共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
中国山区农村土地利用转型解析 总被引：39，自引：5，他引：34
山区土地开发及其导致的资源环境问题是农业社会人地关系紧张的体现,工业化、城镇化进程中劳动力转移减轻了山区农村土地的人为扰动,由此驱动土地利用发生转型,引发一系列自然和社会经济效应。按照“土地利用转型—驱动力—效应—响应”的分析框架,剖析中国山区农村土地利用转型的特征和规律,提出山区农村土地整治的响应措施。研究表明：① 山区农村土地利用转型体现出土地利用形态在长期变化过程中的趋势性转折,显性形态转型即由农业社会的耕地扩张和林地收缩演变为城镇化进程中的耕地收缩和林地恢复性增长,隐性形态转型即伴随上述过程发生的土地边际化及生态功能恢复;② 社会经济因素主导山区农村土地利用转型过程,劳动力转移引发土地人为扰动减轻是直接驱动力,务农机会成本上升、恶劣的生存环境等引发劳动力转移的因素是更为根本的驱动力;③ 山区农村土地利用转型降低了土地生态系统脆弱性并提高了其生态安全屏障功能,其社会经济效应应聚焦山区农村发展与农户生计安全层面,并亟需实证研究的支撑;④ 当前山区农村土地利用转型是自然恢复和生态优化的良性过程,有着经济社会发展的必然规律,山区农村土地整治要顺应其土地利用转型规律,目标导向从耕地数量增加转向生态环境保护与社会经济福祉协同提升。 相似文献
2.
山区农村土地利用转型与小农经济变迁耦合机理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过山区土地利用转型与小农经济变迁的耦合关系分析,可以揭示山区人地关系的变化过程和机理。随着工业化、城镇化的快速推进,山区农村人地关系发生深刻变化,小农经济变迁驱动土地利用转型,土地利用转型进一步促进小农经济变迁。在阐述土地利用转型及小农经济变迁内涵和特征基础上,结合实证探讨二者间的耦合机理,以期为乡村振兴战略的实施提供理论支撑和现实参考。研究表明：① 山区农村土地利用转型与小农经济变迁相互影响,耦合演进。② 山区农村土地利用转型重点体现在农村宅基地、耕地及林地三类用地上。③ 中国小农经济已发生四次变迁,而山区小农经济变迁在第四次中表现较为明显,其阶段特征主要为农村人口向城镇迁移,土地流转频繁,土地规模经营趋势增强。④ 山区小农经济变迁引发耕地空间形态及功能转型,山区耕地转型进一步促进小农经济变迁。⑤ 山区小农经济变迁及农户生计策略非农化转变促使农户对宅基地结构及功能的需求发生变化;闲置废弃宅基地综合整治可显化农村土地资产价值,增加农民土地财产性收入,促进小农经济变迁。⑥ 通过云南省砚山县耕地利用转型案例剖析,验证了本文提出的山区农村土地利用转型与小农经济变迁的耦合机理。 相似文献
3.
天山北坡城镇化进程中的水土资源效益及其时空分异 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过空间分析的Global Moran''s I指数和Getis-Ord Gi*指数以及协调发展度函数选取1995年、2000年、2005年和2008年4个年份数据对天山北坡城镇化进程中的土地资源效益、水资源效益的集聚扩散状态及其冷热点空间格局演化与空间联动发展效应进行分析,研究发现:(1)天山北坡在绿洲自然地理格局下发育起来的城镇,受自然地理条件和水土资源分布特点及城镇发展水平不一、城镇性质各异而对水土资源利用程度不一等因素影响,其城镇化水平和水土资源效益的空间格局表现出不同的发展状态。(2)土地资源效益相似的县市具有明显的空间差异,呈现出分散的格局并保持相对稳定的态势。(3)水资源效益的空间集聚和扩散状态不稳定,变化显著。(4)水土资源效益在城镇化进程中各自的空间演化格局与路径迥异,区域联动效应差异显著。绿洲城镇发展的实际决定了水土资源效益的冷热点区域演化相比自身发展水平更具敏感性。 相似文献
4.
城市化是建设用地扩展的主要驱动因素,分析建设用地时空演化格局已成为学者研究城市化过程的重要视角。采用空间自相关等方法,测度了1985年以来长江三角洲地区城市空间扩展的集聚特征并分析其演变过程;并结合格网建设用地密度频率的变化特点,将空间划分为不同的景观梯度地带,以此研究城市空间在不同地带中的扩展特点。研究结果表明,长三角城市空间扩展聚集程度先降后升,城市化区域融合趋势明显,并在城市空间扩展中表现出以上海、南京和苏州等为代表的3种模式,反应了长三角内部不同的经济发展特点。此外,在不同景观梯度下,长三角城市空间扩展表现出典型的阶段性特征。2000年以前在各个景观梯度下城市空间扩展差异较小,表现为较强的拓展性扩展;2000年以后,在城市核心区扩展强度加强,表现为填充式扩展加快。同时,城乡过渡区面积增加迅速,表明随着城市空间扩展的加速,长江三角洲地区城市土地不集约利用现象已较为突出。 相似文献
5.
Analyzing the agricultural landscape patterns in mountainous areas is critical to clarify the dynamic changes and development direction of agricultural landscapes. This also plays a significant role in the rational planning and management of agricultural land. A theoretical framework for agricultural landscape pattern transitions in mountainous areas is proposed to fill the gap of current research with an empirical study in the Caotangxi Watershed, Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA), China. The transition characteristics of agricultural landscape patterns from 2000 to 2018 as represented by sloping farmland, abandoned land, and orchards are analyzed from a holistic-local perspective. The results indicate that the orchards expanded along river valleys, and abandoned land expanded at high elevations, which led to reduced sloping farmland. This phenomenon gives regional landscape differences at the holistic and local levels. Namely, it enhances the region’s holistic landscape diversity but causes fragmentation and aggregation of landscape patches in local areas. The agricultural landscape pattern transitions within the farming range in the study area are manifested primarily in four modes: sloping farmland-orchard conversion type (FOCT), comprehensive conversion type (CCT), partially abandoned type (PAT), and wholly abandoned type (WAT). Each transition mode reveals different development stages of the mountainous agricultural landscape patterns. In general, the agricultural landscape pattern transition is driven by socioeconomic factors in mountainous areas of the TGRA and is bidirectional. This attribute is expressed as the transition from the traditional grain-planting landscape with an even distribution to the eco-economic win-win orchard in valleys and transitions from sloping farmland to abandoned land in high-elevation areas. Overall, the results of this study reveal the uniqueness of agricultural landscape pattern evolutions in China’s mountainous areas in recent decades, which has enlightened the in-depth understandings of rural land use and agricultural ecosystems in mountainous areas of the TGRA, as well as improvements in rural developments and ecological environments. 相似文献
6.
北京市城郊农业区多功能演变的空间特征 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
北京市城郊农业区各圈层因自然条件、城市化、产业化的不同而承担着不同的生产/非生产性功能。应用农业多功能化推移图谱和产业经济理论对此进行了研究,分析表明北京市农业由近郊平原区到远郊山区的可分成两种演化模式:一是由现代都市型农业向传统农业推移的模式;一是呈扇形推移的农业演化模式。在距中心城市30~40 km范围内,有一个非农产业主导的城乡功能推移的分界区。该区以外,现代特色农业、休闲农业等成为农村经济的主导;其非生产性功能逐渐增强,生态功能更成为中远圈层多种功能的主导。 相似文献
7.
A combination of rapid industrialization, economic development and urbanization has caused a series of issues such as resource shortages, ecosystem destruction, environmental pollution and tension between human needs and land conservation. In order to promote balanced development of human, resources, ecosystems, the environment, and the economy and society, it is vital to conceptualize ecological spaces, production spaces and living spaces. Previous studies of ecological-production-living spaces focused mainly on urban and rural areas; few studies have examined mountainous areas. The Taihang Mountains, a key area between the North China Plain and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area providing ecological shelter and the safeguarding of crucial water sources, suffer from increasing problems of fragile environment, inappropriate land use and tensions in the human-land relationship. However, studies of the ecological, production, and living spaces in the Taihang Mountains are still lacking. Therefore, this study, based on the concept of ecological-production-living spaces and using data from multiple sources, took the Taihang Mountains as the study area to build a functional land classification system for ecological-production-living spaces. After the classification system was in place, spatial distribution maps for ecological, production and living spaces were delineated. This space mapping not only characterized the present land use situation, but also established a foundation for future land use optimization. Results showed that the area of ecological space was 78,440 km2, production space 51,861 km2 and living space 6,646 km2, accounting for 57.28%, 37.87% and 4.85% of the total area, respectively. Ecological space takes up the most area and is composed mainly of forests and grasslands. Additionally, most of the ecological space is located in higher elevation mountainous areas, and plays an important role in regulating and maintaining ecological security. Production space, mostly farmlands sustaining livelihoods inside and outside the region, is largely situated in lower elevation plains and hilly areas, as well as in low-lying mountainous basins. Living space has the smallest area and is concentrated mainly in regions with relatively flat terrain and convenient transportation for human settlements. 相似文献
8.
水土资源是人类生存的基础,山地水土要素耦合性与“三生空间”的功能性密切相关,其耦合的时空过程及规律关乎山区的生态服务与经济社会可持续发展。通过构建更加科学的水土要素耦合指数对太行山地、横断山地、黔桂喀斯特山地水土要素耦合特征进行大尺度、长时序的分析,并采用地理探测器方法分析了各时期水土耦合的影响因素。结果表明：① 三大山地水土要素耦合空间差异十分显著。太行山地以缺水区为主,横断山地以平衡区为主,黔桂喀斯特山地平衡区和充沛区兼有。② 垂直分异上,三大山地水土要素耦合指数分别在1300 m、1800~3400 m、500~1500 m处发生变异。各山地水土要素耦合指数在生态功能亚区表现为,林地生态亚区>林草复合生态亚区>农业生态亚区。③ 三大山地水土要素耦合的空间异质性是自然要素和人文要素综合作用的结果。其中,气候要素为主导驱动,地形地貌和土地利用居次,人为作用叠加在自然作用之上,加剧了水土要素耦合的时空复杂性和变异性。本文构建的水土要素耦合指数,加深了山地水土要素相互作用的时空过程研究,可为促进变化环境下的山区可持续发展提供决策依据。 相似文献
9.
塔里木河流域绿洲城镇发展与水土资源效益分析(英文) 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
This paper examines the spatial pattern of land and water resources as well as urbanization and their interactions in the Tarim River Basin, Xinjiang, China. In order to do so, we extract the data associated with efficiency of land and water resources and urbanization for the years of 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2008. Specifically the paper investigates the extent to which agglomeration of population and economic activities varies geographically and interplays with spatial pattern of resources efficiency through computation of Global Moran’s I index, Getis-Ord Gi* index and a coordinated development model. The method used provides clear evidence that urbanization, land and water resources efficiency have shown uneven spatial pattern due to oasis distribution, climate, and initial phase of urban development. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows.(1) Agglomeration and dispersion of urbanization are not consistent with those of land and water resources efficiency.(2) Evolution of the hot and cold spots of urbanization, and land and water resources efficiency, in different trajectories, indicate that there are no significant interactions between them.(3) The evidence that numbers of hot and cold spots of the three factors present varying structures reveals the dominance of unequal urban development in the study area.(4) Significant differences are also found between sub-river basins in terms of the three factors, which is a reflection of the complex physical geography of the area.(5) The degree of coordinated development of cities in the Tarim River Basin is generally low in part as a reflection of difference in spatial patterns of the three factors. It is also shown that the pattern of the degree of coordinated development is relatively stable compared with evolution of hot and cold spots of the three factors. 相似文献
10.
论土地整治与乡村空间重构 总被引：85，自引：9，他引：76
目前,中国新型工业化、城镇化和农业现代化的推进仍缺乏重要抓手和空间支撑平台,严重影响了城乡一体化发展进程。亟需通过开展农村土地综合整治,重构乡村生产、生活和生态空间,为推进新农村建设和城乡一体化发展搭建新平台。本文在界定了乡村空间重构,即在快速工业化和城镇化进程中,伴随乡村内生发展需求和外源驱动力综合作用下导致的农村地区社会经济结构重新塑造,乡村地域上生产空间、生活空间和生态空间的优化调整乃至根本性变革的过程,及其产业发展集聚、农民居住集中和资源利用集约3 个方面内涵的基础上,分析了工业化和城镇化进程对乡村生产、生活和生态空间的影响;探讨了乡村空间重构的土地整治类型及助推机制;结合农用地整治、"空心村"整治和工矿用地整治提出了乡村生产、生活和生态空间重构的模式与途径,以及依托土地整治的以"自下而上"为主、"自上而下"为辅的乡村空间重构战略。作为城乡一体化发展根基的乡村空间其重要性和基础平台作用应受到足够重视,乡村集约高效的生产空间、宜居适度的生活空间和山清水秀的生态空间的优化重构,有赖于区域农村土地整治工程技术、政策机制与模式的创新。 相似文献
11.
The reform of global production mode and social system accelerate the process of urbanization, and the urban-rural factors accelerate rural space diversification. Based on the space production theory and game theory, this paper analyzed the space diversification process and its influence on Beicun village. The results show that:(1) In the past 30 years, the development of Beicun has experienced three stages: agricultural development, industrial development, and service industrial development. The industrial structure has changed from single to diverse. The transformation of agricultural decentralization to rural community has been realized.(2) Accompanying the rural economic development transformation, the land use type and structure of Beicun has diversified. The spatial relationship of various types of land use was complicated and gave rise to new characteristics of mixed land for commercial and residential use, and industrial and commercial use, gradually forming a circular spatial layout structure model of public service facilities, traditional residential areas and modern residential areas, commercial areas, agricultural and industrial areas.(3) Rural space diversification was mainly due to the intervention of new industries and the transformation of leading industries. The endogenous land transferring mechanism and exogenous urban capital jointly promoted the industrialization process, and the market power promoted the transformation of industry into the service industry.(4) The industrialization process promoted the functional replacement of historical buildings by village organizations. It changed the social relations of the village with the blood clan and geography oriented, and produced the occupational relation between migrant workers and urban low-income groups.(5) The multi-differentiation of suburban rural space followed the game logic of capital and land interests. The rural community played a key mediation in the competition for space and the game of interests among local villagers, farmers, economic cooperation, industrial operators, and service owners. 相似文献
12.
13.
环杭州湾城市群土地利用的空间冲突与复杂性 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
土地利用的空间冲突与复杂性研究可为土地利用空间管控提供理论依据和实践支撑。以环杭州湾城市群1990年、2000年、2008年和2013年四期遥感影像为例,分析土地利用系统复杂性、脆弱性及动态性,计算空间冲突综合指数。结果表明：土地利用空间冲突等级表现为一般冲突>中度冲突>轻度冲突>重度冲突;空间冲突的空间格局呈现团状、块状及带状聚集模式分布,具有明显的梯度特征;随着时间的推移,空间冲突的空间自相关性减弱,并具有明显的边缘效应。研究区土地利用空间冲突表现为均衡→打破原有均衡→出现空间自相关→出现空间趋势→形成空间自组织的演变规律。土地利用空间冲突从多核心向单核心模式发展,区域发展水平较高且发展趋于均衡。 相似文献
14.
滇东南喀斯特山区生态系统服务时空格局及功能分区 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
明晰生态系统服务时空格局,划分生态系统服务功能区,将有助于实现土地资源精细化管理。本文以滇东南喀斯特山区典型区域文山市为例,分析2000—2017年食物供给、产水量、植被净初级生产力、土壤保持、生境质量和旅游文化6项生态系统服务的时空格局及其分异特征;运用K-means聚类法识别生态系统服务簇,划分生态系统服务功能区,并提出差异化生态管控措施。结果表明：① 2000—2017年间,除生境质量服务下降外,文山市其他5项服务均呈上升趋势。② 空间分布上,文山市6项生态系统服务高值区集中分布在西部和南部,低值区集中分布在北部和中部;6项服务的冷热点区域空间分布有差异,但整体上具有重叠性。除旅游文化服务的热点和冷点区分布面积占比分别为2.56%和0以外,其他5项服务的冷热点区面积占比均在21%~32%;能够同时提供3项及以上高值生态系统服务功能的区域较少,85.50%的区域只能同时提供2项及以下高值服务功能。③ 根据服务簇聚类结果,文山市划分为生态保护区、生态过渡区、农业主产区和人类生产生活区4类功能区,针对各分区提出差异化生态管控建议。研究结果可为喀斯特山区城市资源利用和国土空间管控提供参考。 相似文献
15.
Rural land use transition of mountainous areas and policy implications for land consolidation in China 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Journal of Geographical Sciences - The cultivation of mountainous land results in water loss and soil erosion. With rapid urbanization and industrialization in China, labor emigration relieves the... 相似文献
16.
珠江三角洲城镇群产业结构演变的城镇空间响应强度 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中国经济社会发展进入重要的转型时期,产业升级和空间优化成为城镇群地区跨越发展门槛、提升城镇化质量和水平的关键因素,研究产业发展与城镇空间的相互关系成为一项全新、紧迫的科学问题。文章从空间视角切入,提出“产业结构演变的城镇空间响应系数”,定量分析了珠江三角洲不同产业的城镇空间响应强度时空特征,探讨了城镇空间响应强度与工业化发展阶段的内在关系。根据第二、第三产业的城镇空间响应强度,将珠三角各县（区）划分为一致响应型、偏R2（第二产业发展的城镇空间响应系数）响应型和偏R3（第三产业发展的城镇空间响应系数）响应型。经济发展水平、城镇人口集聚水平、区域政策和制度是影响珠三角城镇空间响应强度的主要因素,工业化进程越快,城镇空间响应强度越强。在不同工业化阶段,要采取差异化的调控措施,把产业结构演变与城镇空间优化相结合,建立土地利用与产业发展的良性互动关系,才能真正实现社会经济的可持续发展。 相似文献
17.
Land consolidation: An indispensable way of spatial restructuring in rural China1简 总被引：36，自引：10，他引：26
LONG Hualou 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(2):211-225
The implementation of new type industrialization and urbanization and agricultural modernization strategies lacks of a major hand grip and spatial supporting platform, due to long-term existed ＂dual-track＂ structure of rural-urban development in China as well as un- stable rural development institution and mechanism. It is necessary to restructure rural pro- duction, living and ecological space by carrying out land consolidation, so as to establish a new platform for building new countryside and realizing urban-rural integration development in China. This paper develops the concept and connotation of rural spatial restructuring. Basing on the effects analysis of industrialization and urbanization on rural production, living and ecological space, the mechanism of pushing forward rural spatial restructuring by carry- ing out land consolidation is probed. A conceptualization of the models of rural production, living and ecological spatial restructuring is analyzed combining with agricultural land con- solidation, hollowed villages consolidation and industrial and mining land consolidation. Fi- nally, the author argues that a ＂bottom-up＂ restructuring strategy accompanied by a few ＂top-down＂ elements is helpful for smoothly pushing forward rural spatial restructuring in China. In addition, the optimization and restructuring of rural production, living and ecological space will rely on the innovations of regional engineering technology, policy and mechanism, and mode of rural land consolidation, and more attentions should be paid to rural space, the foundation base and platform for realizing urban-rural integration development. 相似文献
18.
提出了基于土地利用转移流的溯源分析法,结合社会网络分析方法与核密度分析法,探究了2000—2018年原州区国土空间格局演变及其动力机制。结果表明：（1） 原州区的三生空间向生产空间增效、生活空间扩容、生态空间提质的方向演化,生产、生活和生态用地结构由2000年的44.76%、2.90%、52.34%调整为2018年的41.17%、6.29%、52.54%。（2） 原州区的三生空间变化与现行国土空间优化目标有较高的契合度,生态用地的转入主要发生在不宜耕作或不宜居住的区域,体现“生态空间山清水秀”导向;生产空间通过坡改梯田、提供灌溉条件以提升水土资源集约利用水平,体现“生产空间集约高效”导向;生活空间的扩张主要发生在居住条件更为适宜的河谷区,体现“生活空间宜居”导向。（3） 三生空间格局演变表现出明显的空间集聚性,呈现出六盘山阴湿区为带状高值区、黄土丘陵沟壑区为散点高值区、清水河谷为团块状高值区的特征,且不同地类变化的空间集聚性特征有所不同。（4） 基于土地利用转移流溯源法提出了原州区三生空间演变的“动力-响应-结果”传导性动力机制;生态建设是国土空间格局演变最重要的驱动力,其次是水土资源集约利用,二者为国土空间格局优化作出重要贡献;水土流失是各类用地向未利用地转化的重要动力,今后仍需加大对水土流失的治理。通过探究经济与生态双重制约区国土空间变化特征及其动力机制,为国土空间优化提供决策参考。 相似文献
19.
20.
区域环境功能管控区划方法及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以生产、生活污染源为对象进行环境空间管控是新时期区域环境保护治理和国土精细化管治的新路径。本文在明确区域环境功能管控区划的概念、目的和原则的基础上,科学识别污染物与污染源空间,提出管控单元和分级管控区的空间结构模式,建立环境污染物的单项评价指标算法和综合集成模型,形成区域环境功能管控区划技术方法,并在浙江省嵊州市进行县级尺度的实证应用研究。研究表明,嵊州市共有垃圾填埋场、污水处理厂、高污染型工业场所、畜禽养殖场、居民居住场所等18个管控单元类型,按集成特征值高低及污染排放特征可归类至Ⅴ级、Ⅳ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅰ级和〇级管控区。Ⅴ级和Ⅳ级管控区以工矿业生产空间为主,污染排放量大,对水体、大气和土壤等影响程度高,存在危害性,是源头管控的重点。Ⅲ级管控区覆盖生活空间,污染排放中等,影响大气和水体,可控性相对较弱。Ⅱ级管控区有少量的农业固废和废水排放,存在面源污染风险。Ⅰ级和〇级管控区内部无环境污染源,强调生态保护的重要程度。其中,〇级管控区是生态保护红线范围,实施最严格的环境保护制度,要求“零排放,零污染”。区域环境功能管控区划方法具有可操作性,可为地方开展中长期环境保护与发展规划提供新的方法。 相似文献