰块融化沉积物坠落所形成的。它们可见于高海拔具有明显气候垂直分带的低纬度地区或者是高纬度地区。在研究松辽盆地白垩纪古气候时，首次在泉头组红层中发现冰筏沉积。根据泉头组孢粉组合的研究表明，它们除了具有热带—亚热带植物的孢粉以外，还有少量喜冷分子混生现象。经研究这些矛盾现象，反映泉头组时期盆地外围地形高差大，形成明显的气候垂直分带现象，这是造成这些矛盾现象的主要原因。冰筏沉积的发现对松辽盆地古气候古地理的恢复皆具有十分重要的意义 相似文献
8.
地球表层系统是由岩石圈、大气圈、水圈和生物圈相互耦合和变化组成的复杂巨系统。白垩纪是地球表层系统研究的典范,在地球表层各圈层发生了众多重大地质事件。晚白垩世巨大的地幔热异常引起海底扩张速度变快,导致大量海底高原和海山的形成;同时,冈瓦纳大陆裂解,南北大西洋贯通,新的大洋水道形成,可能造成大洋环流格局的大变化。洋壳体积的增加可能使白垩纪海平面比现在高出200~300 m,大规模海侵也在晚白垩世中期达到最大范围。在这个过程中,火山作用释放出来的营养物质和火山气体的反馈作用造成的大量陆地营养物质的流入共同促使大洋水体富营养化和普遍缺氧,造成“大洋缺氧事件”。CO2浓度的升高（为现今的4~10倍）是火山排气作用的直接结果,其“温室效应”也被认为可能是促成白垩纪大气和海水高温的重要原因（高于现在10 ℃）。大洋红层（CORB）是最新提出并被广泛接受的白垩纪重要地质事件,被定义为一套分布在从外陆棚到CCD面之下深水盆地的,在富氧、低生产力和贫营养条件下较低速沉积形成的品红-红色-棕色的细粒远洋沉积物。这些发生于地球表层各圈层的重大地质事件以能量循环的方式（具体表现为C、S、P、H、O等元素循环）相互耦合和变化共同支撑着地球表层系统的运转。但是科学界对这些重大地质事件的成因机制及其所引起的全球变化性质还没有形成一致意见,原因之一就是缺乏对陆相沉积记录的研究。陆相白垩系的广泛发育和“松辽盆地白垩系科学钻探”工程的顺利实施共同构成了中国在白垩纪地球表层系统研究上的地域和材料优势,结合中国在白垩纪地球表层系统重大地质事件研究中已经形成的学术优势,从地球系统科学的角度出发,通过多学科交叉研究将是解决以上问题的关键。 相似文献
9.
松辽盆地白垩系青山口阶下部广泛分布一套富含有机碳的黑色泥岩、页岩沉积,它具有干酪根碳同位素正偏、重排甾烷含量低,普遍存在伽马蜡烷生物标志化合物等有机地球化学特征,代表了白垩纪温室效应时间窗内古湖泊贫氧环境条件下的沉积产物。结合生物地层研究成果,认为青山口阶下部曾发生过古湖泊缺氧事件,其层位大体可与白垩纪古海洋Cenomanian-Turonian界线事件层进行对比,由此提出了松辽盆地青山口阶下部的时代归属于晚白垩世Cenomanian晚期—Turonian早期的新观点。 相似文献
10.
北祁连东段石炭纪岩相古地理基本特征 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
本区早石炭世，秦岭海域海水以天水－静宁古海峡为通道侵入本区，向北、西超覆，形成“¬”型海湾环境，沉积了以海湾－泻湖微相及潮坪相为主夹少量碳酸盐台地相含煤岩系。晚石炭世，海侵进一步扩大，红土洼期－羊虎沟期为“¬”字型海湾；太原期，北祁连海与华北、华南及天山海域连成一片，沉积了滩相、潮坪相及三角洲相为主的含煤岩系。沉积作用向银川以北、武威以西超覆。 相似文献
11.
The marine Cretaceous of China is distributed mainly in southwestern Xinjiang, the West Kunlun Mountains, the Karakorum Mountains and most parts of Xizang (Tibet), with findings even from Taiwan.The marine Cretaceous of China may be divided into three sedimentary belts according to the lithologic and tectonic characters, biological provinces and the different modes of deposition.On the basis of recent research on the Cretaceous marine strata and faunas in China, the lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic sequences have been preliminarily established and the division and correlation of strata and boundaries between the Jurassic and Cretaceous, Lower Cretaceous and Upper Cretaceous, as well as Cretaceous and Tertiary outlined; the position of the beach line of the Laurasian landmass in China and the events of the tectonic movement and the transgression and regression during the Cretaceous period are discussed. 相似文献
12.
Early Cretaceous Paleoclimate Characteristics of China: Clues from Continental Climate-indicative Sediments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Cretaceous was one of the most remarkable ‘greenhouse' climate periods in geological history. Most of the reported studies of the Cretaceous paleoclimate are based upon marine sedimentary records. Large spatial scale paleoclimatic reconstruction, which has a higher time resolution based upon continental sediments in China, is rarely found. This study presents paleoclimate reconstruction for the six time periods of the Early Cretaceous in China by employing continental climate-indicative sediments, including calcareous deposits, coal, oil shale, gypsum, halite, desert sedimentary systems, ferruginous deposits and laterite, copper-bearing deposits, limestone and dolomite. Based on the distribution of the association of climate-indicative sediments and the influences of paleotopography and orogenic belts(or important structural belts) on climate, seven climatic zones have been identified: 1) a warm and humid zone; 2) a warm and humid-warm and arid zone; 3) a warm and arid zone; 4) an arid and hot zone; 5) the Tibet hot and humid zone; 6) a hot and arid-semiarid zone; and 7) a hot and humid-hot and arid one. It is found that the Early Cretaceous climatic zones of China were nearly latitudinally distributed from northwest to southeast. The aridhot climatic zone expanded in the Aptian, suggesting that a hotter and drier climate prevailed in later period of the Early Cretaceous. Conversely, the humid climatic zone expanded in the Albian, indicating that a wetter climate appeared at the end of the Early Cretaceous. The overall distribution pattern of the seven climatic zones indicates that a hot-warm and arid climate was predominant in China; this coincides with a global ‘greenhouse climate' background. However, palaeogeographic features and specific geologic events, such as the existence and disappearance of the eastern high plateau, and the uplift and denudation of Yinshan, Yanshan, Tianshan, Qinling and Dabie Mountains, led to distinctive regional climatic features of the Cretaceous in China. 相似文献
13.
14.
The Tibetan Plateau, largely derived from the accretion of several Gondwana microplates to the southern margin of Asia since the late Palaeozoic, is the highest and largest topographic relief on Earth. Although the first order geodynamic processes responsible for its pre-Cenozoic evolution are quite well-known, many issues are still debated, among which is the timing of collision of each terrane with the southern margin of Asia. Even more uncertain is the pre-Palaeozoic history of these terranes, due to the lack of basement exposures. As a contribution to understanding the pre-Cenozoic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau, this paper focuses on the Aghil Range, a remote and poorly investigated area close to the Karakorum Fault between Kunlun and Karakorum (Xinjiang, China) in western Tibet. The tectono-metamorphic and magmatic evolution of the Aghil Range is investigated using a multidisciplinary approach that combines field mapping, petrology and geochronology (UPb on titanite, zircon, monazite and xenotime using SHRIMP-RG). We demonstrate that the Aghil Range preserves a coherent slice of Neoproterozoic crystalline basement with a late Palaeozoic sedimentary cover deposited on a passive continental margin during the Gondwana break-up. This represents the westernmost exposure of Precambrian crystalline basement known so far in the Tibetan Plateau. Furthermore, petrological and geochronological results allow reconstructing the Mesozoic poly-metamorphic evolution of this sector of the Tibetan Plateau, which records the evidence of Middle Jurassic (ca. 170 Ma) and Late Cretaceous (66 Ma) collisional events, as well as of the Late Jurassic (ca. 150 Ma) early subduction of an accretionary complex developed on its southern margin. Evidence of Late Cretaceous subduction-related magmatism preceding the last collisional event is also recorded. These results allow tentative correlation of the different terranes of Central Tibet with those of the Pamir-Karakorum Range on both sides of the Karakorum fault. 相似文献
15.
华北—东北南部地区中生代中晚期粘土矿物与古气候 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
实验分析了华北－东北南部地区中侏罗统－白垩系泥质岩中粘土矿物的相对含量,说明了实验结果和作为古气候定性指针分析的可信度,总结了粘土矿物相对含量的时空变化及其古气候特征与演化,讨论了古气候变化与古地貌高地的关系。结果显示,伊利石既是各地也是各个层位最常见的粘土矿物,各区一般含量不少于20％,平均含量46.6％;其次是蒙脱石,在河南和山东的各个时期含量最低30％,平均达57.8％;高岭石和绿泥石只在山西较为丰富,其它各地相对少见;表明研究区中生代中晚期总体属于干冷气候环境,只在山西西部出现干冷－半湿热交替变化;证实古地貌高地“东部高原”的存在,但时空分布有所差异：时间上,它可始于中侏罗世并持续到白垩纪末期甚至古近纪;空间演化上分为两个阶段,早中侏罗世规模较小限于渤海湾之南,晚侏罗世—白垩纪扩大到东北南部和华北大部并呈南北向半弧形展布;认为东部高原对东北地区同期古气候没有影响,可能改变了冀北—辽西和豫西晚侏罗世和晚白垩世时期的古气候;指出东部高原物质可能在中侏罗世—早白垩世期间主要通过郯庐断裂南北两端已经消失了的入海口输送,白垩纪中期及之后则可能主要卸载到了周边盆地。 相似文献
16.
《China Geology》2018,1(3):402-414
As an important part of an epidermic system, terrestrial deposits can provide a good record of major geological events in the Cretaceous epidemic system. This article is a review of the geological background, paleogeography, paleoclimate, basin evolution and sedimentary characteristics in China through the Cretaceous period, in order to provide a comprehensive understanding for interested researchers. During the Berriasian-Hauterivian age, red-mainly fluvial and shallow lacustrine deposition developed under arid and semi-arid climates in westen China when eastern China had been occupied by the “East Plateau”. During the Barremian-Albian, age coal-bearing depositions occurred to the north of the Yanshan Mountain under the wet and warm climate. However, mainly red fluvial and shallow lacustrine depositions prevailed in most of the south to the Yanshan Mountain except basins where seawater could enter and caused mostly green depositions. During the Cenomanian-Santonian age, high land uplift took place in northwestern China. Mainly red deposition with developed alluvial plains occupied southwestern China and South China when the Songliao Basin was filled by black deep lacustrine mud shale caused by transgression. Mainly red deposition under an arid and semi-arid climate occupied all basins in China during the Campanian-Maastrichtian age. 相似文献
17.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(6):101454
Southeastern Eurasia is a global window to the Cretaceous paleoclimate and lithosphere coupling. China contains one of the most complete and complex sedimentary records of Mesozoic desert basins on planet Earth. In this study, we perform the spatio-temporal tracking of 96 Cretaceous palaeoclimate indicators during 79 Myr which reveal that the plateau paleoclimate archives from East Asia resulted from an Early to Mid-Cretaceous ocean–atmosphere coupling and a shift to a preponderant role of Late Cretaceous lithosphere dynamics and tectonic forcing on high-altitude depositional systems linked to the subduction margins of the Tethys and Paleo-Pacific realms beneath the Eurasian plate. The crustal response to tectonic processes linked with the spatio-temporal evolution of the Tethyan and Paleo-Pacific margins defined the configuration of major sedimentary basins on this region. The significant increase and decrease in the number of active sedimentary basins that occur during the Cretaceous, from 16 in the Early Cretaceous, to 28 in the Mid-Cretaceous, and a decreasing to 20 sedimentary basins in the Late Cretaceous, is a direct response of lithospheric dynamics associated with the two main subduction zones (Tethys and Pacific domains). A shift in subduction style from an Early Cretaceous Paleo-Pacific Plate slab roll back to a Late Cretaceous flat-slab mode might have triggered regional plateau uplift, blocked intraplate volcanism, thus enhancing the denudation and sediment availability, and created wind corridors that led to the construction and accumulation of extensive Late Cretaceous aeolian sandy deserts (ergs) that covered Mid-Cretaceous plateau salars. At the same time, plateau uplift associated with crustal thickening following terrane assembly in the Tethyan margin triggered altitudinal cryospheric processes in sandy desert systems. Evidence of an active Cretaceous cryosphere in China include Valanginian-Hauterivian glacial debris flows, Early Aptian geochemical signature of melt waters from extensive ice sheets, and Cenomanian–Turonian ice-rafted debris (IRD). These cryospheric indicators suggest an already uplifted plateau in southeastern Eurasia during the Cretaceous, and the marked correlation between cold plateau paleoclimate archives and marine records suggests a strong ocean-atmosphere coupling during Early and Mid-Cretaceous cold snaps. We thus conclude that lithospheric tectonics during Cretaceous played a fundamental role in triggering high-altitude basin desertification and spatio-temporal plateau paleohydrology variability in the Cretaceous of south-eastern Eurasia. 相似文献
18.
按照气温变化规律将中国气温变化划分为东北、华北北部、华东华南、华南、陕甘宁、川黔桂、新疆和滇藏高原区等8个分区。搜集有确切年代和气温数值的古气温记录1397条,以8个分区为单元进行整理,以日历年时间为坐标系,采用单样本区域订正—多样本平均集成法重建了东北、华北北部、华东华南、华南和滇藏高原区的全新世200 a分辨率连续集成气温序列。结果表明：5条分区连续气温序列与所在区域的高分辨率环境记录变化趋势基本一致,主要的百年尺度冷暖事件有较高的可比性;5条分区连续序列指示全新世气温变化可以分为明显的早期升温、中期大暖期和晚期变冷3个阶段;气温变化幅度区域差异较大,但主要的冷暖事件基本一致,暖期盛期发生在8～6ka BP,当时滇藏高原约比现代高2℃,东北高出3℃,华北北部高1.5℃,华东华南接近1℃,华南区仅高出0.5℃;主要冷事件发生在9.2、6.2、4.0和0.4 ka BP,其中,4.0 ka BP冷事件规模较大,滇藏高原、东北、华北北部、华东华南和华南区降低幅度分别为1.5、2、1、0.5和0.5℃。全新世期间各分区气温变化幅度也表现出纬度从北向南、海拔从高到低、气温变化幅度依次递减的特征。 相似文献
19.
古地势图主要恢复地质历史时期的地势分布,高地指示厚的地壳,而低地表明为正常厚度地壳或薄的地壳。中国三叠纪古地势图主要是根据不同类型花岗岩、金铜钨锡等矿床及古地理资料编制而成的。编图的结果表明,三叠纪中国可能存在5个高地,即：华北高原、北山山脉、羌塘-秦岭山脉、龙门山山脉和湖南山地。三叠纪的东北、北疆、华北和华南则为低地。研究表明,上述高地主要发育在晚三叠世,是陆块挤压碰撞的产物,表明晚三叠世的印支运动可能是中国大陆拼合的最重要时期。编图的结果表明,文中提出的关于古地势图编图的理论和方法是可行的。另外,文中还讨论了编图中存在的问题及进一步研究的建议。 相似文献
20.
Geology Along the Line from Yecheng to Shiquanhe and Tectonic Evolution of the Region Involved 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The geotraverse from Yecheng to Shiquanhe, on the western Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, totalling 1056 km in length, passes the western Kunlun Mountains and the eastern end of the Karakorum Mountains. The Chinese and French scientists made a joint investigation along the line from July to August, 1989. Based on the outcropped ophiolites, palaeontology, sedimentary facies, magmatism, tectonic deformation and metamorphism, the region involved may be divided from north to south into five terranes and four ophiolitic suture zones. The ages of these terranes have a tendency to become increasingly younger from north to south. 相似文献