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为了对混凝土框架结构的地震破坏机制和抗震性能进行控制,在框架柱中配置高强钢筋,并将纤维增强混凝土(FRC)用于框架结构的预期损伤部位。结构柱中的高强钢筋用来减小结构的残余变形,FRC材料用来增加结构的耗能能力和损伤容限。设计了三个框架,采用动力弹塑性时程分析方法进行分析。研究结果表明,采用高强钢筋提高了结构的整体承载能力,在层间侧移角达到3%之前避免了柱铰的出现(包括底层柱底),并且减小了结构的残余变形;预期损伤部位采用FRC材料能够提高结构的塑性耗能。 相似文献
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为研究纤维增强混凝土（FRC）框架结构体系预期损伤部位的损伤程度控制和性能评估方法,采用ABAQUS有限元软件对该框架结构模型进行动力时程分析。针对该结构体系,研究其各种性能水准极限状态的定性描述和量化方法,并进行结构抗震性能评估。研究结果显示,预期损伤部位采用FRC材料,可以减小RC框架结构的层间残余侧移角、柱端截面最大转角和柱截面最大残余转角,可以控制整体结构和构件的损伤程度。给出FRC框架结构在不同性能水准下分别以柱截面转角、层间侧移角和层间残余侧移角为性能指标的限值。综合考虑FRC材料的特性和仿真结果的分析,建议选用层间残余侧移角进行性能评估更为合理。考虑8倍板厚翼缘宽度,柱梁抗弯承载力比达到1.2,FRC框架结构在8度设防烈度对应的地震作用下可达到性能等级D。 相似文献
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汶川8.0级特大地震等震害调查结果显示,通常被认为其抗震设计问题已经解决且具有较强抗震能力的RC框架结构,却突出地表现出"强梁弱柱"、"薄弱层"、"短柱失效"等一系列超出抗震设计初衷的灾难性破坏形式。本文以汶川漩口中学倒塌的RC框架结构教学楼的典型震害为背景,通过典型双跨填充墙RC框架结构单元伪静力试验及框架结构模型地震模拟振动台对比试验,结合理论分析和数值模拟,研究了填充墙对RC框架结构破坏机理的作用机制,分析了现浇楼板对实现"强柱弱梁"破坏机制的影响规律,提出了可有效改善RC框架结构抗倒塌机制的技术措施及设计建议。论文主要完成了以下工作:(1)以汶川漩口中学倒塌的教学楼为原型,设计完成了考虑楼板及填充墙影响的4个1/2缩尺的单层两不等跨填充墙RC框架结构模型伪静力试验,研究了2类填充墙材料、3种布置方式对框架结构整体强度、刚度及延性的影响规律,揭示了填充墙及现浇楼板对框架结构不同地震破坏模式的作用机理。(2)基于填充墙RC框架结构伪静力试验结果,采用DIANA非线性有限元分析程序,实现了填充墙与框架间相互作用模拟;分析了填充墙与RC框架结构的相互作用机理,研究了填充墙对典型双不等跨RC框架结构破坏及倒塌模式的影响规律。(3)基于填充墙RC框架结构伪静力试验结果,结合理论分析及非线性有限元数值模拟,系统研究了填充墙RC框架结构中的"短柱"破坏机理。选取实际工程中常用的粘土砖、加气砌块、蒸压砖等3种砌体材料,定量研究了不同填充墙砌筑材料、墙-框界面刚度及填充墙布置高度对RC框架结构"短柱"破坏模式的影响规律,提出了可实现避免短柱破坏的理论判别公式及设计措施。(4)研究提出了可显著提升框架结构整体抗倒塌能力的现浇楼板四角与梁柱有限断开的抗震设计措施。按现行规范设计制作了2个2×2跨、1/5缩尺的4层填充墙RC框架结构模型,通过地震模拟振动台对比试验,验证了横向两不等跨RC框架结构中填充墙及现浇楼板对破坏模式的不利影响;通过振动台试验与伪静力试验及实际震害现象对比分析,揭示了现浇楼板以及填充墙对框架结构破坏模式的作用机理;通过两RC框架结构模型破坏模式对比试验及非线性数值模拟分析,进一步证实规范中试图提高柱端弯矩增大系数的设计方法并不能有效实现预期的"强柱弱梁"破坏机制,而现浇楼板四角与梁柱有限断开的措施可明显提高框架结构的整体抗震性能,有效延迟框架柱的破坏。 相似文献
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2008年5月12日,四川省汶川县发生里氏8.0级地震,造成了巨大的人员伤亡以及工程结构震害。本文基于江油市某RC框架结构的震害调查,分析了该框架结果出现底层"薄弱层"和"强梁弱柱"的破坏机制的主要原因。采用该框架结构附近三个台站的主震加速度记录作为输入开展了非线性地震反应分析。研究表明,填充墙的竖向不均匀布置改变了框架的抗侧刚度分布,造成底层薄弱层的破坏现象。底层柱子的轴压比相对较大,塑性变形能力及耗能能力相对较差,使得底层柱的变形量更容易达到其塑性变形极限而发生破坏。由于现浇楼板对梁刚度和抗弯承载力的增强,框架结构很难出现规范中"强柱弱梁"的破坏机制。结构基本周期对应的加速度反应谱值是决定结构地震反应的主要参数,基本周期加速度反应谱值的增加会导致结构塑性铰的迅速发展,造成结构出现柱铰机构而整体失稳倒塌。建议设计框架结构时,尽量避免填充墙的不均匀布置。适当增加底层柱的截面面积和配筋率,降低轴压比以保证良好的延性。梁端负向抗弯承载力计算时采用T型截面,并考虑一定范围内楼板配筋的影响。 相似文献
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为研究非对称配钢钢骨混凝土柱的抗震性能,基于12根T形配钢钢骨混凝土柱的拟静力试验研究进行非线性数值模拟,了解其破坏机制、承载力、延性及耗能能力,探讨轴压比、配钢率、剪跨比对抗震性能的影响。结果表明,低周反复荷载作用下T形配钢钢骨混凝土柱滞回曲线饱满,具有良好的延性和耗能能力。在峰值荷载前,数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。轴压力在一定范围内提高了试件承载力,但降低了延性;增大配钢率能提高试件的承载力、刚度和延性,使得峰值荷载后试件的性能退化趋于平缓;剪跨比对试件破坏形态有显著影响,随剪跨比的增大试件延性性能提高。 相似文献
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《世界地震工程》2017,(4)
基于地震工程模拟平台Open SEES,研究了型钢混凝土(SRC)框架的数值建模方法。根据试验结果对比了3种不同非线性梁柱单元模型的计算效果,确定了最优单元模型。基于Open SEES平台和增量动力分析(IDA)方法研究了型钢混凝土框架结构的地震易损性。设计了3个具有不同柱梁抗弯承载力之比的结构,对其进行IDA分析,获得了各模型的抗震能力曲线。根据结构抗震能力曲线,求解了结构的地震易损性曲线,得到了结构在地震作用下各性态点的超越概率。对场地地震危险性进行分析,获得了场地地震危险性概率模型。基于结构地震易损性曲线及场地地震危险性概率模型,计算了结构各性态点的年平均超越概率。结果表明:柱梁抗弯承载力之比对计算结果的影响显著,随着柱梁抗弯承载力之比的增大,结构在特定地震动作用下倒塌的概率呈减小趋势。 相似文献
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《世界地震工程》2015,(4)
目前国内外学者将地震倒塌和连续倒塌作为两个独立的领域进行研究,实际上框架结构的倒塌破坏系由二种机理耦合作用所致。针对此问题,采用拆除构件设计法,应用有限元程序ANSYS/LS-DYNA完成了钢筋混凝土框架结构拆除底层关键柱后在地震作用下的倒塌仿真分析,重点研究了层高、跨度、层数和关键柱位置对钢筋混凝土框架结构抗倒塌性能的影响。结果表明:对于平面框架模型,由底层柱脚及梁柱节点区柱端失效破坏引起的柱铰破坏机制,是导致结构倒塌的主要原因。底层中柱失效后,底层迅速转化为柱铰机制,结构在重力作用下失稳坍塌,适当增加层高,减小跨度,增加层数对框架结构在底层关键柱失效后的抗地震倒塌性能有益;对于三维空间框架模型,分析表明,空间框架结构在拆除角柱后框架倒塌破坏最为严重,结构的破坏过程可以概括为3个阶段:(1)弹性阶段;(2)重力作用影响占主导地位的塑性阶段;(3)地震作用占主导地位的塑性阶段。 相似文献
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现浇板对RC框架结构抗震性能影响的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了解现浇板对RC框架结构抗震性能的影响,对两个框架结构进行了水平低周反复荷载试验,分析了其破坏形态、滞回性能、骨架曲线和刚度退化等性能。结果表明:现浇板的存在,提高了框架结构的承载能力,耗能能力变化不大,变形能力降低,破坏机制使其由"强柱弱梁"变为"强梁弱柱"。 相似文献
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分析了"汶川地震"中钢筋混凝土框架结构的主要震害,着重研究了"强梁弱柱"这一破坏现象,并对比分析了现行抗震规范及其报批稿中关于"强柱弱梁"的设计条款,结合某框架结构教学楼,分析其在两本规范不同设计条款下的承载力,以及由此带来的经济性方面的影响。结果表明:填充墙等非结构构件的影响、楼板对框架梁承载力和刚度的增大作用以及柱轴压比偏小是结构破坏的主要原因。规范报批稿调整了柱端弯矩和剪力增大系数,较大地提高了柱的承载能力,其中抗弯承载力增加10.8%~33.1%,尤其顶层框架柱的承载力较现行规范增加33%之多,但柱的抗剪承载力提高较低,增加11.1%~19.3%。依据送审稿设计的结构,柱的钢筋用量增加64.1%,整个费用增加低于19.9%,基本在我国经济发展水平之内。 相似文献
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砌体填充墙钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete, RC)框架结构在强地震作用下容易损伤破坏,我国规范建议填充墙与框架之间采用彼此脱开或柔性连接做法,但这也增加了填充墙平面外倒塌的风险。基于此对一种新型柔性连接开洞砌体填充墙RC框架结构进行了平面外的拟静力试验研究,分析了其失效过程、受力特征和破坏模式。结果表明：砌体填充墙RC框架结构平面外承载能力主要依靠于拱承载机制,槽钢轨道可以有效提高框架对填充墙两侧的约束作用,防止填充墙与框架之间的相对滑动,有利于水平拱承载机制的形成。对比普通柔性连接开洞砌体填充墙RC框架结构,采用新型柔性连接的开洞砌体填充墙RC框架结构,平面外的峰值承载力和峰值承载力处割线刚度分别提高了44.14%和9.70%;新型柔性连接开洞砌体填充墙RC框架结构在峰值承载力状态下和极限承载力状态下,其罕遇地震作用加速度相比于普通柔性连接开洞砌体填充墙RC框架结构分别提高了81.03%和77.36%。因此,采用新型柔性连接构造可有效提高开洞砌体填充墙RC框架结构的承载能力,改善开洞砌体填充墙RC框架结构平面外的稳定性,从而提高开洞砌体填充墙RC框架结构平面外的抗... 相似文献
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Because it can be carried by flowing water, a sand/gravel pit on the river bed could migrate downstream. Consequently, the presence of pits on river beds could pose a safety threat to in-stream hydraulic structures such as bridge piers. A pit migration model can be used to predict progressive changes of pit geometry as it migrates downstream. However, due to the existence of many uncertainties, the maximum pit depth cannot be predicted with certainty. This paper adopted a simple pit migration model and evaluated the uncertainty associated with the calculated maximum pit depth. Such information is essential for evaluating the probability that a migrating pit could pose a safety threat to a downstream hydraulic structure. Three reliability analysis techniques were applied and their performances were compared. 相似文献
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Fragility curves constitute the cornerstone in seismic risk evaluations and performance-based earthquake engineering. They describe the probability of a structure to experience a certain damage level for a given earthquake intensity measure, providing a relationship between seismic hazard and vulnerability. In this paper a numerical approach is applied to derive fragility curves for tunnel shafts built in clays, a component that is found in several critical infrastructure such as urban metro networks, airport facilities or water and waste water projects. The seismic response of a representative tunnel shaft is assessed using tridimensional finite difference non-linear analyses carried out with the program FLAC3D, under increasing levels of seismic intensity. A hysteretic model is used to simulate the soil non-linear behavior during the seismic event. The effect of soil conditions and ground motion characteristics on the soil-structure system response is accounted for in the analyses. The damage is defined based on the exceedance of the concrete wall shaft capacity due to the developed seismic forces. The fragility curves are estimated in terms of peak ground acceleration at a rock or stiff soil outcrop, based on the evolution of damage with increasing earthquake intensity. The proposed fragility models allows the characterization of the seismic risk of a representative tunnel shaft typology and soil conditions considering the associated uncertainties, and partially fill the gap of data required in performing a risk analysis assessment of tunnels shafts. 相似文献
14.
Y-K. Tung K. -C. Yeh 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1993,7(2):131-145
Because it can be carried by flowing water, a sand/gravel pit on the river bed could migrate downstream. Consequently, the presence of pits on river beds could pose a safety threat to in-stream hydraulic structures such as bridge piers. A pit migration model can be used to predict progressive changes of pit geometry as it migrates downstream. However, due to the existence of many uncertainties, the maximum pit depth cannot be predicted with certainty. This paper adopted a simple pit migration model and evaluated the uncertainty associated with the calculated maximum pit depth. Such information is essential for evaluating the probability that a migrating pit could pose a safety threat to a downstream hydraulic structure. Three reliability analysis techniques were applied and their performances were compared. 相似文献
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Analysis of data characterizing the chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation was presented, with an emphasis on components responsible for neutralization of rain acidity. For this purpose, chemometric methods were applied. Based on a principal component analysis (PCA) a strong correlation between precipitation pH and potassium and ammonium ions in the heating period (October–March) and potassium and sodium ions in the non‐heating period (April–September) was observed. Additionally, a classification of eight variables, i.e., Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, , , Cl?, and according to their similarities was made using a cluster analysis. Based on this study, two ions, potassium and ammonium, together with the pH value were classified into one group (cluster) in the heating period while in the non‐heating period ions of potassium and sodium were clustered together with the pH. The results of the cluster analysis indicated that the selected ions contributed the most to the neutralization of the atmospheric precipitation acidity. This relationship was confirmed by a discriminant analysis in which potassium and ammonium ions were selected as components of the highest potential for precipitation classification according to its acidity degree. The relationship between the precipitation pH and the number of non‐precipitation days preceding the precipitation was also analyzed. It was found that although the observed an increase of the pH value was not very high, nevertheless, the effect of the duration of the period preceding the precipitation on the pH value recorded on the day of the precipitation occurrence was quite evident. 相似文献
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Spectral analysis of climate data 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The complexity of climate variability on all time scales requires the use of several refined tools to unravel its primary dynamics from observations. Indeed, ideas from the theory of dynamical systems have provided new ways of interpreting the information contained in climatic time series.We review the properties of several modern time series analysis methods. Those methods belong to four main classes: Fourier techniques (Blackman-Tukey and Multi-Taper), Maximum Entropy technique, Singular-spectrum techniques and wavelet analysis. Their respective advantages and limitations are illustrated by numerical experiments on synthetic time series. As climate data can be irregularly spaced in time, we also compare three interpolating methods on those time series. Those tests are aimed at showing the pitfalls of the blind use of mathematical or statistical techniques on climate data.We apply those methods to real climatic data from temperature variations over the last century, and the Vostok ice core deuterium record over the last glacial cycle. Then we show how interpretations on the dynamics of climate can be derived on those time scales. 相似文献
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An overview of the applicability of a typical single‐mode pushover method (the N2 method) and two typical multi‐mode pushover methods (the modal pushover analysis (MPA) and incremental response spectrum analysis (IRSA) methods) for the analysis of single column bent viaducts in the transverse direction is presented. Previous research, which was limited to relatively short viaducts supported by few columns, has been extended to longer viaducts with more bents. The single‐mode N2 method is accurate enough for bridges where the effective modal mass of the fundamental mode is at least 80% of the total mass. The applicability of this method depends on (a) the ratio of the stiffness of the superstructure to that of the bents and (b) the strength of the bents. In short bridges with few columns, the accuracy of the N2 method increases as the seismic intensity increases, whereas in long viaducts (e.g. viaducts with lengths greater than 500 m) the method is in general less effective. In the case of the analyzed moderately irregular long viaducts, which are common in construction design practice, the MPA method performed well. For the analysis of bridges where the modes change significantly, depending on the seismic intensity, the IRSA method is in principle more appropriate, unless a viaduct is torsionally sensitive. In such cases, all simplified methods should be used with care. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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How to improve the representation of hydrological processes in SWAT for a lowland catchment – temporal analysis of parameter sensitivity and model performance 
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下载免费PDF全文 Model diagnostic analyses help to improve the understanding of hydrological processes and their representation in hydrological models. A detailed temporal analysis detects periods of poor model performance and model components with potential for model improvements, which cannot be found by analysing the whole discharge time series. In this study, we aim to improve the understanding of hydrological processes by investigating the temporal dynamics of parameter sensitivity and of model performance for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool model applied to the Treene lowland catchment in Northern Germany. The temporal analysis shows that the parameter sensitivity varies temporally with high sensitivity for three groundwater parameters (groundwater time delay, baseflow recession constant and aquifer fraction coefficient) and one evaporation parameter (soil evaporation compensation factor). Whereas the soil evaporation compensation factor dominates in baseflow and resaturation periods, groundwater time delay, baseflow recession constant and aquifer fraction coefficient are dominant in the peak and recession phases. The temporal analysis of model performance identifies three clusters with different model performances, which can be related to different phases of the hydrograph. The lowest performance, when comparing six performance measures, is detected for the baseflow cluster. A spatially distributed analysis for six hydrological stations within the Treene catchment shows similar results for all stations. The linkage of periods with poor model performance to the dominant model components in these phases and with the related hydrological processes shows that the groundwater module has the highest potential for improvement. This temporal diagnostic analysis enhances the understanding of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool model and of the dominant hydrological processes in the lowland catchment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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概述四川7.0级以上大震前观测场地的异常情况。在核实2个大震震前异常的基础上,将传统异常判别方法进行汇总。总结近年来针对跨断层监测数据进行分析进而识别异常的方法:原始数据反映的断层活动速率异常以及转折异常。在此基础上,引入小波分析的方法对大震前的异常进行判别。对小波分解得到的两个趋势项进行分析,发现了大震与小波分解项异常的对应性。最后,基于对原始数据和小波分解项的分析,提出利用跨断层数据分析大震前兆的参考意见,为以后的震前异常研究工作提供了基础。 相似文献
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对白银形变观测站2008年以来观测资料的运行、变化和噪声水平做初步分析,结果表明：DSQ 型水管倾斜仪观测资料连续、稳定、可靠具有明确的正常背景---夏高冬低,为今后地震前兆异常的判断打下基础;水管倾斜仪 EW 分量在2013年7月22日 MS 6．6地震前出现破年变变化,说明白银地震台水管倾斜仪具有一定的地震前兆异常监测能力。 相似文献