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1.
基于一种高精度间接边界元法(IBEM), 实现了沉积盆地三维地震响应的频域、 时域精细求解, 并以半空间中椭球形沉积盆地对平面P波和SV波的散射为例, 着重探讨了入射角度、 入射波型、 入射频率、 盆地长宽比和深宽比对沉积盆地地震动放大效应的影响规律． 结果表明: 盆地形状对地震波的放大效应和空间分布状态具有显著影响, 且具体规律受控于入射波频段． ① 随着盆地深度增大, 盆地边缘面波发育更为充分, 在较宽频段内均会出现显著的地震动放大效应, 且深盆地的放大区域集中于盆地中部． ② 圆形盆地对地震波的汇聚效应最为显著, 而狭长盆地对地震波的汇聚作用相对较弱, 高频情况下可在盆地内部形成多个聚焦区域． ③ 不同波型入射下, 盆地对地震动放大效应的机制有所差异: P波入射下, 竖向位移放大主要是由于盆地边缘面波由四周向中部汇聚所致; SV波入射下, 边缘面波汇聚效应相对较弱, 而当盆地较深时, 底部透射体波和边缘面波易形成同相干涉从而显著放大地震动． 按盆地内外介质波速比为1/2, P波和SV波垂直入射下频域最大放大倍数分别为25和15, 时域放大倍数约为4.0和3.7(雷克子波)． ④ 低频波入射下, 位移从盆地中部向边缘逐渐减小, 且浅层沉积盆地对地表位移幅值的放大作用不明显． ⑤ P波和SV波的入射角度对盆地地震动放大幅值及空间分布特征也具有显著影响． 相似文献
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基于间接边界元法计算沉积河谷对平面P波和SV波的二维散射,着重考察沉积介质波速和材料阻尼的随机性对河谷地震动放大效应。利用蒙特卡罗方法随机模拟产生了波速样本和阻尼样本各30组,给出了不同入射角度和频率P波和SV波入射下河谷随机响应的单频和频谱结果。算例分析结果表明:(1)地表位移响应幅值的变异系数极值均显著大于波速比变异系数,且波速比的随机性对地表位移的影响在体系共振频率处最为明显,地表位移的最大标准差可达7.168;低频情况下,沉积中部地震反应变异性更显著,高频情况下则在沉积河谷边缘变异性最大;(2)入射波角度对地表位移响应变异系数极值的影响不大,但对变异系数空间变化的影响显著;(3)阻尼的随机性对地表位移的影响在低频情况下较小,在高频情况下则较明显,尤其是在沉积河谷的体系自振频率处,其影响最为显著。 相似文献
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针对三维沉积盆地对球面波的散射问题,发展一种快速宽频间接边界元方法(IBEM)。利用ANSYS建立求解模型,基于Intel-Fortran编译器编译相应的计算程序,对基岩半空间三维半椭球形盆地对球面波的散射进行了数值分析,着重探讨入射波频率、波源埋深、波源与不规则地形(沉积盆地)距离等参数对地震动特性的影响规律,计算方法适用于求解任意复杂形状的局部场地,实现对沉积盆地三维地震响应的频域精细求解。研究结果表明:随着入射波频率增大,沉积盆地相对半空间的放大效应越显著,且干涉效应越强烈;高频波入射时,由于盆地底部透射的体波和盆地内部由体波转换为的面波以及从盆地边缘处透射的体波相互叠加,次方向位移出现一定的边缘效应。位移频谱分析表明,沉积盆地在较低频率时,地表不同点位的主方向位移幅值基本相同;在较高频率域内,地表不同点位的位移频谱特性差别很大;球面波入射与平面波入射相比之下,位移幅值均有所降低。整体来看,随着膨胀波源与盆地水平距离增大,地表主方向最大位移幅值降低,地表次方向位移聚焦区域增加且分布更分散。 相似文献
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基于间接边界元法计算沉积河谷对平面P波和SV波的二维散射,着重考察沉积介质波速比和材料阻尼比的随机性对河谷地震动放大效应的影响.利用蒙特卡罗方法随机模拟产生了波速比样本和阻尼样本各30组,给出了不同入射角度和频率的P波和SV波入射下河谷随机响应的单频和频谱结果.算例分析结果表明:①地表位移响应幅值的变异系数极值均显著大于波速比变异系数,且波速比的随机性对地表位移的影响在体系共振频率处最为显著,地表位移的标准差最大可达7.168;低频情况下,沉积中部地震动反应的变异性更显著,高频情况下则在沉积河谷边缘变异性最大;②入射角对地表位移响应变异系数极值的影响不大,但对变异系数空间变化的影响显著;③阻尼比随机性对地表位移的影响在低频情况下较小,在高频情况下则较明显,尤其是在沉积河谷的体系自振频率处,其影响最为显著. 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2015,(1)
沉积河谷对地震动具有显著的放大效应,而软夹层的存在对其放大程度具有较大影响。采用一种高精度有限元-间接边界积分方程耦合方法,对P、SV和Rayleigh波入射下含软夹层层状沉积谷地地震响应进行计算分析。分析表明,软夹层的影响规律依赖于入射波的波型、频率和角度、软夹层的厚度和埋深等因素。整体上看,对于地表位移,较低频率地震波入射下,软夹层的放大效应比较明显,且较厚夹层在浅埋情况下的放大作用更为显著;对高频波入射则主要表现为减震效应。对于地表加速度,软夹层主要表现出降幅作用,降低幅度可达30%。另外,总体上软夹层对于P波的影响要大于对SV波的影响。 相似文献
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探讨了基于差分进化-人工神经网络构建沉积河谷地震响应代理模型的可行性。首先建立沉积河谷对地震波散射的求解方法,以半圆形、V形沉积河谷为例,以入射波条件、沉积内外介质属性、场地形状为特征参数,以沉积河谷地震动放大系数为预测目标参数,构建数据集;其次,建立沉积河谷地震动放大效应人工神经网络、差分进化-人工神经网络算法预测模型,对比两种算法计算精度和稳定性,并进行了特征参数敏感性分析。结果表明:人工神经网络能较好地预测沉积河谷地震动放大效应,使差分进化-人工神经网络预测模型的精度和稳定性显著提高;入射波频率是影响沉积河谷地震动放大系数的主要原因,沉积内外介质密度比的影响较小。本研究结论可对地震作用下更为复杂的局部场地效应预测和评估提供参考。 相似文献
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结合单相介质动力格林函数和流体域格林函数,将间接边界元方法拓展到含流体层河谷对地震波散射的求解,并结合具体算例进行大量参数分析。研究结果表明,含流体层河谷地形对平面P波、SV波入射时的地震响应受控于入射波频率、入射波角度及流体深度等多种因素。总体来看:① 在低频域内,含流体河谷底部及附近地表的频谱特性与不含流体的河谷反应基本一致;② P波入射时在水层体系共振频率处,河谷底部位移缩小效应显著,而此频率处流体表面位移达到最大;③ 流体层具有吸收地震波能量的作用,流体深度越大,河谷表面及附近地表的地震动位移越小。研究成果可在一定程度上为河谷地形附近地震动效应的评估及防震减灾工作提供理论依据。 相似文献
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地震作用下黄土场地对地震波不同分量的放大效应影响显著。针对黄土高原典型黄土场地在地震作用下的放大效应,设计并完成大型地震模拟振动台试验,通过输入不同强度的地震动荷载,研究黄土场地加速度（PGA）放大系数、傅里叶谱、加速度反应谱、H/V谱比与地震动强度和场地高度的变化规律,揭示地震波不同分量对黄土场地效应的影响。结果显示：黄土场地对地震波的水平分量具有明显的放大效应,对地震波垂直分量的放大效应影响较小;随着高程的增加,地震波水平分量PGA放大系数呈现非线性变化;随着地震动强度和高程的增加水平分量卓越频率的频段和幅值逐渐增加,卓越频率向低频偏移,放大倍数呈现出非线性特性。 相似文献
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采用间接边界元法（IBEM）,对Rayleigh波入射下两邻近山体的地震响应进行了定量分析。结果表明:与单个山体在Rayleigh波入射下的地震响应相比,两山地形的地震反应规律更为复杂,反应特征受控于入射波频率和山体间距等因素。总体上看:入射Rayleigh波频率较低时,两山间距对双山地形地震反应影响较大。低频波入射,受邻近山体影响,迎波面山体水平位移峰值约为入射波水平位移的6.3倍,放大效应可达单山作用的1.5倍。且山体山脚处竖向位移的频谱振荡更为剧烈,特定频率下山脚的竖向位移反应可达单山放大效应的1.6倍。较高频波入射时,迎波面一侧山体受邻近山体影响较小,且对波表现出明显的屏障效应,背波面山体地震反应强度被削弱。 相似文献
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Michael O. Garcia Diane Hanano Ashton Flinders Dominique Weis Garrett Ito Mark D. Kurz 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2012,74(6):1445-1463
The size, shape, and magmatic history of the most recently discovered shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, Mahukona, have been controversial. Mahukona corresponds to what was thought to be a gap in the paired sequence (Loa and Kea trends) of younger Hawaiian volcanoes (<4?Ma). Here, we present the results of marine expeditions to Mahukona where new bathymetry, sidescan sonar, gravity data, and lava samples were collected to address these controversies. Modeling of bathymetric and gravity data indicate that Mahukona is one of the smallest Hawaiian volcanoes (～6,000?km3) and that its magmatic system was not focused in a long-lived central reservoir like most other Hawaiian volcanoes. This lack of a long-lived magmatic reservoir is reflected by the absence of a central residual gravity high and the random distribution of cones on Mahukona Volcano. Our reconstructed subsidence history for Mahukona suggests it grew to at least ～270?m below sea level but probably did not form an island. New 40Ar–39Ar plateau ages range from 350 to 654?ka providing temporal constraints for Mahukona’s post-shield and shield stages of volcanism, which ended prematurely. Mahukona post-shield lavas have high 3He/4He ratios (16–21?Ra), which have not been observed in post-shield lavas from other Hawaiian volcanoes. Lava compositions range widely at Mahukona, including Pb isotopic values that straddle the boundary between Kea and Loa sequences of volcanoes. The compositional diversity of Mahukona lavas may be related to its relatively small size (less extensive melting) and the absence of a central magma reservoir where magmas would have been homogenized. 相似文献
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In this study, we have checked the location and focal depth of the Yecheng earthquake (m b = 6.0, maximum intensity VII) of February 14, 1980. The result shows that this is an intermediate event with a focal depth of 90 km. The microepicenter is located at 36. 4°N, 76, 9°E, while the macroepicenter is at 37.3°N, 76.9°E, 90 km to the north of the microepicenter. This is the first destructive intermediate event in China which led to a damage as severe as of intensity VII. The focal mechanism of the event is determined to be of thrust type. Combined with the analysis of seismological and geological data in surrounding area, the possible relation between the event and plate movement has been discussed. The result in this paper indicates that in some particular place, the destructive effect of intermediate event should be considered in seismic hazard assessment. 相似文献
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Earthquake of November 30, 2004, in Podhale region, southern Poland, was of unexpectedly big size in this area of weak seismicity.
As Poland is considered a country of low seismicity, the earthquake has caused concern about seismic hazard in Poland, especially
since it took place shortly after the even more unexpected Kaliningrad Region, Russia, earthquakes of September 21, 2004,
that inflicted minor damage in northern Poland. The paper presents the findings on the Podhale earthquake which reached macroseismic
intensity up to 7 and magnitude 4.7 (m
b
; ISC). The event was felt up to a distance of about 100 km and inflicted slight damage to buildings in its narrow epicentral
area, thus evidencing its relatively shallow depth. The quake has been located near the village of Skrzypne, about 15 km west-southwest
of the district capital Nowy Targ. The source mechanism has been found to be of dip slip normal fault type, although a problem
remains of association of this mechanism with known tectonic dislocations in the region. The earthquake has been followed
by a long series of aftershocks. Their distribution in time is also studied and the biggest aftershocks have been located. 相似文献
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Drop calorimetry measurements between 900 and 1850 K are reported for amorphous anorthite, andesine, wollastonite, diopside, cordierite and pyrope. The isobaric heat capacities of the glassy and liquid phases of these materials, and the enthalpies of fusion of the minerals have been derived. The calorimetric entropies of fusion of these substances and of other oxide minerals are generally consistent with the calculated volume changes on melting and with the observed pressure dependences of the melting points. The thermodynamics of mixing of liquid plagioclases have been examined, and it is concluded that their enthalpies of mixing are markedly different from the values derived directly from solution calorimetry measurements at 985 K. 相似文献
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In this study, we experimentally established the relationship between physical properties, vitrinite reflectance, and microstructure of coal, Taiyuan Formation, Qinshui Basin, China using representative coal samples collected from three different mines via the rock mechanics testing system (MTS). We analyzed the organic macerals, vitrinite reflectance, and microstructure of 11 coal samples using petrography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results suggest that (1) the elastic parameters can be described by linear equations, (2) both P-and S-wave velocities display anisotropy, (3) the anisotropy negatively correlates with vitrinite reflectance, and (4) the acoustic velocities and Young’s modulus are negatively correlated with the volume of micropores. The derived empirical equations can be used in the forward modeling and seismic inversion of physical properties of coal for improving the coal-bed methane (CBM) reservoir characterization. 相似文献
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Facets of uncertainty: epistemic uncertainty,non-stationarity,likelihood, hypothesis testing,and communication 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Keith Beven 《水文科学杂志》2016,61(9):1652-1665
ABSTRACTThis paper presents a discussion of some of the issues associated with the multiple sources of uncertainty and non-stationarity in the analysis and modelling of hydrological systems. Different forms of aleatory, epistemic, semantic, and ontological uncertainty are defined. The potential for epistemic uncertainties to induce disinformation in calibration data and arbitrary non-stationarities in model error characteristics, and surprises in predicting the future, are discussed in the context of other forms of non-stationarity. It is suggested that a condition tree is used to be explicit about the assumptions that underlie any assessment of uncertainty. This also provides an audit trail for providing evidence to decision makers.
Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor S. Weijs 相似文献
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Soils along catenas of Pinedale (15–20 ka) and Bull Lake (100–130 ka) age moraines at Whiskey Basin in the Wind River Range, Wyoming, USA, were sampled to assess the effects of aeolian processes on soil development here. Aeolian processes appear to have in?uenced soils by both depositing sediments and eroding topsoils. Pedogenic silt (often used as an indicator of wind deposition) accumulated in the Bull Lake soils moderately correlate with pedogenic clay accumulated, suggesting that ?ne sediments may have been deposited and incorporated into soil formation here. Following removal of previous topsoil by wind during Pinedale glaciation, Bull Lake B horizons have developed into contemporary A horizons. These data further link aeolian processes to soil development on piedmont moraines throughout the Wind River Range. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献