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1.
M CHANDRA SEKARAN RAJNEESH BHUTANI S BALAKRISHNAN 《Journal of Earth System Science》2016,125(3):605-622
Pudukkottai region in the northeastern part of the Madurai Block exposes the garnetiferous pink granite that intruded the biotite gneiss. Charnockite patches are associated with both the rock types. Rb–Sr biotite and Sm–Nd whole-rock isochron ages indicate a regional uplift and cooling at ～550 Ma. The initial Nd isotope ratios (\(\varepsilon _{\text {Nd}}^{\mathrm {t}}=-20\) to ?22) and Nd depleted-mantle model ages (TDM = 2.25 to 2.79 Ga) indicate a common crustal source for the pink-granite and associated charnockite, while the biotite gneiss and the charnockite within it represent an older crustal source (\(\varepsilon _{\text {Nd}}^{\mathrm {t}}= -29\) and TDM = > 3.2 Ga). The Rb–Sr whole-rock data and initial Sr–Nd isotope ratios also help demonstrate the partial but systematic equilibration of Sr isotope and Rb/Sr ratios during metamorphic mineral-reactions resulting in an ‘apparent whole-rock isochron’. The available geochronological results from the Madurai Block indicate four major periods of magmatism and metamorphism: Neoarchaean–Paleoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic, mid-Neoproterozoic and late-Neoproterozoic. We suggest that the high-grade and ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism was preceded by magmatism which ‘prepared’ the residual crust to sustain the high P–T conditions. There also appears to be cyclicity in the tectono-magmatic events and an evolutionary model for the Madurai Block should account for the cyclicity in the preserved records. 相似文献
2.
The incorporation of OH defects in quartz from the systems quartz–water, quartz–albite–water and granite–water at pressures between 5 and 25?kbar and temperatures between 800 and 1,000?°C was investigated by IR spectroscopy. The two most important OH absorption features can be assigned to hydrogarnet defects (absorption band at 3,585?cm?1) and coupled substitutions involving Al3+ (Al–H defects, absorption bands at 3,310, 3,378 and 3,430?cm?1). Al incorporation in quartz is controlled by mineral/melt partitioning (D Al Qz/Melt ?=?0.01) and exhibits a negative pressure dependence. This trend is not clearly reflected by the concentration of Al–H defects, which shows positive deviations from the theoretical 1:1 correlation of Al/H for some samples. In contrast to the Al–H defects, formation of hydrogarnet defects appears to be positively correlated to pressure and water activity, and may be used a petrological indicator. The overall water concentration exhibits only minor changes with pressure and temperature, but a clear correlation of water activity (controlled by various amounts of dissolved salts) and hydrogarnet substitution could be established. 相似文献
3.
Laurent Jolivet Fabien Trotet Patrick Monié Olivier Vidal Bruno Goffé Loïc Labrousse Philippe Agard Bad'r Ghorbal 《Tectonophysics》2010,480(1-4):133-148
Syn-orogenic detachments in accretionary wedges make the exhumation of high-pressure and low-temperature metamorphic rocks possible with little erosion. The velocity of exhumation within the subduction channel or the accretionary complex, and thus the shape of P–T paths, depend upon the kinematic boundary conditions. A component of slab retreat tends to open the channel and facilitates the exhumation. We document the effect of slab retreat on the shape of P–T paths using the example of the Phyllite–Quartzite Nappe that has been exhumed below the Cretan syn-orogenic detachment during the Miocene in Crete and the Peloponnese. Data show a clear tendency toward colder conditions at peak pressure and during exhumation where the intensity of slab retreat is larger. This spatial evolution of P–T gradient is accompanied with an evolution from a partly coaxial regime below the Peloponnese section of the detachment toward a clearly non-coaxial regime in Crete. 相似文献
4.
《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》1999,17(5-6):683-702
The Thakkhola–Mustang graben is located at the northern side of the Dhaulagiri and Annapurna ranges in North Central Nepal. The structural pattern is mainly characterised by the N020–040° Thakkhola Fault system responsible for the development of the half-graben. A detailed study of the substrate and the sedimentary fill in several outcrops indicates polyphased faulting:-pre-sedimentation faulting (Miocene), with a mainly NNW–SSE to N–S compressional stress expressed in the substratum by N020–040° and N180–N010° sinistral and N130–140° dextral conjugate strike-slip faults;-syn-sedimentation faulting (Pliocene–Pleistocene), characterised by a W–E to WNW–ESE extensional stress and tectonic subsidence of the half-graben during the Tetang period (Pliocene probably), followed by a doming of the Tetang deposits and a short period of erosion (cf. Pliocene planation surface and unconformity between the Tetang and Thakkhola Formations); the Thakkhola period (Pleistocene) is characterized by a W–E to WNW–ESE extensional stress and a major subsidence of the half graben;-post-sedimentation recurrent extensional faulting and N–S and NE–SW normal faults in the late Quaternary terrace formations.Geodynamic interpretation of the faulting is discussed in relation to the following:
- 1.the geographic situation of the Thakkhola–Mustang half-graben in the southern part of Tibet and its setting in the Tethyan series above the South Tibetan Detachment System (STDS);
- 2.the geodynamic conditions of the convergence between India and Eurasia and the dextral east–west shearing between the High Himalayas and south Tibet;
- 3.the possible relations between the sinistral Thakkhola and the dextral Karakorum strike-slip faults in a N–S compressional stress regime during the Miocene.
5.
N.L. Dobretsov V.A. Vernikovsky Yu.V. Karyakin E.A. Korago V.A. Simonov 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2013,54(8):874-887
The patterns and history of Mesozoic–Cenozoic plume magmatism in the Arctic is considered in relation with suprasubduction volcanism and geodynamic events. The Mesozoic–Cenozoic magmatic history of the area includes seven stages, distinguished by correlation of ages and compositions of volcanics associated with mid-ocean rifting, plumes, and subduction; three of seven stages correspond to global events at 230–200 Ma, 130–120 Ma, and 40–30 Ma. The reported study supports the inferred inverse correlation between plate velocities and amount of subduction-related volcanism. The gained knowledge is used for paleotectonic reconstructions in the Arctic. 相似文献
6.
Fan Jian-Jun Li Cai Wang Ming Xie Chao-Ming 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2018,107(1):231-249
International Journal of Earth Sciences - When and how the Bangong–Nujiang Tethyan Ocean closed is a highly controversial subject. In this paper, we present a detailed study and review of the... 相似文献
7.
Mathematical Geosciences - Study of the characteristics and classification of geothermal gradients can effectively guide the exploration and development of geothermal resources. In this paper, we... 相似文献
8.
Previously published and new data on secondary transformations of the globular and platy phyllosilicates of the glauconite–illite series from the Upper Proterozoic terrigenous rocks of the Olenek and Anabar uplifts (East Siberia), Srednii Peninsula (Murmansk coast), and Vendian–Cambrian boundary rocks of the Podolian Dniester area (Ukraine) are generalized for the first time. Plastic deformation, aluminization, chloritization, berthierinization, as well as replacement of phyllosilicates of different morphology by corrensite- chlorite and pyrite at different lithogenesis stages, are considered and lithological-mineralogical characteristics of the glauconite-bearing rocks are reported. The structural, crystal-chemical, genetic, and isotopegeochronological features of di- and trioctahedral phyllosilicates are discussed. 相似文献
9.
A.V. Lukhnev V.A. San'kov A.I. Miroshnichenko S.V. Ashurkov E. Calais 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2010,51(7):785-793
Current deformation in Pribaikalia, Western and Central Mongolia, and Tuva has been studied from measured horizontal GPS velocities and respective computed strain and rotation rates using 1994–2007 data of the Baikal–Mongolian GPS triangulation network.The GPS velocity field shows two main trends: an NE trend within Jonggaria, the Mongolian Altay, and the Great Lakes Valley and an SE trend in the Hangayn and eastern Gobi Altay mountains, and in the Transbaikalian block of the Amur plate. The velocity magnitudes and vectors are consistent with an SE motion of the Amur plate at a rate of ～2 mm/year.The derived strain pattern includes domains of crustal contraction and extension recognized from the magnitudes of relative strains. Shortening predominates in the Gobi and Mongolian Altay and in the Khamar-Daban Range, where it is at ?2 = (19.2 ± 6.0)×10?9 yr?1 being directed northeastward. Extension domains exist in the Baikal rift and in the Busiyngol–West Hangayn area, where the crust is stretching along NW axes at ?1 = (22.2 ± 3.1) × 10–9 yr–1. The eastern Hangayn dome and the Gobi peneplain on its eastern border show low and unstable strain rates. In central and northern Mongolia (Orhon–Selenge basin), shortening and extension are at similar rates: ?2 = (15.4 ± 5.4)×10?9 yr?1 and ?1 = (18.1 ± 3.1)×10?9 yr?1. The strain pattern changes notably in the area of the Mogod earthquake of 1967.Most of rotation throughout Central Asia is clockwise at a low rate of about Ω = 6×10?9 deg·yr?1. High rates of clockwise rotation are observed in the Hangayn domain (18.1 ± 5.2)×10?9 deg·yr?1, in the Gobi Altay (10.4 ± 7.5)×10?9 deg·yr?1, and in the Orhon–Selenge domain (11.9 ± 5.2)×10?9 deg·yr?1. Counterclockwise rotation is restricted to several domains. One is in western Tuva and northwestern Great Lakes Valley of Mongolia (Ω = 3.7×10?9 deg·yr?1). Two more counterclockwise rotation regions occur on both flanks of the Baikal rift: along the craton edge and in basins of Transbaikalia on the rift eastern border, where rotation rates are as high as (13.0 ± 3.9)×10?9 deg·yr?1, while rotation within the Baikal basin does not exceed the measurement error. Another such domain extends from the eastern Hövsgöl area to the Hangayn northern foothills, with the counterclockwise rotation at a highest rate of (16.3 ± 2.8)×10?9 deg·yr?1. 相似文献
10.
Doklady Earth Sciences - This paper reports new data on the Early Ordovician age established for granitoids of the gabbro—tonalite–trondhjemite complex in the Denisovka ophiolite zone... 相似文献
11.
Infrared powder-absorption spectra of nine natural and five synthetic olivine samples across the forsterite–fayalite join have been investigated at room temperature in the range 70–1400 cm–1. Variations of peak positions as a function of Fe content are close to linear for those vibrational bands whose trend could be followed across the solid solution. Line-broadening has been quantified by autocorrelation analysis. Positive deviations from linearity of the line-broadening parameter, corr, for groups of bands at low energies are consistent with the existence of local elastic strain heterogeneities at intermediate compositions in the solid solution. It also appears that the structure of forsterite is more homogeneous than Fe-rich olivines in relation to local elastic strain effects. Positive deviations from linearity of the line-broadening parameter for the low-energy regions scale linearly with calorimetric data for the enthalpy of mixing. This close correlation between line-broadening in IR spectra and calorimetric enthalpies of mixing has now been observed for four different binary solid solutions, and there is a further, qualitative correlation with bulk modulus. 相似文献
12.
《Geoforum》2015
Drawing on ethnography in the enclaves in India and Bangladesh, this paper explores a multifaceted yet enduring relationship between citizenship, abandonment and resistance. Following the partition in 1947, the enclave residents’ citizenry was enacted like other Indian or Bangladeshi citizens’ disregarding these enclaves’ trans-territorial reality. This paper will demonstrate that enclave dwellers did not live in the ‘citizenship gap’, the difference between rights and benefits of citizenship, rather they lived without any citizenship rights. Life in these enclaves was highly complex and experiences in the enclaves challenge the usefulness of citizenship as a universal framework of analysis for the people who are ranked as citizen but never have it. In this context, a combination of the reverse conceptualisation such as citizenship and Agamben’s conceptualisation of abandonment not only allows for these dimensions of lived experiences to be addressed and explored, it also focuses on the temporal aspect of citizenship implicated in politics. Finally, the paper calls for widening the consideration of the empirical study on everyday citizenship practices and experiences around the globe to extend and intensify the citizenship literatures. 相似文献
13.
The paper concerns with mathematical modeling of two-velocity media with reference to data on Stoneley wave propagation at the fluid-porous solid interface from experiments by K.W. Winkler, H.L. Liu, and D.J. Johnson. Models obtained within the limits of two theories, that of Biot (Biot–Johnson) and continuum filtration, are investigated in comparison. On this basis, it is discussed whether it is reasonable to include pore tortuosity and frequency-dependent permeability and tortuosity when modeling the mechanics of deforming fluid-saturated porous solids. 相似文献
14.
《Geoforum》2016
Cattle-raising, especially for dairy, has expanded in the Ecuadorian Andes since the late 1990s as smallholding farmers have shifted their livelihood activities away from crop-based agriculture due to changes in climate, market conditions, and rural out-migration. Non-migrants constructing cattle-based livelihoods are turning to cattle as the basis for “viable” livelihoods in order to remain in depopulating rural parishes. Non-migrant farmers express ideals such as autonomy and tranquility as reasons for their attachment to rural places. In turn, their livelihood activities remake these places materially. Drawing on Tim Ingold’s conceptualization of taskscape and landscape, I argue that cattle-based livelihoods create a taskscape prone to human–wildlife conflict. Since 2009, residents have reported dozens of Andean bear attacks on cattle. Cattle are vulnerable capital assets. They represent both an investment with daily and weekly dividends over many years, in the form of milk, and a long-term form of wealth storage. The turn to cattle-based livelihoods in this region has thus heightened human–bear conflict. The phenomenon of the human–bear conflict is therefore a product of shifting livelihoods and accompanying changes in the taskscape. This analysis demonstrates the importance of listening to narratives of place attachment and accounting for the cultural logics of livelihood choices when considering interventions to address human–wildlife conflict. 相似文献
15.
G. A. Palyanova Yu. L. Mikhlin N. S. Karmanov K. A. Kokh Yu. V. Seryotkin 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2017,474(2):636-640
The forms of Au and Ag occurrence in the crystallization products of melts in the Fe–S–Ag–Au system depending on the proportions of Fe/S and Ag/Au have been studied at (Fe + S)/(Ag + Au) = 0.1. It is shown that the S-rich systems with S/Fe = 2 contain Au–Ag sulfides and Au–Ag alloys. The systems depleted in S with S/Fe = 1 contain only Au–Ag alloys. The results of XPS provide evidence for the sulfide and metallic components of Au and Ag among the crystallization products of melts in the system studied at S/Fe = 2 and a metallic component with S/Fe = 1. According to the data of electron microprobe analysis, the content of “invisible” forms of noble metals in pyrite and pyrrhotite is < 0.024 wt % for Au and <0.030 wt % for Ag; the contents of “invisible” Au and Ag in troilites are 0.040 ± 0.013 wt % Au and 0.079 ± 0.016 wt % Ag. 相似文献
16.
Lithology and Mineral Resources - Signs of extensive migration of gas-bearing fluids from the sedimentary cover into the water column were identified in the northern Barents Sea during Cruises 25... 相似文献
17.
Doklady Earth Sciences - The content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil and snow cover near the carbon black plants in Moscow, Omsk, and Samara regions was studied. The differences... 相似文献
18.
We have investigated melting relations in the Fe–O–S ternary system in the pressure range of 15–27 GPa and 1873 K. Subsolidus
phase relations are Fe, Fe3S2, and FeO up to 17 GPa and Fe, Fe3S, and FeO above this pressure. The eutectic temperature slightly decreases from ambient pressure to 17 GPa, whereas increases
above this pressure. The eutectic temperature in this study is 100 K lower than that in the Fe–S binary system. The oxygen
content in the Fe–O–S eutectic liquid drops when the coexisting solid phases changes from FeS to Fe3S2. The cotectic lines in the ternary phase diagram lie close to the Fe–FeS binary axis. The isothermal sections indicate that
oxygen solubility in the Fe–O–S liquid increases with increasing temperature, and with increasing sulfur content. The solubility
of sulfur in the solid Fe has a maximum value at the eutectic temperature, and decreases with increasing temperature. Our
results could have important implications for formation and composition of the Martian core. 相似文献
19.
We present an analysis of spectrophotometric observations of the latest cycle of activity of the symbiotic binary Z And from
2006 to 2010. We estimate the temperature of the hot component of Z And to be ≈150 000−170 000 K at minimum brightness, decreasing
to ≈90 000 K at the brightness maximum. Our estimate of the electron density in the gaseous nebula is N
e
= 1010−1012 cm−3 in the region of formation of lines of neutral helium and N
e
= 106−107 cm−3 in the region of formation of the [OIII] and [NeIII] nebular lines. A trend for the gas density derived from helium lines
to increase and the gas density derived from [OIII] and [NeIII] lines to simultaneously decrease with increasing brightness
of the system was observed. Our estimates show that the ratios of the theoretical and observed fluxes in the [OIII] and [NeIII]
lines agree best when the O/Ne ratio is similar to its value for planetary nebulae. The model spectral energy distribution
showed that, in addition to a cool component and gaseous nebula, a relatively cool pseudophotosphere (5250–11 500 K) is present
in the system. The simultaneous presence of a relatively cool pseudophotosphere and high-ionization spectral lines is probably
related to a disk-like structure of the pseudophotosphere. The pseudophotosphere formed very rapidly—over several weeks—during
a period of increasing brightness of Z And. We infer that in 2009, as in 2006, the activity of the system was accompanied
by a collimated bipolar ejection of matter (jets). In contrast to the situation in 2006, the jets were detected even before
the system reached its maximum brightness. Moreover, components with velocities close to 1200 km/s disappeared at the maximum,
while those with velocities close to 1800 km/s appeared. 相似文献
20.
R. H. Meade N. N. Bobrovitskaya V. I. Babkin 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2000,89(3):461-469
Of the world's great rivers, the Ob and Yenisey rank among the largest suppliers of fresh water and among the smallest suppliers of suspended sediment to the coastal ocean. Sediment in the middle reaches of the rivers is mobilized from bordering terraces and exchanged between channels and flood plains. Sediment in the lower reaches of these great rivers is deposited and stored (permanently, on a millennial time scale) in flood plains. Sediment discharges, already small under natural conditions, are diminished further by large manmade reservoirs that trap significant proportions of the moving solids. The long winter freeze and sudden spring breakup impose a peakedness in seasonal water runoff and sediment discharge that contrasts markedly with that in rivers of the tropics and more temperate climates. Very little sediment from the Ob and Yenisey rivers is being transported to the open waters of the Arctic Ocean under present conditions. 相似文献