共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
M. Kawano K. Asano H. Dohi S. Matsuda 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2000,20(5-8):493-507
The linear and non-linear responses of surface soil layers have been predicted through the simultaneous simulation test against the observed ground motions at the six sites in Kobe City during the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake. The total stress analysis method and the effective stress analysis method have been applied for the rough and detailed verification of the predicted non-linear dynamic behavior at the PIS and RKI sites including the liquefaction phenomenon. The shear strain distribution along depth, the ratio of excess pore water pressure to initial effective stress, the liquefaction strength parameters to initial effective stress, and the stress–strain curve during the earthquake at the PIS site have been investigated when the predicted ground motion could simulate successfully the observed acceleration time histories and response spectra in the non-linear range. 相似文献
2.
地震作用下土体发生液化之后,由于超静孔隙水压力的产生和土体抗剪强度的降低,管道易发生上浮破坏。为研究管道上浮动力反应的影响因素,基于OpenSees有限元软件,通过目标反应谱和谱匹配等方法选取地震波,考虑不同管土特性和地震动特性,对地震作用下管道上浮动力反应进行了二维数值模拟。结果表明:土体相对密度、管径和管道埋深对管道上浮反应的影响较大,分别给出了土体相对密度、管径、管道埋深对管道上浮位移的影响规律及对应拟合公式;长持时地震动作用下,超静孔隙水压力消散较慢,管道上浮位移可达短持时地震动作用下管道上浮位移的2倍左右;近断层脉冲地震动作用下,管道上浮破坏和横向破坏两种破坏模式同时存在,且由于速度脉冲效应,管道横向破坏风险大于上浮破坏风险。 相似文献
3.
An effective stress method is presented for analysis of seismic response and liquefaction of irregular ground including soil–structure interaction, based on an implicit–explicit finite element method. A pore water pressure is computed with iteration from the total stress considering an undrained condition. The simulated pore water pressure is in reasonably good agreement with the experimental data. The proposed method of analysis is compared with other well-known methods for a one-dimensional model, which is in good agreement. The present effective stress method is also applied to liquefaction problems involving a two-dimensional soil–structure model. The structure is modelled by not only a rigid model but also as a multi-degree-of-freedom system with bi-linear springs. The numerical results are considered to be significant from the viewpoint of earthquake engineering. 相似文献
4.
Liquefaction of seabed under seismic loading is one of the main points that govern the overall stability of submarine pipeline. However, most previous investigations concerned only with free seabed and searched for seismic accumulative excess pore pressure by solving Terzaghi's consolidation equation containing pore pressure source term. It is not able to introduce two-dimensional structures such as submarine pipelines in one-dimensional problem, and it is also not able to obtain the distribution of seismic accumulative excess pore pressure in seabed around submarine pipelines by such a way. In this study, a FEM numerical analysis method for determining the liquefaction of sandy seabed around a buried pipeline under seismic loading is presented. The empirical mode of dynamic increase of pore pressure under undrained shearing induced by seismic loading is incorporated with two-dimensional dynamic consolidation equation and a numerical procedure based on FEM is developed to assess the accumulative excess pore pressure. By numerical computations, the accumulative process of pore pressure and liquefaction potential of seabed soil during seismic loading is evaluated. From a series of numerical computations based on the presented model with various parameters, the effects of soil characteristic parameters and pipeline geometry on seismic accumulative excess pore pressure around submarine pipeline and along the depth of seabed are explored in detail. 相似文献
5.
以一多层框架结构停车场的地基基础为研究对象,分析其在将来可能发生大地震中的动力特性。除地基可能出现的液化,还包括地震中的瞬时沉降及地震后地基长期固结沉降,尤其是不均匀沉降。采用水土耦合2维有限元分析法,对研究领域的地基基础及上部结构进行整体建模。计算中采用的地震波为一三连动人工地震波,最大加速度为182gal,主震持续150s。为比较不同的基础形式对地基液化和沉降的影响,对采用长桩和密集型短柱两种基础形式做分析比较。有限元计算中,采用能反映其地层土交变移动特性的弹塑性本构模型来描述土的动力学特性,桩基础和上部框架结构采用梁单元模型,密集型短柱基础采用弹性单元模型。结果表明,除地震中地基的液化,震后随着超孔隙水压的消散,地基基础长期不均匀沉降也是不可忽略的重要问题。 相似文献
6.
编制完全耦合的三维排水有效应力动力反应分析程序，对可液化地基进行三维地震响应分析，探讨了不同土性参数、不同土层构成和不同附加压重等因素对可液化地基抗液化性能的影响。结果表明：在地震荷载作用下，天然饱和砂土地基中的超孔隙水压力随深度的增大而增大；在不同深度处，超孔压峰值到达的时刻比地震加速度峰值到达的时刻要晚；随输入地震加速度的减弱，深层处的超孔压开始消散或基本保持不变，浅层处的超孔压保持不变或略有上升，这一现象与土性参数、输入地震荷载的情况等因素有关；土性参数对土体本身的抗液化性能有重要影响，初始孔隙比越小，相对密度越大，土体的抗液化能力越强；附加压重有利于地基抗液化能力的提高；随着附加压重的增大，超孔压比减小；附加压重对地基中超孔隙水压力的增长有明显的抑制作用。 相似文献
7.
将废弃橡胶轮胎内填充散体材料形成加筋土结构,已被应用于地基、挡土墙和边坡加固等工程,表现出较好的减震隔振效果,而轮胎加筋土的抗液化性能尚缺乏研究。开展3组小型振动台试验,通过改变轮胎垫层的排水条件,验证轮胎加筋砂垫层的抗液化效果。结果表明:轮胎加筋砂垫层具有良好的抗液化效果,与刚性垫层相比,超静孔压比峰值差值范围在0.01~0.19,残余超静孔压比差值范围在0.08~0.16,轮胎加筋砂垫层提供的排水通道具有抑制超静孔隙水压力发展和加速超静孔隙水消散的作用,孔隙水会沿着轮胎与下部土体的界面以及胎间的排水通道排出;采用量测侧向动土压力的方法,定义土体液化程度量化指标,进一步验证轮胎加筋砂垫层抗液化效果;振动过程中轮胎加筋垫层表面沉降范围为11.3~15.7 mm,表现出较好的变形协调性能。 相似文献
8.
The present work deals with 1D and 2D ground response analysis and liquefaction analysis of alluvial soil deposits from Kanpur region along Indo-Gangetic plains. Standard penetration tests and seismic down hole tests have been conducted at four locations namely IITK, Nankari village, Mandhana and Bithoor at 1.5 m interval up to a depth of 30 m below the ground surface to find the variation of penetration blows and the shear wave velocity along the depth. From the selected sites undisturbed as well as representative soil samples have been collected for detailed soil classification. The soil profiles from four sites have been considered for 1D and 2D ground response analysis by applying the free field motions of three Himalayan earthquakes namely Chamba earthquake (Mw—5.1), Chamoli earthquake (Mw—6.4) and Uttarkashi earthquake (Mw—6.5). An average value of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) obtained from 1D and 2D analysis is considered for liquefaction analysis and post-liquefaction settlement. The excess pore water pressure ratio is greater than 0.8 at a depth of 24 m from ground surface for IITK, Nankari village, Bithoor sites. More than 50% of post liquefaction settlement is contributed by layers from 21–30 m for all sites. In general, the soil deposits in Kanpur region have silty sand and sand deposits and are prone to liquefaction hazards due to drastic decrease of cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) at four chosen sites in Kanpur. 相似文献
9.
Laboratory tests on the large post-liquefaction deformation of saturated Nanjing fine sand were performed by using a hollow cylinder apparatus. The stress-strain responses and the characteristics of excess pore water pressure after liquefaction were studied. It was found that the relationship between deviatoric stress and axial strain presented a sigmoid curve, and there was a good linearity relationship between normalized pore water pressure and deviatoric stress. On this basis, a constitutive model of stress-strain responses and a dissipation model of excess pore water pressure were established. It was found that the results predicted by the two models were in good agreement with the experimental data. The influence of relative densities and confi ning pressure on the characteristics of liquef ied soil were studied. The results showed the relative densities and initial effective confining pressure all had an important influence on the stress-strain responses of liquefi ed saturated Nanjing fine sand. However, the dissipation model of excess pore water pressure after liquefaction was only affected by the confining pressure. 相似文献
10.
目前相关规范主要依据工程场地单点的测试数据进行砂土液化判别,而实际的三维土层结构可能非常复杂。研究土层结构对砂土液化的影响机制,有利于提高砂土液化判别结果准确度。分析2008 年5 月28 日发生的松原MS地震和2010—2011 年新西兰坎特伯雷地震序列中砂土液化点的分布,结果显示:砂土液化点主要位于高弯度河流的沉积相地层,凹岸侧蚀、凸岸沉积形成的边滩具有典型的二元结构,其顶部分布的黏土类不透水层有利于下伏饱和粉细砂等易液化土层的超孔隙水压累积;而辫状河流沉积相中,上覆黏土类不透水层间断分布特征明显。针对河流不同沉积相的土层结构建立简化场地模型,使用FLAC3D 进行砂土液化数值模拟,揭示出不同土层结构中超孔隙水压力的累积、消散和渗流过程机制,结果表明,河流沉积相土层结构对砂土液化场点的分布和地表变形具有显著影响。在合理的工程地质分区基础上,现有的液化判别方法有必要考虑场地的土层结构的影响。 相似文献
11.
Development of new drain method for protection of existing pile foundations from liquefaction effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Naoyuki Harada Ikuo Towhata Tadashi Takatsu Shinsuke Tsunoda Vlatko Sesov 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2006,26(2-4):297-312
Pile foundation as well as other underground structures could be seriously affected by soil liquefaction during strong earthquakes. Damages on pile foundation due to liquefaction can be reduced by implementation of some soil improvement method. Main objective of present study is developing of drain method that can improve the soil in order to mitigate the destructiveness of liquefaction on superstructure supported by pile foundation. Series of shaking table tests were conducted on 2×2 pile foundation and soil model was improved by drains. Configurations of drains around piles, intensity of shaking were one of the parameters that were changing during the tests in order to investigate the response of pile foundation in improved soil condition.Shaking table tests and performed On-site experiment showed the following effects of the new drain method. (1) When the intensity of earthquake motion is 200 gal or less, generation of excess pore water pressure is reduced and the pile bending moment is decreased, (2) when the intensity of earthquake motion is stronger (300 gal or more), drainage effect prevents disappearance of subgrade reaction, and (3) proposed new type of drain can control excess pore water pressure without clogging. 相似文献
12.
采用一个描述饱和砂土中固相颗粒和液相流体耦合的离散元数值模型,固相颗粒采用离散元的颗粒流理论(PFC)模拟,液相流体通过求解平均Navier-Stokes方程的计算流体动力学(CFD)技术计算.采用上述模犁数值模拟了在地震荷载作用液化场地的加速度、剪应力、剪应变时程以及超孔隙水压力和土层表面位移的发展过程.数值模拟结果... 相似文献
13.
Liquefaction testing at a saturated loess site was performed under the simulated earthquake ground motion induced by artificial
explosions with micro-time intervals. The time histories of ground acceleration, pore water pressure and the ultimate value
of residual strain were recorded and measured. The modified FEQdrain computation software was used to analyze the liquefaction.
Both the test and the analysis confirm the objective occurrence of loess liquefaction. Furthermore, the reliability of the
method of the loess liquefaction analysis based on FEQdrain and the model of pore water pressure development of saturated
loess are examined.
Supported by: China Ministry of Science and Technology (Granted No.2000-35), Registration No.for Publications of Lanzhou Institute
of Seismology, CSB:LC2002-001. 相似文献
14.
饱和砂土液化是由地震引起的一种最常见的工程地质现象,也是造成重大地震灾害的主要原因之一。由于成因的复杂性和所造成灾害的严重性,饱和砂土液化一直是土动力学和岩土地震工程研究领域的重要课题。针对饱和砂土液化问题,基于开源地震工程数值计算平台OpenSees,对材料库中的4种砂土本构模型进行数值计算。采用二维u-p单元模拟土颗粒位移和孔隙水压力,分析和对比4种模型在循环动力荷载作用下的加速度、超孔隙水压力、位移、剪应力-剪应变和平均有效应力路径方面的响应结果。研究结果表明:(1)砂土对输入加速度表现出一定的放大效应,对于不同的模型,该放大效应存在一些差异;(2) Stress Density模型在循环动力荷载作用下易产生永久变形;(3)在循环动力荷载作用下,PDMY模型和CycLiqCPSP模型的强度逐渐降低,直到完全消失;(4) Stress Density模型和Manzari Dafalias模型在循环动力荷载下表现出明显的剪胀效应。研究成果对砂土液化的数值模拟问题具有重要的理论价值,可为饱和砂土的液化模拟和砂土本构模型的选取提供参考。 相似文献
15.
It is well known that the generation of excess pore water pressure and/or liquefaction in foundation soils during an earthquake often cause structural failures.This paper describes the behavior of a small-scale braced wall embedded in saturated liquefiable sand under dynamic condition.Shake table tests are performed in the laboratory on embedded retaining walls with single bracing.The tests are conducted for different excavation depths and base motions.The influences of the peak magnitude of the ground motions and the excavation depth on the axial forces in the bracing,the lateral displacement and the bending moments in the braced walls are studied.The shake table tests are simulated numerically using FLAC 2D and the results are compared with the corresponding experimental results.The pore water pressures developed in the soil are found to influence the behavior of the braced wall structures during a dynamic event.It is found that the excess pore water pressure development in the soil below the excavation is higher compared to the soil beside the walls.Thus,the soil below the excavation level is more susceptible to the liquefaction compared to the soil beside the walls. 相似文献
16.
This paper presents the results of dynamic centrifuge model tests conducted to investigate the liquefaction mechanism in non-homogeneous soil deposits. Four types of model tests were conducted: one model test involved a uniform soil deposit; one involved continuous layered soil deposit; and two involved discontinuous layered soil deposits. Non-homogeneity in the tests was incorporated by including periodically distributed discontinuous silty sand patches. It was found that more excess pore water pressure (EPWP) remains for a longer period of time in the discontinuous region in non-homogeneous soil deposits compared with the continuous layered and uniform soil deposits. The generation of pore water pressure ceases the supply of a new mass of water after seismic excitation; therefore the dissipation of EPWP becomes the dominant factor for settlement after seismic excitation. The rapid dissipation of EPWP through the discontinuous part in the non-homogeneous soil deposits manifests as a larger settlement in the discontinuous part, causing non-uniform settlements. 相似文献
17.
砂土自由场地震响应的离心机试验研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
离心机模型试验是研究岩土地震工程问题的有效手段。本文使用层状剪切箱,通过干落法制备了均匀的砂土模型,进行了离心机振动试验;观测了振动过程中孔隙水压力的发展,土体的加速度响应、侧向变形以及竖向沉降。结果表明,土体的运动和变形与孔隙水压力的发展密切相关,但离心机中的试验现象和现场观测的现象存在显著区别。研究结果增强了对振动过程中土-水之间相互作用机理的理解,同时为自由场地震响应分析方法的验证提供了基础数据。 相似文献
18.
Evolution of the shear wave velocity during shaking modeled in centrifuge shaking table tests 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Chung-Jung Lee Chung-Ru Wang Yui-Chen Wei Wen-Yi Hung 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2012,10(2):401-420
Two in-flight shear wave velocity measurement systems were developed to perform the subsurface exploration of shear wave velocity
in a centrifuge model. The bender elements test and the pre-shaking test used in the study provided reliable and consistent
shear wave velocity profiles along the model depth before and after shaking in the centrifuge shaking table tests. In addition,
the use of the bender elements measurement system particularly developed here allowed continuous examination of the evolution
of shear wave velocity not only during and after the shaking periods in the small shaking events but also during the dissipation
period of excess pore water pressure after liquefaction in the large shaking events. The test results showed that the shear
wave velocity at different values of excess pore water pressure ratio varied as the effective mean stress to the power of
0.27, to a first approximation. Consequently, a relationship between the shear wave velocity evolution ratio and the excess
pore water pressure ratio is proposed to evaluate the changes in shear wave velocity due to excess pore water generation and
dissipation during shaking events. This relation will assist engineers in determining the shear stiffness reduction ratio
at various ru levels when a sand deposit is subjected to different levels of earthquake shaking. 相似文献
19.
A statistical representation of seismic liquefaction is advanced based on the postulate that pore water pressure increases are proportional to the dissipated seismic energy density. The representation, based on approximately fifty case histories, relates the pore pressure increase to earthquake magnitude, distance to centre of energy release, initial effective overburden stressand standard penetration value. The model may be used for analysis ofseismic liquefaction risk. An example analysis for the ‘South of Market Zone’ in San Francisco is carried out in relation to earthquakes on the San Andreas fault. 相似文献
20.
Mahdi Taiebat Boris Jeremić Yannis F. Dafalias Amir M. Kaynia Zhao Cheng 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2010
To predict the earthquake response of saturated porous media it is essential to correctly simulate the generation, redistribution, and dissipation of excess pore water pressure during and after earthquake shaking. To this end, a reliable numerical tool requires a dynamic, fully coupled formulation for solid–fluid interaction and a versatile constitutive model. Presented in this paper is a 3D finite element framework that has been developed and utilized for this purpose. The framework employs fully coupled dynamic field equations with a u–p–U formulation for simulation of pore fluid and solid skeleton interaction and a SANISAND constitutive model for response of solid skeleton. After a detailed verification and validation of the formulation and implementation of the developed numerical tool, it is employed in the seismic response of saturated porous media. The study includes examination of the mechanism of propagation of the earthquake-induced shear waves and liquefaction phenomenon in uniform and layered profiles of saturated sand deposits. 相似文献