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Which is more hazardous: avalanche,landslide, or mudslide? 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
X.-Z. Xu Z.-Y. Liu W.-L. Wang H.-W. Zhang Q. Yan C. Zhao W.-Z. Guo 《Natural Hazards》2015,76(3):1939-1945
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Salinas-Jasso Jorge A. Montalvo-Arrieta Juan C. Chapa-Guerrero José R. 《Natural Hazards》2020,102(3):1225-1248
Natural Hazards - We have evaluated slope stability conditions considering different triggering conditions for the Olinalá landslide, a paleo-landslide located in the northern front of the... 相似文献
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Tirthankar Basu Swades Pal 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2018,12(1):14-28
The occurrence of landslide in the hilly region of Darjeeling during monsoon season is a matter of serious concern. Every year this natural hazard damages the major roads at several places and thus disrupts the transport and communication system in this region. This paper tries to prepare a landslide susceptibility zone (LSZ) map for the Gish River basin. A total number of 16 spatial parameters have been taken for this study and these are categorised under six factor clusters or groups for example, triggering factors, protective factor, lithological factors, morphometric factors, hydrological factors and anthropogenic factors. The LSZ map is prepared by integrating all the parameters adopting the weighting base as logistic regression. The landslide susceptibility map shows that nearly 9.11% of the area falls under the very high landslide-susceptible zone while 40.28% of the area of the total basin lies under the very low landslide-susceptible zone. The landslide-susceptible model is validated through the receiver operating characteristic curve. This curve shows 86% success rate in defining landslide-susceptible zones and 83.40% prediction rate for the occurrence of landslides. The spatial relationship between the landslide susceptibility model and other factors’ groups shows that the morphometric factors’ cluster (mainly slope) is the focalone for the determination of landslide-susceptible zone. 相似文献
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Landslide initiation due to earthquake is one of the most prevalent seismic hazard, which claims hundreds of lives in the Himalayan mountainous terrains of India. Number of landslides, maximum distance from the epicentre and total landslide area/volume are correlatable with earthquake magnitudes. Application of globally accepted earthquake triggered landslide parameter models do not match well with published data for the Himalayan earthquake triggered landslides. Considering the incompleteness of landslide inventories for most of the Himalayan earthquakes, development of regression equations show that in the Himalayan environment, landslide may trigger even with imperciptable earthquakes affecting longer distances having earthquake magnitude of more than 8 M with potential to affect more areas than the global expectations. 相似文献
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High-frequency (5–20 Hz) seismic signals precursory to and embedded within the June 17, 2017 ML?=?4 earthquake–landslide event are analyzed. This event in western Greenland generated a tsunami in Karrat fjord inundating Nuugaatsiaq village 32 km distant. Spectrogram and wavelet analyses of seismic data from the Greenland Ice Sheet Monitoring Network (GLISN) corroborate observations of seismic precursors at Nuugaatsiaq reported by Poli (Geophys Res Lett 44:8832–8836, 2017) and Caplan-Auerbach (in: AGU fall meeting abstracts, 2017) and reveal additional high-frequency arrivals being generated after the apparent initiation of fault rupture. New observations of seismic precursors 181 km from the Event at Upernavik, Greenland are correlated with those seen at Nuugaatsiaq. Wavelet analysis presents?>?100 significant energy peaks accelerating up to and into the earthquake–landslide event. The precursor events show a distinct, power law distribution, characterized by b values of ~?2.4. Results are compared and contrasted with small precursors observed in the studies of a natural chalk cliff landslide at Mesnil-Val, Haute Normandie, France. The earthquake–landslide appears to have been initiated by seismic precursors located at the fault scarp, leading to a small seismic foreshock and small landslide initiation, followed by a larger earthquake at the fault scarp, precipitating the primary landslide into the Karrat Fjord, which caused the subsequent tsunami.
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The South Jingyang Plateau, with a total area of 70 km2, is located in Shaanxi Province, China. Since 1976, more than 50 landslides of different types have occurred repeatedly on the edge slopes of the plateau due to the start of diversion irrigation on the plateau, resulting in great loss of lives and property. To better understand the initiation and movement mechanisms of these loess landslides, we surveyed them and carried out a detailed investigation of a large landslide in the Xihetan area. Our field survey results revealed that although most of these landslides had a long runout with high mobility, most of the landslide materials originating from the edge slopes may have been in an unsaturated state when the landslide occurred. This suggests that the materials at the toe of the edge slope as well as on the travel path along the river terrace might have played a key role in landslide movement. To examine how the materials on the travel path were involved in the landsliding, we used a multichannel surface wave technique and surveyed shear wave velocity (V s ) profiles of the landslide deposits. We also examined the internal geometry of the deposits that outcropped on the right-side slope of the landslide foot. The longitudinal profile of V s along the direction of movement showed that terrace deposits near the toe of the edge slope may have been sheared upward, indicating that at the toe, the surface of rupture might be located inside the terrace deposits. The V s contours showed an A-shaped fold within the landslide deposits in the middle part of the travel path and became greater in the most distal toe part. The V s profile across the deposits showed a U-shaped belt, in which the soil layers have smaller V s . This belt may be the boundary between the sliding landslide debris and terrace deposits. The observed internal geometry of the landslide deposits indicates that a sliding surface developed within the sandy layer underlying the gravel layer. Therefore, we inferred that after failure, the displaced landslide materials overrode and sheared the terrace deposits along its main sliding direction, resulting in the formation of thrust folds within the terrace deposits, and greater V s on the distal toe part of the landslide. 相似文献
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J. N. Hindayar P. Dasarwar S. P. Srivastava N. Thrideep Kumar Murali Mohan S. K. Som 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2016,88(2):197-205
Understanding the causes of slope development with movement initiation of land sliding requires knowledge on dynamicity, displacement, strain concentration and factor of safety. The 13th mile landslide on Gangtok-Nathula road of the Sikkim Himalaya has seriously affected the Indo-China trade route. To quantify the spatial movement pattern, strain analysis and identification of zones of safety were attempted which indicates that differential movement activity of the landslide zone is co-relatable with differential strain pattern with an overall imprint of the Himalaya collision tectonics. 相似文献
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In February 2010, 19 fatalities and economic damage were caused by a regional landslide episode in the state of Michoacán, México. The municipalities of Angangueo, Ocampo, Tiquicheo de Nicolás Romero, Tuxpan, and Tuzantla were severely damaged, with Angangueo being the most affected. The event involved a series of debris flows, of which four were the most significant; these four caused 16 deaths in addition to considerable damage to roads, electricity, and the water supply system, with indirect consequences in crop production, cattle farming, and tourism. The area affected by these four flows was calculated as 282?km2, with an estimated 697,346?m3 of mobilized material. General observations indicated that the initiation sources of the debris flows were on deforested zones. The present research is concentrated on the Angangueo basin, an area situated within the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve. Given the lack of rain gauges in the area of interest, records from neighboring points were used to build a comprehensive overview of the extreme precipitation event that triggered the devastating debris flows. The nearest rain gauge, Laguna del Fresno, situated 21?km to the south, recorded 204?mm of rainfall from 1 to 5 February, equivalent to 30% of the mean annual rainfall. Moreover, during a 24-h period the El Bosque rain gauge recorded 144.5?mm of precipitation, the equivalent of 2,270% of the mean rainfall for the same month (6.36?mm). The occurrence of a hailstorm preceding the rainfall event is notable; conditions in the superficial soil layer would have included an increased pore water pressure. Presumably, before the 2,000-year return period extreme rainfall event, thawing of hail and consequent moisture and/or pore-pressure increase result in decreased frictional strength. This paper presents a spatial analysis of the distribution of these landslides, mainly debris flows, as well as general observations on the triggering mechanism, the strength properties of the materials involved, and the societal impact. 相似文献
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Relations between hydrology and velocity of a continuously moving landslide—evidence of pore-pressure feedback regulating landslide motion? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We measured displacement, pore-water pressure, and climatic conditions for 3 years at the continuously moving Slumgullion
landslide in Colorado, USA. The landslide accelerated when pore-water pressure increased within the landslide body, but this
occurred as pore-water pressure decreased along the landslide margin. The decrease probably occurred in response to shear-induced
soil dilation at rates greater than pore-pressure diffusion and likely increased resistance to shear displacement and resulted
in landslide deceleration. This dilative strengthening has been experimentally observed and explained theoretically, but not
previously identified during field studies. Although landslide displacement should have exceeded that required to achieve
critical-state density of shear boundaries, observed relocation of these boundaries indicates that shearing is episodic at
fixed locations, so it permits renewed dilative strengthening when “fresh” soil is sheared. Thus, dilatant strengthening may
be a considerable mechanism controlling landslide velocity, even for landslides that have continuously moved great distances. 相似文献
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On June 14 2008, an Iwate–Miyagi inland earthquake that had a magnitude of 7.2 hit the eastern foot of the Ohu Mountains in
Tohoku district, Japan. The seismic peak ground acceleration was greater than 1,000 gal in the Aratozawa Dam area. The earthquake
triggered a massive landslide at the upper reach of the dam. The landslide had the sediment volume of over 67 million cubic
meters and is considered the largest catastrophic landslide in Japan during the last 100 years. This report presents a summary
of our findings pertinent to the landslide’s activities based on our field investigations that started the day after the landslide.
This report covers: (1) details of the land deformations caused by the landslide, (2) geological background pertinent to landslide
development, and (3) estimation of the slip surface and the other physical properties of the landslide based on the analysis
of the boring core specimens and landform features. The landslide is roughly divided into two sections, a lower and an upper
half. The lower half moved almost simultaneously as one massive block of 700 m long, 800 m wide, and 70–80 m thick. The slip
surface had developed on the very fine sand of the alternate layer of fine-grained sandstone and siltstone. The slickensided
slip surface has a gradient of only 2°. This feature indicates that the type of the landslide movement is considered to be
a block glide. The landslide body is nearly identical to the topography of the landslide area that was developed about 50,000 years ago. This shows the possibility that the landslide was reactivated. The upper half consists of two large ridges and the broad
debris field and is 600 m long, 900 m wide, and 70–100 m thick. The maximum height of the main scarp is over 150 m. 相似文献
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Barbados is a small Caribbean island located on the crest of an accretionary prism about 125 km east of the Lesser Antilles volcanic island arc. The oldest strata, Eocene sandstones and shales, are overlain by Oligocene–Miocene chalks and marls, in turn overlain by Pleistocene reef and lagoonal limestones that cover about 85 % of the island. The Eocene sediments, which crop out in the Scotland District of Barbados, are prone to soil creep and landslides covering tens to hundreds of hectares. The largest historic landslide, the “Boscobel Landslip,” occurred on 01 October 1901. We used nineteenth-century and more modern topographic and geologic maps, air photographs, and various archival and petrophysical data, to supplement reconnaissance of the landslide in the field. We identified about ten million cubic meters of the displaced material of the landslide, as well as the meteorological and geological conditions that contributed to the Boscobel Landslip. Similar landslides would pose a presently unquantified hazard to inhabitation and future development in the Scotland District. 相似文献
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A number of examples are presented to substantiate that submarine landslides have occurred along most continental margins and along several volcano flanks. Their properties of importance for tsunami generation (i.e. physical dimensions, acceleration, maximum velocity, mass discharge, and travel distance) can all gain extreme values compared to their subaerial counterparts. Hence, landslide tsunamis may also be extreme and have regional impact. Landslide tsunami characteristics are discussed explaining how they may exceed tsunamis induced by megathrust earthquakes, hence representing a significant risk even though they occur more infrequently. In fact, submarine landslides may cause potentially extreme tsunami run-up heights, which may have consequences for the design of critical infrastructure often based on unjustifiably long return periods. Giant submarine landslides are rare and related to climate changes or glacial cycles, indicating that giant submarine landslide tsunami hazard is in most regions negligible compared to earthquake tsunami hazard. Large-scale debris flows surrounding active volcanoes or submarine landslides in river deltas may be more frequent. Giant volcano flank collapses at the Canary and Hawaii Islands developed in the early stages of the history of the volcanoes, and the tsunamigenic potential of these collapses is disputed. Estimations of recurrence intervals, hazard, and uncertainties with today’s methods are discussed. It is concluded that insufficient sampling and changing conditions for landslide release are major obstacles in transporting a Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA) approach from earthquake to landslide tsunamis and that the more robust Scenario-Based Tsunami Hazard Assessment (SBTHA) approach will still be most efficient to use. Finally, the needs for data acquisition and analyses, laboratory experiments, and more sophisticated numerical modelling for improved understanding and hazard assessment of landslide tsunamis are elaborated. 相似文献
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L. P. Sharma Nilanchal Patel P. Debnath M. K. Ghose 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2012,5(4):789-796
Hilly regions are prone to landslides that cause heavy losses of life and properties every year. A number of researches and
analyses are carried out in the GIS environment to identify landslide vulnerability in the region. The important conditioning
factors identified by the researchers are slope, geological, geomorphologic features, and land use coupled with triggering
factors like rainfall and a few of the anthropogenic activities. Soil forms the uppermost part of the earth crust, and it
is expected that various soil characteristics like depth, surface texture, depth texture, soil erosion, hydraulic conductivity,
stoniness, etc., play significant roles in causing landslide in the area. These factors have been ignored so far by most researchers
while identifying landslide hazard-prone areas. This paper attempts to assess the vulnerability status in parts of East Sikkim,
India, by integrating the influence of the various soil attributes. A composite index called soil stability value was determined
by aggregating the weights assigned to different soil parameters. Finally, based on the soil stability values, the study area
was classified into least vulnerable, moderately vulnerable, and most vulnerable zones of landslide occurrences. Comparison
between the vulnerability zones and the actual landslide occurrences yielded a 90% agreement with the density of landslides
in the most vulnerable zone, demonstrating the efficacy of soil characteristics as potential indicators of landslide events. 相似文献
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Geotechnical characterization and analysis of rainfall—induced 2009 landslide at Marappalam area of Nilgiris district,Tamil Nadu state,India 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Landslides are frequently occurring natural hazards in Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu, India, particularly during monsoon season. The present study describes the geotechnical characterization and analysis of rainfall-induced landslide that occurred at Marappalam location of Nilgiris district on November 10, 2009. The detailed investigation comprises mapping of landslide, topographical survey, field and laboratory investigations, characterization of soil and rock, and numerical analysis. Field study comprises borehole and geophysical investigations. Detailed laboratory investigation was performed to identify index and engineering properties of soil and rock. Based on the results obtained from field and laboratory investigations, the generalized subsoil profile of Marappalam slope has been plotted. The investigations revealed that loose and soft soil layer with low permeability and plasticity interspersed with boulders could be the main source of debris flow. Scanning electron microscopic analysis and x-ray diffraction analysis were performed to study the influence of weathering on slope failure. Failure mechanism of Marappalam 2009 landslide was identified from the numerical analysis performed using landslide simulation program LS-RAPID. The analysis revealed that the 5-day antecedent rainfall (303 mm) and intense rainfall on 10th November 2009 (405 mm) saturate the slope due to infiltration of rainwater. This leads to a decrease in the matric suction and subsequent development of positive pore water pressure, which in turn reduces the shear resistance of the soil along with shear displacement, and resulted in a progressive failure. 相似文献
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Acta Geotechnica - Landslide tsunamis are complex fluid–solid coupling processes that often cause enormous catastrophes. In this study, the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and discrete... 相似文献
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Fiolleau Sylvain Jongmans Denis Bièvre Gregory Chambon Guillaume Lacroix Pascal Helmstetter Agnès Wathelet Marc Demierre Michel 《Landslides》2021,18(6):1981-2000
Landslides - The mass transfer mechanisms in landslides are complex to monitor because of their suddenness and spatial coverage. The active clayey Harmalière landslide, located 30 km south of... 相似文献