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虚拟地理环境研究的兴起与实验地理学新方向 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
虚拟地理环境是一个可用于模拟和分析复杂地学过程与现象,支持协同工作、知识共享和群体决策的集成化虚拟地理实验环境与工作空间,是地理学研究的虚拟实验室,可为现代实验地理学研究提供科学方法和技术手段.本文阐述虚拟地理环境和实验地理学研究的发展过程及当前进展,探讨虚拟地理环境与虚拟地理实验对现代实验地理学研究的意义,并分析当前虚拟地理环境研究的关键问题及存在的误区.虚拟地理环境的兴起与发展为地理过程表达、地理知识获取、地理问题求解提供了新思路、新方法和新技术.实验地理学的研究方法可从野外考察与观测、室内物理模拟及地理数学建模和计算机模拟,拓展到虚拟地理环境平台下的虚拟地理实验. 相似文献
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虚拟地理实验概念框架与应用初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从实验科学与实验地理学的角度,结合空间信息与虚拟地理环境技术,讨论"虚拟地理实验"概念、特征及研究理论与框架.以辽宁浑河沈阳城市段防洪为案例,介绍虚拟地理实验在城市洪水模拟和防洪工程规划中的应用. 相似文献
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关于虚拟地理环境研究的几点思考 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
该文主要回答了目前被频繁问及的有关虚拟地理环境的几个问题。重点阐述了虚拟地理环境的概念、发展现状及其基本理论、方法、关键技术与应用,以及与传统地理信息系统的区别。指出虚拟地理环境是在空间数据库和地理模型管理基础上构建的、同时表达地理静态和模拟动态现象的、面向多用户的分布式协同虚拟环境。因此,虚拟地理环境突破地理信息系统以数据共享为核心的框架,走向以数据库和模型库为双核心的知识共享平台,进而形成一个新知识的生成环境。 相似文献
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本文从虚拟现实引入了虚拟地理环境概念,并介绍虚拟地理环境所具有的特征.从3个方面介绍当前虚拟地理环境应用研究探讨虚拟城市、虚拟企业、虚拟旅游. 相似文献
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当前虚拟地理环境应用研究探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文从虚拟现实引入了虚拟地理环境概念,并介绍虚拟地理环境所具有的特征.从3个方面介绍当前虚拟地理环境应用研究探讨：虚拟城市、虚拟企业、虚拟旅游. 相似文献
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基于虚拟地理环境的数字黄河研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
虚拟地理环境是人类社会环境和自然环境在计算机三维虚拟空间的映射,是近20年来随着信息技术进步而迅速发展起来的研究领域。“原型黄河”、“模型黄河”、“数字黄河”则是基于地理信息系统、三维可视化技术、现代遥感遥测技术和虚拟地理环境技术的发展而提出来的。通过概述“数字黄河”的研究意义、研究方法,探讨了“数字黄河”研究需要解决的关键技术问题,包括自然环境中“原型黄河”各有机组成部分在虚拟地理环境中的表达及行为描述,自然环境和人类社会环境对黄河具有重要影响的因子之间相互作用的计算机表达。以“数字河道模型”为例详细论述了“数字黄河”的重要组成部分,如“数字河道模型”、“数字流域模型”、“数字水库模型”和“数字河口模型”在虚拟地理环境的表达。 相似文献
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在当前人类大规模开发利用自然资源和发展工农业生产中,对人类生活的地理环境的分析研究愈来愈显得重要。与此相适应,用于地理环境信息的收集、存储、分析和制图的各种空间信息系统相继建立,为快速、科学地分析研究地理环境提供了先进的手段和方法。地理信息分析与制图系统是可为多种区域地理分析与规划服务的一种通用系统。 相似文献
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土壤侵蚀是地理环境各因子综合作用的结果。为了比较不同单元之间的土壤侵蚀与其他地理环境背景的空间关系，在计算土壤侵蚀综合指数的基础上，利用遥感和GIS技术，对不同地理环境背景下的土壤侵蚀进行了空间分析，主要参与的地理环境背景因子为：降雨量、植被、坡度、地貌类型。通过对土壤侵蚀不同类型及强度等级下的各地理环境背景分析，揭示出中国土壤侵蚀与其他地理环境背景的空间关系。 相似文献
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Guonian Lü Michael Batty Josef Strobl Hui Lin A-Xing Zhu 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(2):346-367
Great strides have been made in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) research over the past half-century. However, this progress has created both opportunities and challenges. From a geographic perspective, certain challenges remain, including the modelling of geographic-featured environments with GIS data model, the enhancement of GIS’s analysis functions for comprehensive geographic analysis and achieving human-oriented geographic information presentation. Several basic theoretical and technical ideas that follow the workflow and processes of geographic information induction, geographic scenario modelling, geographic process analysis and geographic environment representation are proposed to fill the gaps between GIS and geography. We also call for designing methods for big geographic data-oriented analysis, making best use of videos and developing virtual geographic scenario-based GIS for further evolution. 相似文献
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Lin Hui Gong Jianhua Xu Bingli Qi Hua 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):607-621
To improve the efficiency of planning and designing silt dam systems, this article employs theories and technologies of collaboration and distributed virtual geographic environments (VGEs) to construct a collaborative virtual geographic environment (CVGE) system. The CVGE system provides geographically distributed users with a shared virtual space and a collaborative platform to implement collaborative planning. Many difficulties have been found in integrating data resources and model procedures for the planning of silt dam systems because of their diversity in heterogeneous environments. Unlike most of the current distributed system applications, the proposed CVGE system not only supports multi-platform and multi-program-language interoperability in the dynamically changing network environment, but also shares programs, data and software in the collaborative environment. Based on creating a shared 3D space by virtual reality technology, agent and grid technologies were tightly coupled to develop the CVGE system. A grid-based multi-agent system service framework was designed to implement this new paradigm for the CVGE system, which efficiently integrates and shares geographically distributed resources as well as having the ability to build modelling procedures on different platforms. At the same time, mobile agent computing services were implemented to reduce the network load, process parallel tasks, enhance communication efficiency and adapt dynamically to the changing network environment. Using Java, JMF (Java Media Framework API), Globus Toolkits (GT) core, Voyager, C++, and the OpenGL development package, a prototype system was developed to support silt dam systems planning in the case study area, the Jiu-Yuan-Gou watershed of the Loess Plateau, China. Compared with the traditional workflow, the CVGE system can reduce the workload by between one third and a half. 相似文献
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Patrick J. Kennelly A. James Stewart 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(2):383-406
Sky models are quantitative representations of natural luminance of the sky under various atmospheric conditions. They have been used extensively in studies of architectural design for nearly a century, and more recently for rendering objects in the field of computer graphics. The objectives of this paper are to (1) describe sky models, (2) demonstrate how map designers can render terrain under various sky models in a typical geographic information system (GIS), (3) illustrate potential enhancements to terrain renderings using sky models, and (4) discuss how sky models, with their well-established standards from a different discipline, might contribute to a virtual geographic environment (VGE).
Current GIS hill-shading tools use the Lambertian assumption which can be related to a simple point light source at an infinite distance to render terrain. General sky models allow the map designer to choose from a gamut of sky models standardized by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). We present a computer application that allows the map designer to select a general sky model and to use existing GIS tools to illuminate any terrain under that model. The application determines the orientations and weights of many discrete point light sources that, in the aggregate, approximate the illumination provided by the chosen sky model. We discuss specific enhancements to terrains that are shaded and shadowed with these general sky models, including additional detail of secondary landforms with soft shadows and more realistic shading contrasts. We also illustrate how non-directional illumination models result in renderings that lack the perceptual relief effect. Additionally, we argue that this process of creating hill-shaded visualizations of terrain with sky models shows parallels to other geo-simulations, and that basing such work on standards from the computer graphics industry shows potential for its use in VGE. 相似文献
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Jeremy Mennis Michael J. Mason Yinghui Cao 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):267-291
Qualitative activity space data, i.e. qualitative data associated with the routine locations and activities of individuals, are recognized as increasingly useful by researchers in the social and health sciences for investigating the influence of environment on human behavior. However, there has been little research on techniques for exploring qualitative activity space data. This research illustrates the theoretical principles of combining qualitative and quantitative data and methodologies within the context of geographic information systems (GIS), using visualization as the means of inquiry. Through the use of a prototype implementation of a visualization system for qualitative activity space data and its application in a case study of urban youth we show how these theoretical methodological principles are realized in applied research. The visualization system uses a variety of visual variables to simultaneously depict multiple qualitative and quantitative attributes of individuals' activity spaces. The visualization is applied to explore the activity spaces of a sample of urban youth participating in a study on the geographic and social contexts of adolescent substance use. Examples demonstrate how the visualization can be used to explore individual activity spaces to generate hypotheses, investigate statistical outliers, and explore activity space patterns among subject subgroups. 相似文献
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地理事件作为描述地理过程的基本单元,逐渐成为地理信息科学（GIS）核心研究内容。由于受人类活动数据获取限制,GIS对地理事件的建模和分析主要关注事件所引起的地理空间要素变化及要素之间的相互影响与作用机制。然而,近年来随着基于位置服务数据（LBS）爆炸式的增长和人类活动大数据定量刻画手段的快速发展,地理事件对人类活动的影响以及公众对地理事件的网络参与度都引起了多个领域的广泛关注,对地理事件的时空认知、建模方法和分析框架提出了巨大的挑战。对此,本文首先深入分析了大数据时代地理事件的概念与分类体系;其次,基于地理事件的时空语义给出了基于图模型的事件数据建模,建立了事件本体及其次生或级联事件的“节点—边”表达结构,开展了事件自身时空演化及其前“因”后“果”的形式化描述;第三,从时空数据分析与挖掘的角度,给出了大数据时代地理事件建模与分析的整体框架,拟突破传统“地理实体空间”事件探测与分析方法的局限性,融合“虚拟空间”事件发现与传播模拟思路,实现多源地理大数据支撑下的面向地理事件的人类活动多尺度时空响应与区域差异分析;最后,本文以城市暴雨事件为例诠释了本文所提出的地理事件建模与分析方法,从城市和城市内部两个尺度进行了暴雨事件与人类活动的一致性响应及区域差异分析,得到了明确的结论,验证了前文分析框架的可行性与实用性。 相似文献
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理解地理“耦合”实现地理“集成” 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
“耦合”作为物理学的经典概念,为许多学科提供了一套阐述多主体相互作用的思路和方法。“集成”不是来自特定学科,但因其高度的概括能力被广泛应用于自然和人文科学领域。地球科学是应用这两个概念最多的学科之一。地理学作为自然与人文交叉学科,具有区域性、综合性和复杂性特征。在使用耦合概念时,不同地理分支具有不同的理解,为此,地理学者有必要明确界定不同学科、不同情景下耦合概念的内涵,从而更准确地探索陆地表层格局、过程和机制。首先,从地理要素耦合、地理空间耦合、地理界面耦合、地理空间尺度耦合、地理关系耦合、地理耦合解译六个方面,对地理耦合的内涵进行全面解析和界定,并给出了相应的研究实践案例。其次,从地理学的视角认识理解集成,并以“黑河流域生态—水文集成研究”重大研究计划的地理实践为例,介绍实现地理集成的基本路径。最后,提出理解地理“耦合”与实现地理“集成”之间的联系。 相似文献
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主题公园的虚拟表述不仅要追求与实际景观的视觉接近,更要描述景观结构、演变以及人地关系等景观的地理与生态内涵,但后一层次因缺少理论框架而少有研究.基于景观语义特征的虚拟地理环境思想可以很好的整合两种层次的建模需求.本文以水土保持科技示范园为例,提出了示范园区的虚拟表达对象体系,构建了依据景观特征语义的园区多细节层次模型(... 相似文献
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当代计算机、互联网、航天航空、自动化和传感网、环境和生态修复等技术发展很快,并渗透到许多基础与应用基础研究学科。以综合性、交叉性和区域性为特点的地理学借力于新技术应用,学科发展得到有力促进,突出表现包括：① 研究时空拓展到近实时和全球,基本解决异域和极端地理环境数据难获取问题;② 数据获取方式和渠道多样性促进了数据的爆发性增加,对规律和格局的分析从依赖有限时空表观信息发展到依靠新技术获取高时空动态数据开展大数据挖掘;③ 研究内容从静态知识获取、机理分析拓展到包括生态修复和环境治理等能动性的工作;④ 学科发展呈现领域拓展和新技术学科交叉趋势,地理学通过与新技术进一步融合发展获得新生命力。借助新技术和地理大数据“燃料”的注入,新时期地理科学发展将在全球和区域社会经济建设过程中通过提供“复方”解决方案而发挥重要的作用。 相似文献