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1.
《干旱区地理》2016,(1)
世界遗产监测是遗产保护的重要手段,世界遗产中心发布的遗产监测报告总结并评估遗产保护状况,分析各遗产地面临的主要威胁。基于遗产监测报告,在统计分析的基础上,提出威胁强度指数IOT,分析不同地区、类型遗产的威胁因素变化,发现:(1)管理和制度因素是各类和各地区遗产最主要的威胁。(2)由人类活动造成的威胁远大于自然灾害对各类型和各地区遗产的破坏。(3)不同类型遗产威胁强度最大的因素不同,自然遗产的受威胁强度最大。(4)各地区中,其他人类因素、自然资源开发、生物资源利用/改变是威胁强度最高的3种因素,非洲地区受威胁强度最高。(5)威胁最大的因素中,其他人类因素主要是非法活动,管理和制度因素则是缺乏完善合理的管理体系和保护管理规划。为更好应对世界遗产面临的各种威胁,应制定更为完善合理的遗产保护管理体系和标准,同时加强国际间技术、资金等的合作,广泛开展遗产教育,推动社区参与。 相似文献
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以非洲地区的世界遗产为研究对象,利用空间分析和数理统计方法,分析非洲地区世界遗产的现状及列入标准,在此基础上提出非洲地区世界遗产的申报建议。结果显示：1）非洲地区的世界遗产具有区域集聚、临近人口密集和经济发达地区、沿海岸线和沿河流分布的特征。2）在空间分布上具有明显的非均衡性,呈现出东多西少、北多南少的分布态势。3）该地区的世界遗产分布是自然环境、经济水平、人口数量、城镇化水平等多因素共同作用的结果。4）现有文化遗产多涉及文化景观、历史城镇和古代文明,预备项目在遗产线路类型有所补充。自然遗产多涉及生物栖息和地貌景观,预备项目仍旧仅有少量的地质遗迹。总的来说,非洲地区的世界遗产申报工作应该在自然遗产、混合遗产、跨国遗产方面努力,完善世界遗产申报机制,鼓励无世界遗产的缔约国申报遗产。 相似文献
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世界遗产是具有突出意义和普遍价值的文化和自然资源,其区域空间分布格局与交通可及性对遗产资源的综合规划和系统保护具有重要意义。本文以中国已申遗成功的53处(截止2018年12月)各类世界遗产为研究对象,采用探索性空间分析和空间句法等方法分析中国世界遗产的空间分布特征及其交通可及性。结果表明:(1)在空间格局上,世界遗产分布特征总体上呈带状、组团状,各类型世界遗产集聚区域差异明显。承载优越古代文明要素的文化遗产(包括双重遗产)集中于中东部地区;而以独特自然环境和地形地貌为优势的自然遗产集中分布在西南地区;(2)华中、华东、华北地区连接遗产资源的各类路网(高铁、普铁、国道和高速公路)的集成度和控制值2个指标明显优于西北和西南地区。北京、上海、武汉和西安等区域中心城市的路网控制值和连接值最优。长三角和珠三角地区的空运水运能力最为突出。路网结构密切影响着世界遗产的交通可及性;(3)文化遗产和双重遗产的交通通达指数较高,主要位于交通通达性指数等级的第一、二等级;而自然遗产的交通通达指数较低,主要属于第三等级;(4)山区地形和经济发展水平一定程度制约了我国遗产资源的交通可及性,并造成区域发展之间的不平衡;未来世界遗产申报管理中应该充分关注各遗产类型区域发展的不平衡性,并将其纳入当前国家尺度上的中国自然保护地体系建设规划与综合保护之中。 相似文献
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世界遗产缺乏对乡村类型遗产的划分导致对此类遗产特征与综合价值的把握不甚明确。乡村是由其所在地的自然基底要素、硬质要素和软质要素共同作用形成的综合体,记录了乡村人类活动的历史,表达了特定乡村地域的独特精神。文章筛选了28处独立且仍有人类活动的乡村世界遗产,通过梳理文献资料归纳了不同地域的乡村世界遗产特征,并且总结了乡村规划布局、文化艺术、杰出建筑和土地利用4大核心价值。进而指出,我国的乡村世界遗产申遗工作起步较晚,且地域局限、类型单一,未来乡村世界遗产申报可尝试从其他遗产亚类或者双遗产角度开展,发掘乡村地域的自然生态环境、手工业生产方式等价值,丰富我国乡村世界遗产类型和价值。并且,我国在城镇化进程中应当格外注重对乡村世界遗产的保护。 相似文献
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基于MCR模型的卡拉麦里地区生态安全格局变化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《干旱区地理》2021,44(5):1396-1406
随着生产力的发展,人类在开发活动中导致的植被破坏、水源污染、土壤污染等生态环境问题日益突出,人类活动与自然环境之间的矛盾和保障人类社会的可持续发展已经成为急需解决的问题。利用最小累积阻力模型(MCR)对1990—2019年卡拉麦里地区的生态安全格局变化规律进行分析,并结合元胞自动机-马尔可夫模型(CA-Markov)对2025年本地区的生态安全格局进行预测。结果表明:(1)将卡拉麦里地区的生态安全格局分为安全区、低安全区及不安全区,安全区的面积在2010—2015年萎缩至3237.31 km~2,主要转化为低安全区及不安全区,这一时期的人类活动严重影响到了本区的生态环境。(2)2019年,安全区面积为6265.91 km~2,低安全区及不安全区基本恢复为自然状态,生态治理工作取得良好效果。(3)预测可知,2025年卡拉麦里地区景观格局变化不大,仍以草地、未利用地为主。生态安全区面积6421.88 km~2,低安全区及不安全区面积有继续下降趋势。(4)在卡山保护区中部的交通路线附近形成了一条带状低安全区,将成为今后保护区生态监测与保护的重点区域。 相似文献
6.
世界遗产空间分布的统计分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
尹国蔚 《地理与地理信息科学》2009,25(4)
通过计算比例和密度,分析各大洲及全球世界遗产的分布特征。除欧洲和美洲外,各洲世界遗产的数量与面积呈正相关,欧洲、亚洲、非洲、美洲到大洋洲,总的遗产密度依次递减。与人口占全球人口比例相比,欧洲、大洋洲各类遗产较多,亚洲较少,美洲和非洲自然遗产较多。每千万人口总的世界遗产数量从大洋洲、欧洲、美洲、非洲到亚洲依次递减,欧洲、亚洲文化遗产最多,美洲、非洲文化与自然遗产相近,大洋洲自然遗产占优势。统计各纬度带遗产密度,除自然遗产密度低纬最高外,其他遗产密度中纬最高,低纬和高纬次之;各纬度带文化遗产最多,自然遗产居中,双重遗产最少。比较同一大洲同一纬线不同国家的遗产比例,沿海地区自然遗产密度高于内陆,文化遗产密度低于内陆。这些特征与近年世界遗产委员会评选世界遗产侧重某些类型和所在区域的原因相符。 相似文献
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世界遗产视野下的矿业遗产研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对世界遗产名录中矿业遗产的考察是认识该遗产类型、了解国际动向的有效途径。对ICOMOS颁布的《世界遗产中工业和技术遗产项目》名单进行分析,结合世界遗产委员会的项目评语,确定了24项世界矿业遗产。对这些项目研究表明：在登录标准上,世界矿业遗产主要通过文化遗产第ii项、第iii项和第iv项标准入选;在隶属区域上,欧洲北美地... 相似文献
8.
根据《保护世界文化和自然遗产公约》中有关世界遗产的定义和标准以及原真性和完整性原则,对黄河大堤与下游黄河的历史与现状、景观与科学内涵进行了初步的分析,认为黄河大堤与下游黄河可以考虑作为文化与自然双重遗产申报列入《世界遗产名录》。这是一个值得认真研究的问题。申报世界遗产如能成功,对黄河大堤与下游黄河的保护有很重大的意义。 相似文献
9.
特种遗产资源研究基本问题--中国世界遗产与国家公园研究形势与任务 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
特种遗产是本文对世界遗产与国家公园认定、保护、保存、展示和遗传后代的科学研究所作的理论概括,同时界定了特种遗产与特种遗产资源的概念,讨论了中国的特种遗产———世界遗产与国家公园研究形势,提出了特种遗产资源研究的8个基本问题。 相似文献
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中国荔波锥状喀斯特世界自然遗产价值全球对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究世界自然遗产地价值,对遗产地本身以及其他类似区域的可持续发展有重要意义。基于系统论思想,将"中国南方喀斯特"第一批三处遗产地中的荔波锥状喀斯特置于全球视角,选取相似的、具有代表性的区域,结合世界遗产第八条有关地质地貌特征与演化历史等方面的评价标准,进行全球对比分析,揭示其全球显著价值。研究表明:荔波锥状喀斯特具有更为独特的演化环境与更为复杂的地质演化过程;更有典型的锥状喀斯特单体形态与较为齐全的地貌组合类型,更有罕见的锥状喀斯特森林生态系统和生命记录。荔波锥状喀斯特是反映地球热带-亚热带锥状喀斯特演化历史主要阶段的典型范例,极具代表中国南方喀斯特的世界遗产价值。 相似文献
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基于社区参与的世界遗产地旅游开发与保护研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
社区参与是世界遗产地旅游可持续发展的重要因素,但如何将世界遗产地旅游开发与保护同当地社区有机结合起来,使社区主动参与遗产的开发和保护,从而实现社区及遗产的良性发展已备受学者关注。对此,通过对社区参与旅游研究综述,分析目前中国世界遗产保护与旅游开发中的问题,提出了参与规划决策、参与遗产保护等等社区参与遗产保护与旅游开发的途径,使世界遗产地旅游开发持续健康发展。 相似文献
13.
中国南部长城--苗疆长城的旅游开发与保护 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国“南部长城———苗疆长城”是珍贵的文化遗产 ,已成为湖南省西线旅游开发的一个热点。文中分析了“长城”沿线旅游资源赋存和旅游开发优势 ,认为要实现“苗疆长城”文化遗产保护与旅游开发的和谐一致 ,必须强化遗产保护意识 ,积极申报世界文化遗产 ,加强遗产管理 ,依靠科技进步 ,走可持续发展之路 相似文献
14.
Responding to common questions on the conservation of agricultural heritage systems in China 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Although the urgency of their conservation has been recognized, Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) designated by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) since 2002 and China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China- NIAHS) certified by the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) of China since 2012 are faced with questions as to why to conserve them, what is to be conserved, who should conserve them, and how? This paper attempts to clarify and respond to such questions focusing on the conservation of agricultural heritage systems in China based on a review of both theoretical and practical progress. Agricultural heritage systems exhibit a multitude of values for sustainable and equitable development and therefore should be conserved for both present and future generations. Unlike most conventional heritages, the conservation of agricultural heritage systems is a complex, systematic “engineering” in which both physical and biological components and associated socio-cultural processes should be conserved in a dynamic way. Farmers and heritage sites must benefit from the continuance of traditional agricultural production under the premise of ecological functions being sustained and traditional culture being inherited. For a more effective conservation, a multi- stakeholder process should be established involving governments at different levels, multi-disciplinary scientists, communities and farmers, and business enterprises as well as social organizations. As has been demonstrated, the conservation of agricultural heritage systems aims to promote the regional sustainable development, to improve the livelihood, food security and well-being of farm people, and to provide references for the development of modern agriculture in China. 相似文献
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Zhejiang Province, located in the Yangtze River Delta region, is representative of China's economically developed areas. It enjoys superior natural conditions and a long history of agriculture, and is a comprehensive agricultural area with integrated development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. It has nurtured the farming culture represented by Hemudu culture and Liangzhu culture, which have given rise to numerous precious Agricultural Heritage Systems. At present, Zhejiang Province has three of the world’s Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) and 12 China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS), so it not only has the largest number of heritages in China, but it has also attained remarkable achievements in heritage conservation. Taking Zhejiang Province as an example in combination with the rural revitalization strategy, this paper summarizes the achievements in the protection of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS) in Zhejiang Province during the past 15 years from the aspects of increasing farmers’ income, cultural Inheritance and industrial upgrading, as well as the conservation experiences in government promotion, community initiative, enterprise participation, technology driving and social linkage. Further, in view of the problems that exist in the current heritage protection,such as imperfect management of heritage sites, low participation of community residents, lack of special protection funds, and imperfect provincial management system,the following countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: (1) Improve the management mechanism for the conservation and development of Agricultural Heritage Systems; (2) Develop regional public branding of agricultural products in Agricultural Heritage System sites; (3) Increase the Agricultural Heritage System science education as well as cultural and creative product development; (4) Carry out the evaluation and recognition of IAHS at the provincial level; and (5) Provide substantial support and input to the conservation and utilization of IAHS. This study can provide some guidance for the conservation of IAHS in Zhejiang Province and it provides important reference for IAHS in the economically developed areas in China. 相似文献
16.
以甘肃河西内陆河流域为研究区域,在凸显水土保持综合措施作用的基础上,运用压力(Pressure)-状态(State)-响应(Response)模型,选取12个评价指标,用综合指数评价法对该地区的生态安全格局进行分析.结果表明:(1)研究区1986—2011年水土保持生态安全指数由0.4046(风险级)上升至0.5211(敏感级),呈现不断改善的趋势;(2)1986—2011年压力指数逐年减小,说明该区环境资源压力持续增大,基于水土保持综合措施的生态环境状态和响应指数自2001年明显增加,表明甘肃内陆河流域实施的水土保持综合措施建设具有一定的效果;(3)甘州区、金塔县、高台县以及玉门市的生态安全指数自2001年起略有下降,民勤县水土保持生态安全度虽有提升,但仍然处于恶化级. 相似文献
17.
I. I. Maksimova 《Geography and Natural Resources》2013,34(2):124-128
This paper is concerned with the implications of the status of World Natural Heritage Sites, the position of the Russian state on the issues related to observance of the provisions of the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, and the authorities-civil society relationships on these problems. An analysis is made of the possibilities of effectively using the world heritage institute in Russia in the interests of preserving world values. A number of legal and organizational measures for their conservation are suggested. 相似文献
18.
Tourism is often considered as one of the dynamic conservation and adaptive management approaches in Agricultural Heritage Sites. It has been over 15 years since the GIAHS programme was initiated in China, and tourism developed quickly in the Agricultural Heritage Sites, to some extent because many researchers consider tourism as a significant engine of the local economy. However, this is contrary to the original intention of agricultural heritage tourism as it was proposed in the first place. Apparently, there are some overt problems during the tourism development process, which are mainly as follows: Some threats to Agricultural Heritage Systems are ubiquitous; The tourism development mode in Agricultural Heritage Sites is questionable; Community involvement is difficult to implement; And the negative environmental impacts are easy to overlook. Under the context of global development, the UNWTO sustainable tourism criteria provide some guidance for agricultural heritage tourism. Based on the Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria, combined with previous survey experiences and related researches, this paper analyzes the tourism sustainability of all the 15 GIAHS sites in China, and explores the current sustainable tourism development level. On this basis, an agricultural heritage sustainable tourism development framework was built in an attempt to find the road to sustainability for agricultural heritage tourism. The framework in the global and local contexts is trying to connect all the important elements related to agricultural heritage tourism according to the UNWTO sustainable tourism criteria. 相似文献
19.
MIN Qingwen 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(4):437-443
Traditional agricultural heritage research has a very long history. Programme on “The conservation and adaptive management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)” initiative launched by FAO in 2002, aimed at not only preserving agricultural heritage system, but also applying the principle of dynamic conservation to promote rural development to benefit local community, to assure food security and maintaining the ecosystem. Since then, many more scientists have been enrolled in the new field focusing on the function and value, application and management, conservation and development and other aspects of these traditional agricultural systems which facilitate an emerging cross-discipline. In this paper, based on the concepts and characteristics of GIAHS and China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS), the author specifies that Agri-cultural Heritage is a compound heritage that integrates the characteristics of natural, cultural and intangible cultural heritage, and a typical social-economic-natural complex ecosystem composed of economic, biological, technological, cultural and landscape components. For their conservation and development, the joint efforts of scientists from economics, ecology, geography, history, management sciences, culturology, ethnology, sociology and other subjects are needed. Based on progresses studies and perspectives of the field, the author felt that although a good start of the research on Agri-cultural Heritage has been made, there is still much room for development which show a steady growth trend and suggested 32 priority areas in research; a new subject of Agroheritology could emerge in the near future. 相似文献