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1.
湖北当阳陆相白垩系-古近系界线层型问题值得深入研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
陆生恐龙的绝灭是白垩系-古近系界线事件中最引人注目的。陆相地层是恐龙绝灭等事件信息的重要载体。全球白垩纪、古近纪陆相地层发育、分布广泛,单一的白垩系-古近系全球界线层型(GSSP)不能满足建立一个明确而可操作的界线标准的需要,建立陆相白垩系-古近系界线层型很有必要,其意义和重要性实际上不亚于建立GSSP。中国的白垩系、古近系绝大多数为陆相沉积,且陆相白垩系-古近系界线方面存在许多问题,而中国目前正在做陆相地层建阶和完善"中国区域年代地层表"工作,不解决好陆相白垩系-古近系界线问题,中国古近系最下面的一个阶便建不好,"中国区域年代地层表"将不完善,所以建立陆相白垩系-古近系界线层型对于中国更加迫切并具实际价值。全球白垩纪-古近纪过渡时期(特别是古新世早期)的连续陆相生物地层记录十分匮乏,寻找合适的剖面建立陆相白垩系-古近系界线层型非常困难。从轮藻角度出发,湖北当阳跑马岗组露头剖面拥有全球迄今所知最连续丰富多样的白垩纪-古近纪过渡时期特别是古新世早期的陆相生物地层记录。界线层段的介形类生物地层记录也非常连续且丰富多样,并具建立界线层型的其他许多条件。它是中国至今所知惟一具有潜力成为全球(或大区性、或中国)的陆相白垩系-古近系界线层型、也即中生界-新生界界线层型的候选剖面(露头剖面),从而也可能是中国古近系、也即新生界最下面一个阶的最合适的建阶剖面或层型剖面。为此,湖北当阳陆相白垩系-古近系界线层型问题无疑值得重视和深入研究。 相似文献
2.
E. P. Terekhov A. V. Mozherovsky M. T. Gorovaya I. B. Tsoy N. G. Vashchenkova 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2010,4(3):260-273
This paper reports and discusses the composition of the rocks of the Kotikovo Group (the Uchir, Zaslonovskaya, Turovskay,
and Ol’don formations) of the Terpeniya Peninsula (East Sakhalin). It is suggested that the Cenozoic deposits unconformably
overlay the Maastrichtian-Danian rocks with basal conglomerates at the base. Two main stages were distinguished in the Late
Cretaceous-Paleogene evolution of this area on the basis of our study. The first stage was responsible for the formation of
the Maastrichtian-Danian volcaniclastic and volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks of the Uchir Group, while the second stage produced
the Paleocene-Eocene sedimentary rocks of the Zaslonovskaya, Turovskaya, and Ol’don formations. The end of the first stage
(at the boundary of the Uchir and Zaslonovskaya formations) was marked by a change in the tectonic regime. This was expressed
in the weakening of the volcanic activity, the uplift of the territory, and the exposure of new provenances to erosion. During
the second, Early Paleogene stage, the area of the East Sakhalin Mountains, the Terpeniya Peninsula, and the submarine Terpeniya
Ridge represented a shallow-water marine sedimentary basin representing the western flank of the Cenozoic Pogranichnyi Basin.
The formation of the anticlinal East Sakhalin Mountains-Terpeniya Peninsula-submarine Terpeniya Ridge structure occurred during
the Late Cenozoic period of the East Sakhalin evolution. 相似文献
3.
The surface and near-surface geology, geomorphology and natural resources of Kuwait have been reviewed based on the published work. The stratigraphy and structure of the near-surface sediments of Kuwait have been mainly controlled by the Tertiary tectonic activity of the Arabian Shield. The shield started separating from the African mainland by the close of the Eocene and drifted northeastward towards the Asian plate, giving rise to the folding and thrusting of the Zagros Mountains of Iran. The tectonic activity superimposed a northwest–southeast trend over an earlier north–south structural trend, and gave rise to parallel ridges and valleys trending northwest–southeast through differential erosion. It has been possible to identify 15 geomorphic zones and 11 morphostructures from analysis of the surface features of Kuwait. Seven of these morphostructures can be attributed to tectonic processes and two to fluvial processes. It has not been possible, however, to explain satisfactorily the origin of the Jal Az-Zor escarpment or the Ad-Dalmaniyah cliff. The whole of Kuwait can be divided into seven drainage zones. Of these, the internal drainage systems of the Ar-Raudhatain-Umm Al-Aish drainage system and the Ad-Dibdibba drainage system are hydrogeologically most important. The clastic deposits of Kuwait Group sediments, often affected by low-temperature carbonate (calcite and dolomite) and sulfate (gypsum) precipitation, form the surface rock of Kuwait. These are covered by recent aeolian and residual deposits; playa deposits in the enclosed basins; and near the coast, oolitic sediments, beach sands and sabkha deposits. The surface and near-surface deposits of Kuwait contain important reserves of construction sand and gravel as well as the only naturally occurring freshwater reserves of the country. An understanding of the nature of these surface deposits is required for the management of environmental issues like sand encroachment, land-use planning, and soil and groundwater pollution. 相似文献
4.
基于TM遥感图像解译和野外调研，分析了攀西地区大渡河、安宁河深切河谷地貌特征和断裂带构造变形特征，建立了安宁河断裂带晚新生代5阶段变形历史。研究表明，中新世晚期—上新世早期，安宁河断裂以挤压走滑活动为主；上新世晚期至早更新世时期，断裂以斜张走滑活动为主，活动强度较弱；早中更新世之间发生的元谋运动使昔格达组湖相地层褶皱变形；中晚更新世时期发生断陷作用，形成安宁河两堑夹—垒的构造格局；晚更新世—全新世时期又以左旋走滑活动为主。综合安宁河、大渡河河谷地貌和晚新生代地层记录和变形特征，提出了攀西高原晚新生代4阶段隆升模式：中新世早中期(12Ma之前)以缓慢隆升与区域夷平化作用为主，中新世晚期—上新世早期(12～3．4Ma)是高原快速隆升与河流强烈下切的时期，上新世晚期—早更新世(3．4～1.1Ma)为昔格达湖盆发育时期，中晚更新世—全新世(1．1Ma以来)是高原快速隆升与河谷阶地发育时期。最后指出，至上新世晚期(3．4Ma以前)，攀西高原海拔高度可能超过了3000m。 相似文献
5.
Three major types of economic secondary iron ores occur in Western Australia, mainly in the banded iron-formation (BIF)-rich Hamersley Province of the Pilbara:
the dominant BIF-hosted bedded iron deposits (BID; ～40 billion tonnes (Bt); 58–65 wt% Fe); and the detrital ores, mainly in the three province-wide Cenozoic sequences that include coeval non-ore sediments:
Miocene channel iron deposits (CID; ～>15 Bt; 54–58 wt% Fe) of the Cenozoic Detritals 2 (CzD2); and
Eocene CzD1 and Pliocene CzD3 detrital iron deposits (DID; ～3.5 Bt; 40–60 wt% Fe).
6.
I. S. Litvinenko 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2008,2(2):175-186
The main features of the migration and accumulation of fine and ultrafine gold during the evolution of placer-forming processes in northeastern Russia are discussed. The results of loose sediment sampling (over 2000 samples) with a screw separator and strake facilities have been taken into consideration. The approximate grades and potential resources of gold were estimated for various genetic types of placers. The most favorable conditions for the mobilization and accumulation of fine and ultrafine gold in the placers of northeastern Russia prevailed during the Paleogene to Miocene stage of the evolution of orogenic morphostructures, when the residual (illuvial and alluvial) placers were formed. During the Pliocene to Quaternary stage, the tectonic activation caused the reworking of placers by slope and fluvial processes and resulted in the formation of new hillside and alluvial placers. At this stage, the dispersal of fine gold fractions prevailed over accumulation. Under conditions of the periglacial lithogenesis of the Pliocene to Quaternary tectonic activation, the formation of new placers with fine and ultrafine gold derived from primary sources was suppressed due to the low rate of metal release in the process of physical weathering. In terms of the economic importance of placers with fine and ultrafine gold, residual, eluvial, or hillside placers, as well as alluvial stratal placers located in low-order (and partly medium-order) stream valleys, are the most attractive in northeastern Russia. The primary sources of such placers comprise gold-bearing porphry copper, gold-sulfide-quartz, and other hydrothermal deposits with similar placer-forming capability, as well as gold-quartz stockworks. The grade of fine and ultrafine gold in such placers may be as high as a few g/m3. The placers located in the constratal alluvium of graben-type valleys and the bar and floodplain placers in the areas with stockwork-like orebodies containing fine (<0.25 mm) gold are regarded as prospective objects. 相似文献
7.
WANG Denghong MAO Jingwen YAN Shenghao YANG Jianmin XU Jue CHEN Yuchuan XUE Chunji Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing Department of Geological Sciences Chang''an University Xi''an Shaanxi 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(2):233-253
A lot of new gold deposits have been found on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the past two decades. Among them, three main types of gold deposits have been recognized, including quartz-vein-type, shearzone-type and porphyry-type. The former two types of gold deposits are mainly hosted within metamorphic rocks, while the latter is related to Cenozoic magmatism. Although all of these gold deposits are believed to have been formed during the uplift process of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the Cenozoic era (Wang et al., 2002b), precise isotopic age constraints have still been lacking until quite recently. This paper presents new ^40Ar/^39Ar data of some gold deposits on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which indicate that gold mineralization in the region occurred in response to the episodic stages of the orogenies. Recently obtained ^40Ar/^39Ar data on quartz and feldspars from several gold deposits, such as the Sandiao deposit, the Baijintaizi deposit, the Pusagang deposits, provide new constraints on gold mineralization on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Geochronological studies of gold deposits along the Daduhe River indicate that there are three stages of gold mineralization. The early two stages occurred as early as 65.1 Ma in the Shuibaiyang deposit and 58.95 Ma in the Ruoji deposit, while the latter stage occurred as late as 25.35 Ma in Baijintaizi and 24.70 Ma in Sandiao. Isotopic dating of three plagioclases from the Beiya deposit, Zhifanggou deposit and Luobodi deposit and a K-feldspar from the Jinchangqing deposit in Yunnan Province indicates that these deposits were formed at two stages. The Zhifanggou and Jinchangqing deposits have early stage records as old as 58.82 Ma in Zhifanggou and 55.49 Ma in Jinchangqing, but all of the above four deposits in Yunnan have late stage records of 23.18 Ma in Jinchangqing, 24.54 Ma in Zhifanggou, 24.60 Ma in Luobodi and 24.56 Ma in Hongnitang. The above results suggest that the gold deposits on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were formed concentratedly at two main episodes, i.e. the end of the Paleocene (about 58 Ma) and the boundary between the Paleogene and the Neogene (about 25 Ma). The later episode appears to be looks like more important and was coupled with the Sichuan movement, which was extensively activated at that period. The beginning of the Cenozoic Era (about 65 Ma) might be another episode of gold mineralization, but only one deposit (Shuibaiyang) in this study has been proved to have been be formed at this stage and might be earlier than the initial collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasia Plate. In view of geology, the above three episodes of gold mineralization are associated with three events of tectonicmagmatism and/or fluid events. Even though the gold deposits (for example, the Shuibaiyang deposit, Ruoji deposit and Pusagang deposit) were formed at different episodes, all of them are genetically related to tectonic movements in largescale shear zones. It looks like theat tectonic events (including large-scale strike-slip) between Paleogene and Neogene had a wide influence upon gold mineralization, with new deposits formed and old deposits enriched or superimposed to be a higher grade by new stage of mineralization. The above data suggest that gold deposits were not only concentrated in some areas, but also formed mainly at different boundaries of geological times, indicating that there existed some peak stages of gold mineralization (metallogenic episodes), and that the gold deposits were formed mainly by episodic mineralization. 相似文献
8.
Three‐dimensional architecture and hydrostratigraphy of cross‐cutting buried valleys using airborne electromagnetics,glaciated Central Lowlands,Nebraska, USA 
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下载免费PDF全文 Buried valleys are characteristic features of glaciated landscapes, and their deposits host important aquifers worldwide. Understanding the stratigraphic architecture of these deposits is essential for protecting groundwater and interpreting sedimentary processes in subglacial and ice‐marginal environments. The relationships between depositional architecture, topography and hydrostratigraphy in dissected, pre‐Illinoian till sheets is poorly understood. Boreholes alone are inadequate to characterize the complex geology of buried valleys, but airborne electromagnetic surveys have proven useful for this purpose. A key question is whether the sedimentary architecture of buried valleys can be interpreted from airborne electromagnetic profiles. This study employs airborne electromagnetic resistivity profiles to interpret the three‐dimensional sedimentary architecture of cross‐cutting buried valleys in a ca 400 km2 area along the western margin of Laurentide glaciation in North America. A progenitor bedrock valley is succeeded by at least five generations of tunnel valleys that become progressively younger northward. Tunnel‐valley infills are highly variable, reflecting under‐filled and over‐filled conditions. Under‐filled tunnel valleys are expressed on the modern landscape and contain fine sediments that act as hydraulic barriers. Over‐filled tunnel valleys are not recognized in the modern landscape, but where they are present they form hydraulic windows between deep aquifer units and the land surface. The interpretation of tunnel‐valley genesis herein provides evidence of the relationships between depositional processes and glacial landforms in a dissected, pre‐Illinoian till sheet, and contributes to the understanding of the complex physical hydrology of glacial aquifers in general. 相似文献
9.
青藏高原东北部贵德盆地新生代沉积演化与构造隆升 总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25
通过对高原东北部贵德盆地新生代地层研究,为恢复高原隆升历史提供依据。贵德盆地形成于渐新世末,其新生代地层可划分出深水砾砂质网状河流、泥石流质网状河流、砾质网状河流、山麓洪积、三角洲、半深湖与浅湖、水下扇三角洲七个沉积相组合体系。根据其沉积相组合和沉积演化揭示出高原隆升过程先后经历了:早期隆升期 (渐新世末 )、较稳定剥蚀夷平期 (早中新世 )、小幅隆升期 (早中新世末 )、稳定剥蚀夷平期 (中中新世至晚中新世 )、持续逐步较快速隆升期 (8.2～ 3.6Ma)、急剧强烈阶段性隆升期 (3.6～ 0Ma) ;其中 3.6Ma±的隆升是新生代构造运动的一个重要分水岭,此前盆地海拔应不超过 10 0 0m,此后构造活动速度明显加速,地形高差显著增大。可见青藏高原的隆升是一个多阶段、不等速和非均变的复杂过程 相似文献
10.
雍永源 《沉积与特提斯地质》2002,22(4):1-9
藏东地区是西南三江复合造山带有色金属，贵金属成矿带的重要组成部分，也是三江带中北段新生代强烈陆内变形区，具有金和金银金属矿产成矿的优越条件。已发现的众多岩金矿（化）点反映出藏东有多种岩金矿床成因类型，其中以斑岩型和破碎带充填交代型两种类型最为重要。前者以新生代浸源偏碱性斑岩为成矿母岩，矿（化）体赋存于斑岩，隐爆角砾岩内部，接触带及外接触蚀变带中，主矿化元素为金，银，铅，锌，少数还有铜，钨，后者的矿（化）体一般同存于多期活动的区域性大断裂侧次级断裂，派生断裂，层间破碎带及节理，劈理发育带内，主矿化元素亦为金及银，铅，锌，铜，个别有锑，汞等，成矿时代以新生代及白垩纪一新生代为主。文中还对藏东构造单元和新生代偏碱性岩带进行划分。对两种金矿床类型的一般矿化特征，矿源层，蚀变和化探异常与矿化关系。找矿标志及找矿方向作了简要论述。 相似文献
11.
Yu. A. Martynov D. W. Lee V. V. Golozubov S. V. Rasskazov 《Geochemistry International》2006,44(6):547-558
Newly obtained data highlight strong geological and geochemical differences between Late Cretaceous-Paleogene and Eocene-Middle Miocene volcanic rocks in the southern Korean Peninsula. The rocks are spatially separated and differ in the proportions of acid and basic varieties. The Late Cretaceous-Paleogene basalts are similar to suprasubduction rocks in having high Al2O3, LILE, and Th contents, and low TiO2 and HFSE contents. The Miocene basalts have a composition intermediate between those of subduction and within-plate rocks. Compared to subduction rocks, they are lower in radiogenic Sr, K, LILE (Cs, Rb, Ba), and Th and higher in MgO, Ni, Ti, and HREE. A drastic change in U, Ba, Rb, Ce, Th, and 87Sr/86Sr in the basic volcanic rocks of the southern Korean Peninsula at the Late Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary suggests a decreasing sedimentary contribution to the magma. The latter testifies to a change in the direction of the motion of the oceanic and continental plates, increasing compressional forces and, finally, the cessation of subduction. The synthesis of the original authors and published data on Cenozoic volcanism of the southern Korean Peninsula and the eastern Sikhote Alin showed that the tectonic evolution of the eastern Eurasian margin occurred in four stages: Late Cretaceous-Paleogene, Eocene-Oligocene, Early, and Middle-Miocene. 相似文献
12.
晚新生代温泉沉积盆地,是青藏高原腹地在南北向挤压、东西向伸展的构造背景下,沿南北向边界走滑断层,经边界正断层和内部张剪断层的进一步发展而形成的近南北向单断单剪楔形半地堑活动沉积盆地。它可能代表了晚新生代青藏高原第三期强烈挤压隆升事件,是侧向向东剪切挤出的结果。笔者以盆地充填序列和TL、ESR测年资料为主要依据,推测唐古拉山在30 0～2 5 0ka前后全面进入冰冻圈;而以温泉活动沉积盆地为代表的中更新世晚期(2 2 4 .0～1 5 0 .2ka)的冰碛 冰水堆积则对应于青藏高原第三期隆升的断陷盆地发育阶段;中更新世晚期—晚更新世中期(1 4 4 .0～5 6ka)为湖相沉积;晚更新世中期至今(35～0ka)对应于高原缓慢隆升与夷平发育阶段。长江溯源在35ka切割通天河盆地,形成通天河;而在1 6ka侵蚀切穿雁石坪 温泉兵站峡谷,形成布曲河。 相似文献
13.
The results of the study of heavy clastic minerals from the Cretaceous-Paleogene terrigenous complexes of Sikhote-Alin and Kamchatka, as well as from the Cenozoic sediments of the deepwater Vanuatu Trench, are summarized. The data obtained have been interpreted on the basis of their comparison with heavy mineral assemblages of recent sediments deposited in known geodynamic settings. It is shown that the heavy clastic minerals of sedimentary rocks, their relative quantities, and chemical compositions may serve as reliable indicators of different island-arc settings and magmatic processes; these indicators may also be used for identification of such settings in paleobasins of orogenic regions. 相似文献
14.
The Cangyuan Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit is located in the Baoshan Block, southern Sanjiang Orogen. The orebodies are hosted in low-grade metamorphic rocks and skarn in contact with Cenozoic granitic rocks. Studies on fluid inclusions (FIs) of the deposit indicate that the ore-forming fluids are CO2-bearing, NaCl-H2O. The initial fluids evolved from high temperatures (462–498 °C) and high salinities (54.5–58.4 wt% NaCl equiv) during the skarn stage into mesothermal (260–397 °C) and low salinities (1.2–9.5 wt% NaCl equiv) during the sulfide stage. The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions (δ18OH2O: 2.7–8.8‰; δD: −82 to −120‰) suggest that the ore-forming fluids are mixture of magmatic fluids and meteoric water. Sulfur isotopic compositions of the sulfides yield δ34S values of −2.3 to 3.2‰; lead isotopic compositions of ore sulfides are similar to those of granitic rocks, indicating that the sulfur and ore-metals are derived from the granitic magma. We propose that the Cangyuan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit formed from magmatic hydrothermal fluids. These Cenozoic deposits situated in the west of Lanping-Changdu Basin share many similarities with the Cangyuan in isotopic compositions, including the Laochang, Lanuoma and Jinman deposits. This reveals that the Cenozoic granites could have contributed to Pb-Zn-Cu mineralization in the Sanjiang region despite the abundance of Cenozoic Pb-Zn deposits in the region, such as the Jingding Pb-Zn deposit, that is thought to be of basin brine origin. 相似文献
15.
内生金矿产与控矿地层及其构成的褶皱构造体系,在形成时代上有时因属于同一大地构造阶段而差距不大;有时因属于不同大地构造阶段而相互间差距很大。重点讨论第二种情况。许多由前寒武纪至古生代地台构造层构成的褶皱构造体系及其所控制的内生金矿产,是在中一新生代形成,一些于前地槽,地槽阶段形成的褶皱构造体系所控制的内生金矿产,在形成时代上也属于中一新生代。 相似文献
16.
A fluvial sequence near Cave Stream (north of Castle Hill Village, central Canterbury), New Zealand, contains organically-preserved plant macrofossils (cuticles). The almost ubiquitous presence of Araucariaceae macrofossils in the lower part of the section and their stratigraphic disappearance roughly coincident with the appearance of the angiosperm leaf Dryandra comptoniaefolia and conifer taxa only known elsewhere from sediments of Paleogene age, indicates that the section spans the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-T) boundary. This was subsequently confirmed by a palynological study that demonstrated the disappearance of Late Cretaceous index species within the investigated exposure. The sequence supports the pattern recognized elsewhere in New Zealand where Araucariaceae macrofossils either disappear or become very rare in end-Cretaceous and the leaf Dryandra comptoniaefolia is an important component in the early Cenozoic. The Cave Stream K-T boundary is one of the very few in the world with organically-preserved plant macrofossils and confirms the dramatic turnover in macroflora, which is known from North America. 相似文献
17.
Zhengle Chen Jian Liu Hongliang Gong Fengbin Han Stephanie Marion Briggs Enjiu Zheng Guo Wang 《Tectonophysics》2011,497(1-4):45-56
The Dingshan area located in the northern part of the Junggar Basin of northwestern China is a significant prospect area for sandstone-type uranium deposits in China, where mainly Cenozoic rocks were deposited. The Cenozoic strata can be divided into four units according to the prior data and our own field observation. Sedimentary studies indicate that most Cenozoic strata were deposited under a hot and arid climate in a continental environment. The sedimentary facies are alluvial-fan, meandering-fluvial, and fluvio-lacustrine. Field investigation and interpretation of satellite images suggest that Cenozoic tectonics in the area is characterized by reactivation of early deep-seated thrusts, resulting in extensional fractures and formation of many small depressions in the shallow crustal level. Measurement of joint orientations suggests that regional shortening direction trends in north–south in the middle Pleistocene as indicated by the ESR (Electronic Spin Resonance) age of 0.1–0.4 Ma obtained from fault gouge and gypsum deposits. A four-stage sedimentation-tectonic evolution model of the northern Junggar Basin during the Late Cenozoic can be established based on reconstruction of sedimentary filling processes and Cenozoic tectonic movements. We suggest that landform evolution and groundwater movement are controlled by active tectonics, indicating that Late Cenozoic tectonic activities may also play important roles in the formation of sandstone-type uranium deposits. Therefore, a new metallogenic model for sandstone-type uranium deposits is proposed. 相似文献
18.
Yu. I. Goldfarb 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2007,49(4):241-270
The comprehensive study of alluvial gold placers, fluvial sediments, and river valleys allowed division of these placers into subtypes, categories, and varieties on the basis of genetic principles. The comparison of observation results with reconstructions of placer-forming fluvial processes demonstrates the distinct dependence of all basic properties of placers on the dynamics of their formation, i.e., on the hydraulic size of gold grains, the dimensions of streams, and the phase of the elementary erosion cycle (PEC). Four PECs are distinguished: erosion, abrasion, equilibrium, and aggradation. A lithodynamic alluvial complex (LDAC) of the same name corresponds to each PEC. Any fractions of free gold can be transported by streams, and the mode of transportation depends on the PEC. Placers of eight dynamic categories, brush, erosion, perluvial, apron, bar, equilibrium, aggradational, and gravitational, are syngenetic to certain lithofacies belonging to different LDACs. The first four categories are combined into the channel-line subtype, which embraces all traditional placers. The nontraditional bar and equilibrium (beach subtype) and aggradational and gravitational categories (representing two subtypes of the same name (?)) are so far poorly studied but may be regarded as highly promising. The size, morphology, thickness, structure, and localization of placers; average and modal values of size and roundness of gold grains; degree of their sorting and concentration; three-dimensional distribution of gold; composition of alluvium; relationships of placers with alluvium and the gutter, river valleys of various sizes, and types of morphostructures; and other features are distinct for placers pertaining to specific categories and make up natural groups individualized for each category. The correlation of placer properties in each category makes these properties predictable at the early stages of geological exploration and enhances the efficiency of forecasting and prospecting. In high-grade gold clusters, closely spaced placers group into composite deposits. The subdivision of these placers into categories makes it possible to apply rational methods and tools of exploration and mining of placers; to estimate the character, volume, and location of previous losses of gold; and to select targets for their remining. The dynamic analysis of recently formed and ancient placers is helpful for implementation of panning and interpretation of the results obtained in the context of prospecting for gold. The proposed classification may be used not only in the study of stream gold but also in the exploration of some other placer deposits. 相似文献
19.
伊舒地堑早第三纪盆地的结构、充填形式和充填序列以及区域构造格局表明,它属于我国东北部(东部)新生代裂谷系中的一部分,其发育级别低于辽河裂谷盆地带,而优于佳伊地堑北段,为一初始裂谷盆地。该盆地经历了裂谷前隆升剥蚀(晚白垩—古新世)、张裂深陷(始新世)、充填淤积(渐新世)和后期改造(早第三纪末)四个阶段的演化。与我国东部其它新生代裂谷盆地的演化近同时同步。地堑中5000多米厚的早第三纪陆相沉积物具有良好的生储油条件。同时地堑的构造-沉积演化决定了所形成的油气藏具有个体多而细小的特点,在有利的油气聚集区形成复式油田。 相似文献
20.
黄骅坳陷新生代构造活动对无机成因CO2气藏控制作用的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过研究黄骅坳陷新生代的构造活动,对黄骅坳陷无机成因二氧化碳气藏的形成与分布特征进行分析,发现黄骅坳陷无机成因CO2成藏与断裂和岩浆活动密切相关。新生代的NE—NEE向的伸展断裂为幔源型二氧化碳提供了良好的通道,尤其是在这些NE—NEE向伸展断裂与NW向断裂的交汇处,有利于二氧化碳的运移和聚集;同时这些伸展断裂往往是地热较高的区域,有利于热变质成因二氧化碳的生成;岩浆作用不仅可以直接释放来自幔源的二氧化碳气体,而且岩浆作用带来的地热也可以促进碳酸盐岩的热变质作用,释放二氧化碳。同时,黄骅坳陷新生代断裂和岩浆活动的迁移性特点形成了无机成因二氧化碳气藏地域分布特征。 相似文献