共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Z. S. Nikiforova S. G. Prudnikov V. I. Lebedev Ch. K. Oidup E. G. Tulaeva 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2007,42(1):21-27
Issue of the influence of eolian processes on the formation of gold placers in the Tuva region is considered. It has been revealed that the formation of placers is related not only to hydrodynamic processes but also to eolian processes, which are reflected in the formation of relief, redistribution of metal, and reworking of the useful component. Study of typomorphic features of the eolian gold and regularities of its redistribution revealed the possibility of discovery of a new type of placer gold (eolian and heterogeneous placers). 相似文献
2.
Typomorphic features of placer gold in the eastern Siberian Platform were studied to determine its genesis. It was established
that this region contains abundant alluvial bar placers, which were formed mainly by the erosion of gold reservoirs of different
ages. Discovery of gold with the points of eolian reworking in the Quaternary sediments allows us to predict the eolian gold
placers in individual areas of the northeastern and central parts of the eastern Siberian Platform. Identification of two
types of gold on the basis of typomorphic features in the Cenozoic deposits indicates that placer gold was mainly derived
from the Precambrian sources spatially confined to the exposure of ancient basement, as well as from local ore occurrences
related to the Mesozoic tectonomagmatic activation. Thus, two main stages of ore formation (Precambrian and Mesozoic), were
substantiated for the first time in the eastern Siberian Platform. 相似文献
3.
Z. S. Nikiforova B. B. Gerasimov E. G. Glushkova A. G. Kazhenkina 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2013,55(4):265-277
The data on typomorphism of placer gold and its localization in the eastern Siberian Platform have been integrated for the first time. The alluvial, pseudolode, and eolian morphology of gold determines the origin of placers, which is explained not only by hydrodynamic but also by eolian processes. The recent and older alluvial (Au-bearing reservoir rocks in the second case), as well as eolian (unconventional type), genetic types of placers are recognized in the given territory. Precambrian and Mesozoic stages of ore formation are distinguished by the set of typomorphic attributes of placer gold (chemical composition, microinclusions, internal structure, etc.). On the basis of distinguishing features of placer gold, Precambrian lode deposits of great depth spatially related to outcrops of the basement have been forecasted for the first time and classified into low-sulfide gold-quartz, Au-bearing banded iron formation, Au-Cu porphyry, and Au-PGE types. The inferred shallow-seated gold-silver and gold-sulfide-quartz disseminated deposits occur locally and are related to the Mesozoic tectonomagmatic reactivation. The elaborated methods and approaches to the study of placer gold typomorphism in the eastern Siberian Platform also could be helpful in providing insights into placer origin, and forecasting and prospecting gold deposits on the East European Platform, which is close to the Siberian Platform in geological evolution. 相似文献
4.
Compositional variations and morphological evolution in platinum beach placers, southern New Zealand
Morphologies of placer platinum group minerals (PGM) are more variable and resistant to modification during transport than placer gold grains. This study documents morphological evolution of PGM placer grains during up to 120 km of transport in beach placers after river transport from inferred sources up to 200 km inland. PGM morphological changes are calibrated with changes in morphology of associated placer gold. Most of the PGM are Pt-Fe alloy and have been fed into the beach placer system from a large river at the western end of the beaches on the south coast of New Zealand. The incoming fluvial PGM suite includes Os, Ir and Ru alloys which may have been derived from distal ophiolitic sources. More proximal sources have Ural-Alaskan affinities and these contributed cooperite and braggite, or sperrylite, locally, as well as Pt-Fe alloy grains. Some PGM may have been recycled through Cretaceous-Quaternary fluvial sediments before entering the modern placer system. Recycled placer PGM grains have also been derived from elevated Quaternary beaches near the coastline. PGM grains entering beach placers have rough surfaces, with remnants of crystal faces, and these evolve to smooth flakes with progressive long-shore transport. PGM flakes have slightly thickened rims caused by impacts by saltating sand on windy beaches, and the most distal beach placers contain flakes with incipient toroidal shapes. These PGM incipient toroids are poorly developed compared to accompanying well-formed toroidal gold that has developed in nearly all beach placers, including those on elevated Quaternary beaches. Typical PGM and gold placer grain size decreases with increasing distance of transport, from fluvial grain size of 400–1,000 to ～200 microns on the most distal beaches, accompanied by eastward loss of equant PGM grains and associated increase in proportion of flakes. Although net transport distance is ～120 km in the beach placer complex, frequent aeolian transport of grains from beach to dunes and subsequent recycling by storm surges substantially increased total transport distance in a dynamic windy tectonic environment. 相似文献
5.
Typomorphic features of native gold and its contents in complex Ti–Zr placers in the southern West Siberian Plain are reported. Three of the placers are of littoral-marine genesis, and two formed under conditions of an alluvial piedmont plain. Native gold from the studied Ti–Zr placers occurs mainly as flattened thin (?0.1 mm) particles which underwent mechanical action. It is marked by wide fineness variation and the abundance of a very fine (990–1000‰) variety. Most likely, this is chemically transformed clastogenic metal. The gold content of the productive bed (5–30 mg/m3 native gold and 8–140 ppb bulk gold) is consistent with the dispersion of heavy ore and accessory minerals during mechanical migration in water flows simultaneously with their concentration on geochemical barriers. The native-gold content of complex Ti–Zr placers shows a higher negative correlation with the primary source–placer distance than those of Ti and Zr minerals and a positive correlation with the degree of hydrodynamic reworking (gravity concentration) of transit terrigenous material. On the southern framing of the West Siberian Plain, some regions of northern Kazakhstan are promising for gold of complex Ti–Zr placers as well as fine- and thin-gold placers, gold-bearing weathering crusts, and primary gold deposits. 相似文献
6.
The mineral field structure of a complex placer is a set of features reflecting the distribution and correlation of useful
and accompanying placer-forming minerals, their variation trends, the ordering degree of mineral assemblages, inhomogeneity
levels, etc. The mineral field structure is one of the most important characteristics of polymineral placers. Along with other
properties, it allows one to judge the regional and local formation condition of a placer and to assign it to a certain dynamic
class. The informativeness of this parameter increases if the mineral field inhomogeneity of complex placers is estimated
using various statistical models, in particular, the method of major components, which is one of the modifications of the
factor analysis. This method allows one to restore the structure of such a multifactor system as mineral assemblages of complex
heavy-mineral placers. This analysis yields particularly interesting results in the reconstruction of formation environments
of fossil placers that have lost connection with the recent topography (Devonian gold-diamond-rare metal placers in the middle
Timan region and Mesozoic-Cenozoic titanium-zirconium placers in northern Kazakhstan). It is demonstrated that the mineral
field of a proximal polymineral placer is extremely disordered; its mineral assemblages primarily reflect the provenance rock
composition and only insignificantly the formation environment of the placer itself. The mineral field of a complex coastal-marine
placer of heavy minerals (CMP), in contrast, reflects practically exclusively the lithodynamic situation within the shoreline
zone, including an influence of local factors. Only in exceptional cases, the inhomogeneity of the mineral field of a certain
CMP reflects an additional influence of rocks of the source area. 相似文献
7.
By the amount of extracted placer and primary gold (~1300 t), Amur province is one of the major gold provinces of Russia. Its numerous placers yielded almost 1132 t Au in contrast to ~180 t from primary deposits. The central part of the province is most productive for placer and primary gold in comparison with the periphery. Native gold from placers has moderately high and high fineness, and its composition corresponds to that of gold from dominant gold–quartz and gold–quartz–sulfide deposits and occurrences. The preponderance of placer gold in gold production indicates significant prospects for discovery of new gold deposits. 相似文献
8.
BRYAN KRAPEZ 《Sedimentology》1985,32(2):223-234
Five local varieties of the Ventersdorp Contact placer at the East Driefontein Gold Mine, Carletonville, are distinguished by clast-type assemblage, reflecting discrete provenances. The placer further comprises six lithofacies which are not restricted to specific provenance-varieties. The six lithofacies are: massive, matrix-supported conglomerate (facies Gms): massive, or crudely bedded, clast-supported conglomerate (facies Gm); channel-based conglomerate (facies Gt); single clast layers (facies Glag); horizontally stratified sandstone (facies Sh); and trough cross-stratified sandstone (facies St). Facies Gms represents debris-flow deposits, whereas the other facies are stream deposits. Lithofacies and provenance-varieties are complexly interrelated in local environments, which are themselves complexly related to geomorphic elements of a degradation surface. The maximum thickness of the placer is 7 m. The placer was deposited on a hard, i.e. non-alluvial, bedrock surface, suggesting that it is a pediment mantle. It owes its preservation to a capping of conformably overlying basalts. Economic gold mineralization is present in all the conglomerate facies and all the provenance-varieties. Gold concentrations are high in gravel-bar deposits and channel fills but are not restricted to these environments. A major feature of gold concentration is its variability between provenance-controlled varieties. The gold concentration of a specific primary source is interpreted to be a major control on gold concentration in the final deposit. The origin of the placer as a pediment mantle, and its subsequent preservation by lava-flows, suggests that there was little potential for selective reworking of heavy minerals. Nevertheless, the Ventersdorp Contact placer on the Carletonville Goldfield is one of the richest gold placers in the Witwatersrand Basin. 相似文献
9.
10.
Yu. I. Goldfarb 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2007,49(4):241-270
The comprehensive study of alluvial gold placers, fluvial sediments, and river valleys allowed division of these placers into subtypes, categories, and varieties on the basis of genetic principles. The comparison of observation results with reconstructions of placer-forming fluvial processes demonstrates the distinct dependence of all basic properties of placers on the dynamics of their formation, i.e., on the hydraulic size of gold grains, the dimensions of streams, and the phase of the elementary erosion cycle (PEC). Four PECs are distinguished: erosion, abrasion, equilibrium, and aggradation. A lithodynamic alluvial complex (LDAC) of the same name corresponds to each PEC. Any fractions of free gold can be transported by streams, and the mode of transportation depends on the PEC. Placers of eight dynamic categories, brush, erosion, perluvial, apron, bar, equilibrium, aggradational, and gravitational, are syngenetic to certain lithofacies belonging to different LDACs. The first four categories are combined into the channel-line subtype, which embraces all traditional placers. The nontraditional bar and equilibrium (beach subtype) and aggradational and gravitational categories (representing two subtypes of the same name (?)) are so far poorly studied but may be regarded as highly promising. The size, morphology, thickness, structure, and localization of placers; average and modal values of size and roundness of gold grains; degree of their sorting and concentration; three-dimensional distribution of gold; composition of alluvium; relationships of placers with alluvium and the gutter, river valleys of various sizes, and types of morphostructures; and other features are distinct for placers pertaining to specific categories and make up natural groups individualized for each category. The correlation of placer properties in each category makes these properties predictable at the early stages of geological exploration and enhances the efficiency of forecasting and prospecting. In high-grade gold clusters, closely spaced placers group into composite deposits. The subdivision of these placers into categories makes it possible to apply rational methods and tools of exploration and mining of placers; to estimate the character, volume, and location of previous losses of gold; and to select targets for their remining. The dynamic analysis of recently formed and ancient placers is helpful for implementation of panning and interpretation of the results obtained in the context of prospecting for gold. The proposed classification may be used not only in the study of stream gold but also in the exploration of some other placer deposits. 相似文献
11.
I.S. Litvinenko 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2012,53(7):657-668
We consider the formation of the Dal’nii (Dal’nyaya) eluvial gold placer (Bol’shoi Anyui ore–placer district, western Chukchi Peninsula), related to the Dal’nii (Dal’nee) gold-bearing porphyry Mo–Cu occurrence. The Dal’nii placer is located within the transition between the Kur’ya Ridge and Anyui basin, which has been relatively stable at the recent (Pliocene–Quaternary) tectonic stage. Minor recent uplift has determined the slight denudation of interfluves, the leading role of eluvial processes in the formation of a loose cover on them, and the preservation of the relict matter of pre-Pliocene chemical-weathering crusts (including the oxidized zones of orebodies) in present-day eluvium. The Dal’nii placer consists of relict weathering-crust placers altered by recent eluvial processes in different degrees. Therefore, it is relatively rich in metal, whereas the primary lode contains mainly fine-sized gold, which is almost not released from ore under periglacial lithogenesis in present-day interfluves. We suggest calling this genetic type of placers “residual-eluvial.” The primary lodes being highly eroded (during the formation of residual concentrations, which serve as an intermediate reservoir for these placers), residual-eluvial placers or their parts might not be directly related to specific orebodies at the present-day level of erosional truncation. 相似文献
12.
梧桐河-都鲁河流域是我国主要砂金富集区之一.区内以流水成因河漫滩砂金矿和阶地砂金矿为主.砂金矿的分布,明显地受矿质来源、新构造运动、水动力条件和沉积环境的控制.砂金矿体多呈带状、条带状赋存于河谷堆积物的底部,在矿体中经常出现一至几个富矿地段.砂金粒度为0.03-3.5mm.区内砂金矿的找矿前景好,主要找矿标志是旧采金迹、金矿化异常区和老变质岩分布区.根据砂金矿的分布和富集规律,可在五号山、小梧桐河北支沟、西梧桐河二支沟一带寻找岩金矿. 相似文献
13.
热带，亚热带气候，强烈切割的三家河地区的第四纪地质作用对三家河流域内砂金矿的形成具有直接意义，其砂金矿床类型，富集规律，成矿期次及矿床的工业意义均是第四纪地质作用的体现。 相似文献
14.
该区具有重要工业意义的砂金矿床,几乎皆是流水成因的。研究其矿质来源、含金地质体的风化剥蚀作用、砂金矿在河谷中的搬运方式和距离、砂金矿的成矿作用及矿床特征,不但可以扩大砂金矿的找矿前景,还能为在砂金矿分布区寻找岩金矿提供依据。 相似文献
15.
The Blagoevgrad Basin, a graben filled with Neogene–Quaternary continental sedimentary successions, is one of the most prospective placer-gold bearing regions in southwestern Bulgaria. The Quaternary sediments have been well explored and economically prospective areas have been identified. Previous studies indicated very limited occurrences of placer gold in the Neogene sediments, the genesis of which is connected with resedimentation of Paleogene sediments from the adjacent Bobov dol Basin to the north. From these previous studies, a detailed allo- and lithostratigraphic scheme, and paleogeographic models were developed.The present study aimed to evaluate the plausibility of the existing stratigraphic schemes and paleogeographic models for the area, through detailed study of the heavy mineral fraction of the Neogene and part of the Quaternary sediments from the southern part of the Blagoevgrad Basin. Additional objectives were to determine the mode of occurrence and the stratigraphic position of the placer gold in the Neogene sediments, and to investigate possible source areas. Special attention was paid to the mineral composition and the structure of the opaque detrital Fe–Ti oxide minerals, and the typologic features of the zircons. The results obtained could be used as a provenance indicator and for determination of the nature of the source area and the processes that operated therein.A very important finding is the discovery of placer gold in an additional three Neogene units. The morphologic features of the gold grains indicate short transport or proximity to the primary source. This interpretation is inconsistent with existing hypotheses on the origin and presence of the gold in the sediments of the basin. The characteristics of the magnetic heavy mineral fraction, and the morphologic features of zircon grains in auriferous samples, indicate the diorites and gabbro-diorites from the Strouma Diorite Group, which outcrop along the eastern edge of the graben, as a possible source.The stratigraphic distribution of the heavy minerals fully supports the plausibility of the existing detailed allo- and lithostratigraphic subdivision, and the paleogeographic model for the development of the southern part of the basin. Also, the results provide support for the soundness of an allostratigraphic approach for the study and exploration of placer deposits in basins similar to the Blagoevgrad. 相似文献
16.
Dave Craw 《Mineralium Deposita》2013,48(7):841-860
Many alluvial placer deposits around the world occur in river systems that have been affected by tectonic events, causing drainage reorientation and severance of links between placers and their sources. This study documents tectonic rejuvenation of topography in the Otago giant placer goldfield, New Zealand, which has resulted in numerous river capture and drainage reorientation events. These events have induced changes to gold transport directions and numerous stages of separation of detrital gold from primary sources. Goldfield-wide reconstructions of drainage patterns through time are as yet only possible for Miocene–Recent, and numerous earlier drainage changes back to Cretaceous primary orogenic mineralisation are probable. Variations in basement lithologies permit auriferous gravel provenance determinations, facilitating paleodrainage pattern reconstruction and documentation of river capture events. River capture events and timing of these events for gold-bearing paleodrainages have also been documented using genetic divergences of populations of freshwater galaxiid fish that were isolated by drainage reorientation. Gold-bearing quartz pebble conglomerates had a southeastward drainage in the Miocene. This was disrupted in the Pliocene by mountain range uplift and gold placer recycling, with deposition of lithic conglomerates containing only minor gold placers. The most dramatic changes in gold transport directions occurred through the Quaternary, as antiformal ranges grew across the pre-existing drainages. Miocene and Pliocene placers were recycled with numerous local (1–10 km scale) changes in river directions and numerous capture events. Large axial rivers were segmented into a more complex drainage pattern, and on-going river capture resulted in growth of the main Clutha River catchment at the expense of neighbouring catchments. The most productive placers developed in the Clutha River in late Quaternary when increased discharge from captured mountain catchments enhanced gold transport and concentration. Similar river drainage reorientation has occurred in other placer fields around the world, but the lack of preserved evidence inhibits documentation of most such changes. 相似文献
17.
Economic concentrations of detrital gold are rare in young foreland basins due to paucity of significant gold sources, and a paucity of sediment recycling processes during filling of the foreland basin. Gold shed into the foreland basins is typically widely dispersed in an overwhelming volume of immature basin-fill detritus of no economic significance. In the actively forming Canterbury Basin of New Zealand, minor gold concentration occurs at the mountain front in the bed of the Rakaia River, and 60 km downstream on beaches and the crest of foredunes at the river mouth. The Cretaceous–Tertiary Denver and Western Canada Basins in North America also have minor gold concentrations at the mountain front, and minor gold dispersal into the basin. Tectonic quiescence in the middle Tertiary in the Denver Basin kept gold within 20 km of the mountain front, where renewed uplift in late Tertiary caused minor economic concentrations to form in modern streams. Gold has been transported ca. 200 km across the Western Canada basin by progressive recycling of gravel during slow (ca. 10 to 50 m/Ma) middle Tertiary–Recent regional uplift and tilting, but little concentration has occurred. Development of significant placers in a foreland basin, the generally accepted setting for the Witwatersrand Au-U palaeoplacers, appears to require specific tectonic conditions during and/or after basin evolution to drive the sedimentary recycling necessary for significant placer development. Such tectonic conditions have not occurred in an any of the three young foreland basins examined in this study. 相似文献
18.
Dahab stream sediments, southeastern Sinai, Egypt: a potential source of gold, magnetite and zircon 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. A. Surour A. A. El-Kammar E. H. Arafa H. M. Korany 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2003,77(1):25-43
The stream sediments of Dahab area, southeastern Sinai, Egypt, were studied for their content of economic minerals. These sediments are immature as indicated by poor sorting and other mechanical parameters. They are derived from Precambrian basement rocks, which are mostly represented by granitic rocks in addition to lesser amounts of volcanics and gabbros. The mineralogical investigation revealed that these sediments contain considerable amounts of placer gold, Fe–Ti oxides and zircon.The concentrated Fe–Ti oxides comprise homogeneous magnetite and ilmenite in addition to ilmeno-magnetite, hemo-ilmenite and rutile–hematite intergrowths. Isodynamic separation of some raw samples of SIZE=1 mm revealed that up to 15.12% magnetic minerals can be recovered. Zircon shows remarkable variations in morphology, colour, chemistry and provenance. U-poor and U-rich varieties of zircon were discriminated containing UO2 in the ranges of 0.04–1.19 and 3.05–3.68 wt.%, respectively. REE-bearing minerals comprise monazite, allanite and La-cerianite.On mineralogical basis, the present work suggests that Dahab stream sediments represent a promising target for further geochemical exploration for precious metals, especially gold. Fire assay data indicate that placer gold in the studied sediments sometimes reaches 15.34 g/t. Narrow gullies and valleys cutting the basement manifest the development and preservation of gold in this arid environment. Background concentration of gold and variation in lithology suggest multiple source of the metal in the investigated sediments. 相似文献
19.
浅谈冲积型砂金矿床成矿模式——以陕西月河砂金矿床为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文通过对砂金矿床形成过程的分析认为:在地壳局部下沉过程中,砂金在水等强应力作用下,与砾石、砂一起进入沉积盆地,形成砂金的中间储存体;随着地壳的间歇性上升,在蛇曲河流的作用下由于砂金与砾石的运动规律相仿,故和砾面一起被保留在河流冲刷面上的河床滞留砾石沉积中。当地壳多次间歇性上升后,使砂金中间储存体中分散的砂金集中富集在河床滞留砾石层中,从而形成砂金矿床。 相似文献
20.
Association of titanium-zirconium placers and phosphate mineralization in Upper Cretaceous rocks of the East European Platform
is shown with the Tsentral’noe (Central) and Unecha deposits as example. This paragenesis is caused by interaction between
the multicomponent placer ore (phosphate-rare metal) concentrations and mechanical-chemical differentiation that shows up
periodically during the sub-aerial migration of sedimentary material. Clastic ore components were mainly derived from intermediate
collectors, while the phosphate material was delivered by the phosphate-containing solutions and particulates in the chemical
weathering crust. Such phosphorite-titanium-zirconium occurrences can also be detected in other regions, including areas with
rare metal placers. 相似文献