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1.
In the Middle Atlas of Morocco, alkali basaltic flows record successive weathering phases during the Quaternary. In fresh basalt interior and intermediate external zones, the first weathering stage is characterised by glass dissolution and the formation of a Si-Al poorly-crystallised product. Advanced weathering phases are characterised by 10 Å halloysite, kaolinite and goethite, located within the primary minerals or as secondary products in fissures. Olivine and iddingsite are transformed into Si-rich goethite, plagioclase into halloysite and pyroxene into a mixture of halloysite + geothite. Dissolution of Ti-magnetite and ilmenite yielded Ti-rich products. In these conditions, the weathering of basalts and development of a soil matrix are accompanied by the elimination of certain chemical elements, such as Si, Ca, Na and K, and the concentration of Fe and Al. In the soil, clay minerals such as illite and vermiculite, do not have any genetic relationship with weathered basalt and were probably introduced externally. 相似文献
2.
Alexis Navarre-Sitchler Carl I. Steefel Susan L. Brantley 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2011,75(23):7644-7667
Saprolite formation rates influence many important geological and environmental issues ranging from agricultural productivity to landscape evolution. Here we investigate the chemical and physical transformations that occur during weathering by studying small-scale “saprolites” in the form of weathering rinds, which form on rock in soil or saprolite and grow in thickness without physical disturbance with time. We compare detailed observations of weathered basalt clasts from a chronosequence of alluvial terraces in Costa Rica to diffusion-reaction simulations of rind formation using the fully coupled reactive transport model CrunchFlow. The four characteristic features of the weathered basalts which were specifically used as criteria for model comparisons include (1) the mineralogy of weathering products, (2) weathering rind thickness, (3) the coincidence of plagioclase and augite reaction fronts, and (4) the thickness of the zones of mineral reaction, i.e. reaction fronts. Four model scenarios were completed with varying levels of complexity and degrees of success in matching the observations. To fit the model to all four criteria, however, it was necessary to (1) treat diffusivity using a threshold in which it increased once porosity exceeded a critical value of 9%, and (2) treat mineral surface area as a fitting factor. This latter approach was presumably necessary because the mineral-water surface area of the connected (accessible) porosity in the Costa Rica samples is much less than the total porosity (Navarre-Sitchler et al., 2009). The model-fit surface area, here termed reacting surface area, was much smaller than the BET-measured surface area determined for powdered basaltic material. In the parent basalt, reacting surface area and diffusivity are low due to low pore connectivity, and early weathering is therefore transport controlled. However, as pore connectivity increases as a result of weathering, the reacting surface area and diffusivity also increase and weathering becomes controlled by mineral reaction kinetics. The transition point between transport and kinetic control appears to be related to a critical porosity (9%) at which pore connectivity is high enough to allow rapid transport. Based on these simulations, we argue that the rate of weathering front advance is controlled by the rate at which porosity is created in the weathering interface, and that this porosity increases because of mineral dissolution following a rate that is largely surface-reaction controlled. 相似文献
3.
H. Yoshida R. Metcalfe S. Nishimoto H. Yamamoto N. Katsuta 《Applied Geochemistry》2011,26(9-10):1706-1721
Weathering rinds formed in Mesozoic sandstone and basalt cobbles buried in terrace deposits for up to 300 ka have been investigated. The aim was to determine the formation process and elemental mass balances during rind development. The ages of terraces distributed in the western part of Fukui prefecture, central Japan have been determined as 50 ka, 120 ka and 300 ka based on a tephro-stratigraphic method. Detailed investigations across the weathering rinds, consisting of microscopic observations, porosity measurements, and mineralogical and geochemical analyses using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), secondary X-ray analytical microscopy (SXAM), scanning electron microanalyser (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) have been carried out. The results revealed that the Fe concentrations in the weathering rind of a basalt cobble slightly decreased from the cobble’s surface (rim) towards the unweathered core. In contrast, in a sandstone cobble formed under the same environmental conditions over the same period of time there is an Fe-rich layer at some distance below the cobble’s surface. Elemental mass balances across the rinds were determined by using open system mass balance (τi,j) calculations and show that the Fe was precipitated as Fe-oxyhydroxides in the basalt cobbles, although Fe was slightly removed from the rims. In sandstone cobbles, on the other hand, Fe migrated along a Fe concentration gradient by diffusion and precipitated as Fe-oxyhydroxide minerals to form the weathering rinds. Presumably, precipitation was due to the relatively higher pH conditions caused by mineral dissolution within the pores, principally involving calcite, but probably also silicates including feldspar. The detailed characterization of the weathering rinds revealed the influence of lithology on the accumulation and dissolution of Fe-oxyhydroxides, causing weathering rinds with different characteristics to develop in different kinds of buried cobbles under the same conditions. Relatively large climatic changes in the study area did not cause discernable variations in the mean formation rates of the studied rinds, which were in the order of 10?8 m/a for both basalt and sandstone cobbles. These rates are 1–2 orders of magnitude slower than those reported for tropical areas elsewhere, most probably due to the lower rainfall in the studied area. 相似文献
4.
柴达木盆地阿尔金山前斜坡带发现了规模分布的东坪基岩气田,其基岩风化壳的作用成为关注的问题。依据元素分析、X-射线衍射分析、岩心薄片观察,常规测井响应和成像测井响应特征,识别出东坪地区基岩风化壳发育不同结构层,且不同结构层的储集特征有很大差异。研究表明,基岩风化壳结构可划分为土壤层、完全风化层和半风化层,而半风化层又可进一步分为溶蚀带和崩解带;其中土壤层厚度0~2 m,完全风化层厚度4~15 m,溶蚀带厚度365~164 m,崩解带厚度300~1 000 m。基岩半风化层是储层发育带,其中溶蚀带储集物性好于崩解带,溶蚀带发育较多的溶蚀孔洞和溶蚀加宽的网状裂缝,孔隙度范围2%~16%;而崩解带发育弱溶蚀构造缝和节理缝,孔隙度范围2%~8%。东坪地区大规模发育基岩风化壳为柴达木盆地远离烃源岩灶的斜坡地区寻找油气提供了借鉴依据。 相似文献
5.
提要：岩石化学风化程度评价指标应该同时满足以下三个基本条件,即与风化程度之间的关系简单明确、对风化程度变化具有足够的敏感性和易于确定和不易受到人为因素影响。作为铁镁质岩石的主要代表,（峨眉山）玄武岩风化程度评价除考虑可引起组分淋失与富集的水解反应外,还应充分考虑二价铁的氧化反应。新鲜峨眉山玄武岩中并存的二价铁和三价铁的含量总体稳定,910个样品的FeO、Fe2O3平均含量分别为8.45%和5.15%,以均匀、随机的方式赋存于辉石、橄榄石、杏仁体中的绿泥石、磁铁矿及火山玻璃中。风化玄武岩、玄武岩斜坡地下水及新鲜玄武岩浸泡液的地球化学研究结果表明,FeO及Fe2O3含量对峨眉山玄武岩风化程度的敏感性明显高于其他组分,同时铁又是玄武岩风化过程中活动性最差的元素之一。三价铁和二价铁的摩尔数比值（FF）适合于峨眉山玄武岩整个风化过程的风化程度判别,比既有风化指数具有更高的分辨率,尤其是对风化初期玄武岩。 相似文献
6.
The behaviour of the rare-earth elements(REE)during the weathering of granites was studied in southern Guangxi,China.Based on the study of the weathering profiles,the soil,weathered and sub-weatereb zones are identified with different REE geochemical behaviours throug the weathering profiles of granite.The Ce anomalies of the weathering profiles cover a large range of values with most falling between 1.02 and 1.43in the soil zone and 0.16and 0.40in the weathered and sub-weathered zones.Light rare-earth elements(LREE) and heavy rare-earth elements(HREE)are enriched to varying degree in the weathering profiles as compared to host granites.In the soil zone,more HREEs are leached than LREEs,and HREEs are more enriched than LREE in the weathered and sub-weathered zones.It is considered that infiltration and adsorption on clays are two processes controlling the enrichment and formation of REE deposits in the weathering profiles of granite. 相似文献
7.
火山熔岩油气藏是准噶尔盆地油气勘探和开发的重要目标之一。通过对准噶尔盆地西泉地区16口石炭系火山熔岩井的岩心观察、普通薄片和铸体薄片镜下鉴定和定量统计、扫描电镜和X-射线衍射等实验,研究玄武岩、安山岩、英安岩的岩石学特征、孔隙类型及储集特征及异同点,建立火山熔岩成岩演化序列,探讨成岩作用对火山熔岩孔隙演化的影响。研究表明,安山岩的储集空间最发育,孔隙类型及组合多样,多为气孔+斑晶溶孔+基质溶孔+溶蚀缝组合和气孔+斑晶溶孔+基质溶孔+溶蚀缝+构造裂缝组合。英安岩的孔隙组合为气孔+斑晶溶孔+基质溶孔和气孔+斑晶溶孔+基质溶孔+溶蚀缝。玄武岩孔隙类型及组合单一,为构造裂缝+溶蚀缝,构造裂缝+基质溶孔,气孔+溶蚀缝。挥发分逸出作用控制火山熔岩原生气孔的发育,岩浆期后热液作用和充填作用破坏了火山熔岩的储集空间,溶蚀作用、风化淋滤作用和构造破裂作用极大地改善了火山熔岩的储集性能。认为西泉地区石炭系顶部风化剥蚀淋滤带(距石炭系顶面0～20 m)的安山岩是油气聚集的最有利层段。 相似文献
8.
Detailed mineral and chemical studies of samples of syenite rocks with thick weathering rinds, found in the alkaline massifs on Ilha de São Sebastião, illustrate the complex interplay between variables controlling initial weathering processes. An array of geochemical information was obtained by optical and electron microscopy, X-ray analyses, mass spectroscopy and optical spectrometry. Sericite and metahalloysite are the principal phases nucleating and forming as the perthitic feldspar rock matrix disintegrates. Incipient feldspar dissolution and the formation of submicrometer X-ray opaque secondary phases were observed in “fresh rock” material using transmission electron microscopy. Pore waters, from which secondary phases nucleate and grow are under the constant influence, as alteration proceeds, of physical (e.g., accessibility of mineral surfaces to percolating fluids) and chemical (e.g. chemistry of minerals providing the dominant solutes) controls. Minor- and trace-element signatures do not vary significantly except for Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, REE and Pb. Lathanide mobilities appear related to their host-mineral stabilities with respect to ambient pore waters. 相似文献
9.
苏皖玄武岩土壤中风尘的识别及风化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
风尘传输与沉降影响生态系统和元素的生物地球化学循环,对其在成壤作用中的识别与贡献进行研究有重要意义。文章选择在非风尘沉降区的苏皖玄武岩台地典型的两个风化剖面（安徽明光梅花村和江苏盱眙宝塔村）和部分表土及水系沉积物样品,系统分析主要矿物、粘土矿物、常量元素、微量元素及Sr、Nd同位素组成。结果显示,玄武岩基岩基本由斜长石和辉石组成,而风化基岩则主要由蒙脱石构成,风化土壤则出现基岩和风化基岩中未出现的石英、伊利石等风尘特征矿物;基岩和风化基岩以高Mg,低Si、K,无Eu异常等特征,风化土壤则以高Si、K,低Mg,负Eu异常等特征;基岩和风化基岩的εNd偏正,86Sr/87Sr值较低,而风化土壤εNd偏负,86Sr/87Sr值较高;各种证据都显示风尘对风化土壤有重要贡献,通过Nd同位素混合模式计算,风尘对土壤的贡献达60%以上。玄武岩风化表现为完全的蒙脱石化,为显著的去Ca、Mg作用,在梅花村剖面,表层土壤出现Ce负异常,而在下部层位出现Ce正异常,研究还发现在风尘的加积作用,土壤的Si、K含量得以上升。受相对较大的玄武岩台地高程差影响,玄武岩风化产物和沉降的风尘易被降水侵蚀,造成风化剖面较薄,促使玄武岩风化处于“供应限制”模式。本次工作为玄武岩的风化机制,风尘在元素地球化学循环中的作用等提供了新的地质证据。 相似文献
10.
鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界马家沟组顶部遭受长期风化剥蚀,形成了以膏云岩为主的风化壳岩溶储层。通过偏光显微和超微扫描电镜深入观察了（含）膏云岩的孔隙类型及充填规律,分析了其岩溶作用特点,研究了以膏云岩为主的岩溶作用特征与传统碳酸盐岩岩溶作用特征的区别,探讨了膏云岩发育区的岩溶作用模式。结果表明:硬石膏结核和石膏晶体以其强亲水性和远高于白云石、方解石的溶解度,极易率先吸水发生溶解形成组构选择性溶蚀孔隙,导致膏云岩层蜂窝状溶孔的形成。硬石膏的高溶解度和力学不稳定性使得研究区以膏云岩、白云岩和灰云岩互层的风化壳储层以膏模孔、扩溶膏模孔及与之伴生的胀缩微裂缝为主要储集空间,孔隙大小具有明显的自限性。岩性—（含）膏云岩和沉积微相—海平面低位期潮上带（含）膏云坪沉积是储层形成的先天物质基础和环境条件,并因此直接导致（含）膏云岩储层的成层分布特征。表层膏云岩首先遭受淡水淋滤形成蜂窝状溶孔,多层成层分布膏云岩这种独特的物理化学性质使风化壳内的岩溶水以弥散性渗透为主,这是膏云岩发育区岩溶作用特征和模式与碳酸盐岩产生重要差异的根本原因。 相似文献
11.
《Geodinamica Acta》1998,11(5):205-215
We compared the disintegration processes and mineralogic and chemical evolution pathways of two Quaternary basalts at Bakrit and Ifrane, weathered in the same physiographic and hydrologic conditions, but differing in texture according to the quantity of glass present. At Bakrit, quite abundant glass favoured the formation of a microfissure network throughout the rock and its disintegration without any distinct weathering front. As a result, basaltic sand with polymineral grains and a clayey-silty matrix were produced. At Ifrane, weathering of a glass-poor basalt produced only a clayey-silty saprolite. In glass-rich basalts, secondary minerals formed in microfissures and were 2/1 clay-mineral rich. In glass-poor basalts, secondary minerals formed mainly within primary minerals and were 1/1 clay-mineral rich. Because glass could be easily dissolved, it protected the minerals of close chemical composition, especially the plagioclases. The order of basalt-mineral weathering (olivine, labrador, augite, Fe-Ti oxides) was modified when glass was abundant (glass, olivine, augite, labrador, Fe-Ti oxides). 相似文献
12.
川西雅安地区周公山构造周公2井玄武岩取心较长、较完整,并且其紧邻高产气井——周公1井,是研究玄武岩气藏的典型井。以岩石学特征为基础,宏观和微观相结合,从岩心、电性、物性、微观特征入手将周公2井取心段峨眉山玄武岩中储层段岩石学特征、孔隙类型、流体特征及其纵向上的分布发育特征进行归纳总结并与1井产层段进行了对比研究。分析认为,川西南部地区玄武岩有利储层分布于2处,一处为顶部普遍发育的数米厚风化壳,另一处是旋回中上部的富含杏仁体角砾化玄武岩。第二类储层中发育沥青并伴随发育石英,溶孔、溶洞、裂缝普遍,但渗透率较小;其有效储集空间大多数由次生作用产生,喷溢间歇期的构造作用、风化及溶蚀作用良好的匹配关系至关重要;后期形成的构造裂缝与垂直于层面的节理缝较易形成开放体系,极可能就是破坏周公2井气藏保存条件的主要因素。 相似文献
13.
采用岩芯观察、薄片鉴定、成像测井及地震资料分析等手段,对滴西地区石炭系火山岩储集空间类型、形成因素及
展布特征进行了研究。结果表明,滴西地区石炭系火山岩储集层岩类主要为玄武岩、正长斑岩、火山角砾岩及熔结凝灰岩。
储集空间可划分为原生孔隙、次生孔隙、原生裂缝及次生裂缝四种类型。其中,原生孔隙主要为气孔和粒间孔,原生裂缝
发育收缩缝和炸裂缝;次生孔隙以晶内溶孔、基质溶孔占绝对优势,次生裂缝以构造缝为主。研究区控制储集空间形成的
因素主要为火山岩岩性岩相、风化淋滤作用、构造作用及溶蚀作用,原生储集空间类型及发育位置受岩性岩相控制,而后
三种作用是该区形成次生储集空间的主要原因,且从西北至东南方向,其控制因素依次由岩性岩相过渡为风化淋滤作用,
直至构造和溶蚀作用 。据此,滴西17,14 井区的玄武岩原生气孔、火山角砾岩内粒间孔受岩性岩相控制均呈东北向长条状
展布;滴西10 井区熔结凝灰岩和火山角砾岩中的次生溶孔围绕断裂展布;滴西18 井区的斑晶、基质溶孔受岩体及断裂共同
制约。 相似文献
14.
Javier Garcia-Guinea Lorena Recio-Vazquez Gonzalo Almendros David Benavente Virgilio Correcher Antonio Perez-Garcia Sergio Sanchez-Moral Angel Fernandez-Cortes 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(5):1733-1750
The huge sculptures placed outdoors in the Valley of the Fallen Memorial Park (El Escorial, Madrid) made with blocks of Black-Limestone from Calatorao-Zaragoza, Spain (BLCZ) and disposed on a concrete core exhibit weathering traces, flaking, saline efflorescence and falling fragments, currently represent a danger for visitors. Frost action is important in the Valley of the Fallen by the large number of freeze–thaw cycles produced during Sculptures‘live under a temperate Mediterranean climate with severe seasonality. The formation of fissures facilitates the water transport within the rock and the salt- and ice-induced deterioration. Temperate climates with frequent freezing and thawing cycles can be the most effective drivers of the visible physical weathering. In order to propose a suitable weathering model, collected black-limestones from sculptures and Calatorao quarries were analyzed by optical microscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (ESEM-EDS), inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray diffraction. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), nitrogen absorption and helium pycnometry techniques were used for pore analyses of the BLCZ micro-blocks (10 × 10 × 10 cm) described in terms of pore size distribution, pore volume and specific surface area. The appreciable amount of organic matter was isolated by solvent extraction, acid treatment, flotation and perborate degradation followed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), Analytical Pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS), Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy and Raman techniques. Both weathered and fresh BLCZ samples contained more than 90 % calcite shells with circa 10 % of pyrite (fresh samples) or iron hydroxides (weathered samples), quartz grains, claystone and fossil organic matter consisting of a condensed matrix with polyalkyl chains and polycyclic methoxyl-lacking aromatic structures. The petrophysical analyses revealed volumes of pores, sized <0.025 μm obtained by N2 adsorption, of 3.18 × 10?3 cm3 g?1 while the measured porosity by MIP in the pore range from 0.005 to 200 μm was 3.30 × 10?3 cm3 g?1. These data could be explained by the existence of clay minerals and organic matter in the pore system less than 50 nm of diameter. Concerning BLCZ deterioration it was found that the porous framework of BLCZ was filled with sulphates formed from artificial cement observed in the sculptures inside trough a testing hole and from its intrinsic pyrite. The results suggested that although biological processes were not major agents in rock deterioration, there was also weak compatibility between sculptures‘constituents, (limestone, concrete and oxidized iron clamps) which under, continental Mediterranean conditions, were continuously releasing weathering compounds accelerating disruption of the cut-stone sculptures. 相似文献
15.
AbstractWe compared the disintegration processes and mineralogic and chemical evolution pathways of two Quaternary basalts at Bakrit and Ifrane, weathered in the same physiographic and hydrologic conditions, but differing in texture according to the quantity of glass present. At Bakrit, quite abundant glass favoured the formation of a microfissure network throughout the rock and its disintegration without any distinct weathering front. As a result, basaltic sand with polymineral grains and a clayey-silty matrix were produced. At Ifrane, weathering of a glass-poor basalt produced only a clayey-silty saprolite. In glass-rich basalts, secondary minerals formed in microfissures and were 2/1 clay-mineral rich. In glass-poor basalts, secondary minerals formed mainly within primary minerals and were 1/1 clay-mineral rich. Because glass could be easily dissolved, it protected the minerals of close chemical composition, especially the plagioclases. The order of basalt-mineral weathering (olivine, labrador, augite, Fe-Ti oxides) was modified when glass was abundant (glass, olivine, augite, labrador, Fe-Ti oxides). © Elsevier, Paris 相似文献
16.
石炭系风化壳是准噶尔盆地火山岩油气储集层的主要类型,物性明显好于同时代原生型火山岩。通过对陆梁隆起滴西地区的铸体薄片与岩心观测,发现风化淋滤对火山岩储集性能的改造主要体现在孔隙上,对裂缝的改造作用不明显。由于火山岩形成的构造环境与古地貌存在差异,不同的海拔高度决定了其接受风化时间的长短。准噶尔盆地内石炭系不整合上覆地层时代存在明显差异,下二叠统至白垩系均有分布。最长风化时长在东部隆起约为150Ma,在陆梁隆起约为100Ma,在西部隆起约为55Ma;而3处隆起最少则仅缺失部分上石炭统-下二叠统。风化时长的长短与火山岩孔隙度的大小呈近波峰状对应关系,火山岩孔隙度初始随风化时长的增大(至约30Ma)逐渐增大,在到达峰值(对应风化时长约40Ma)后随时长的增大(55～100Ma)逐渐减小。最大的孔隙度均出现在火山角砾岩和玄武岩中,安山岩的孔隙度次之,而凝灰岩的孔隙度最小。 相似文献
17.
阿克库勒地区卡拉沙依组碎屑岩储层的成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较低．储层的次生溶蚀孔隙所占比例远高了：原生孔隙，次生孔隙是储层的主要储集空间．样品数据统计显示，卡拉沙依组储层属于低孔、低渗储层类型．根据岩石薄片、铸体薄片观察及储层样品的扫描电镜和阴极发光分析结果，本区石炭系储层主要经历的成岩作用有压实（压溶）作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用和交代作用，其中碳酸盐矿物的沉淀和溶蚀作用是本区卡拉沙依组储层所经历的最重要的成岩作用．成岩作用已达到晚成岩B期，早期方解石交代石英颗粒并发生大量溶蚀，生成大量次生孔隙，晚期方解石没有发生溶蚀． 相似文献
18.
渤海海域发育勘探潜力巨大的覆盖型潜山,这类潜山储集层的发育特征及分布模式是当前潜山油气勘探研究的重点和难点。利用地震、测井、铸体薄片、井壁岩心、常规物性、扫描电镜和X衍射等资料,开展了石臼坨—辽西凸起覆盖型潜山储集层的发育特征、主控因素和分布模式研究。研究结果表明: (1)覆盖型潜山以长英质含量较高的混合花岗岩为主,发育多种类型的溶蚀孔隙和裂缝,其中构造裂缝是最主要的储集空间。储集层平均孔隙度为2.2%,平均渗透率为0.445×10-3 μm2。覆盖型潜山自上而下可划分为风化黏土带、风化砂砾岩带、风化裂缝带、裂缝发育带、相对致密带和基岩带。 (2)富长英质的岩石为裂缝型储集层的形成提供了物质基础,较高的长英质含量利于构造成缝和风化、淋滤、溶蚀改造。 (3)印支期—燕山期的强烈隆升是形成优质风化壳储集层的必要条件,而多期次构造作用叠加是潜山规模裂缝型储集层形成的关键,储集层距印支—燕山主控断裂的远近和所处构造部位进一步影响了裂缝的发育。 (4)风化淋滤对于覆盖型潜山储集层的改造具有重要作用,是控制储集层垂向分带性的主要因素。 (5)建立了覆盖型潜山储集层的分布模式,叠合破碎带的风化裂缝带和裂缝发育带是优质储集层的有利发育部位,二层结构潜山风化壳更为发育,多期构造活动叠加区域潜山内幕裂缝带厚度更大,裂缝发育带和破碎带发育更为密集。 相似文献
19.
赤水地区中三叠统雷口坡组的气藏是１９９１年初发现的，其储层主要发育在雷一＾１中段。储集岩主要为溶孔粉晶云岩，储集空间为晶间孔、晶间溶孔及溶孔。受沉积环境控制，成岩早期的淡水溶蚀作用是形成储集性的主要原因，导致雷一＾１亚段的储层具明显的成层性，而印支期抬升引起的风化淋滤作用进一步改善了储集性。成岩期的石膏充填则是使储集空间遭破坏的主要因素。本文通过“四性研究”，充分利用岩石学、岩石地球化学及各种微电 相似文献
20.
鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界马家沟组顶部遭受长期风化剥蚀,形成了以膏云岩为主的风化壳岩溶储集层。盆地西部包括桃2区块在内的马家沟组马五1-4亚段以(含)膏云岩、白云岩和灰云岩互层发育为主。借助岩心观察、偏光显微分析和扫描电镜超微分析,识别出多层成层分布的(含)膏云岩;通过对硬石膏、白云石和方解石等矿物的物理和化学性质对比研究,认为(含)膏云岩的膏模孔、扩溶膏模孔及与之伴生的胀缩微裂缝为主要储集空间,孔隙大小具有明显的自限性,受硬石膏结核和石膏晶体大小的制约;岩性((含)膏云岩)和沉积微相(潮上带(含)膏云坪)是储集层形成的先天物质基础和环境条件,并导致(含)膏云岩储集层的层控分布特征;4期溶蚀作用过程中,硬石膏晶体和结核的组构选择性溶蚀和阶段性充填,是储集层形成的关键过程;储集层为层状相控、受岩溶作用影响,但岩溶地貌对储集层分布不再有决定性控制作用。(含)膏云岩发育区分散流的弥散性渗透溶蚀是大洞大缝不发育的主要原因。“层状相控岩溶作用岩性气藏”观点的提出将促使研究区下古生界从“岩溶古地貌气藏”向“相控岩性气藏”勘探的深刻转变。 相似文献