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利用1985—2018年6个时间段的Landsat TM、ETM、OLI遥感影像，使用面向对象的遥感提取方法，通过选取空间利用结构、开发利用程度、景观指数及质心转移分析了沧州市围填海空间格局变化特征。结果表明：33年间研究区内围填海活动剧烈，1985—2018年，沧州近岸海域新增围填海面积137.05 km2，围填用海规模随时间变化不断扩大。1985—2003年，围填海空间利用结构和类型经历了从以围填养殖用海为主到各类型围填用海兼备的演化过程。研究区内围填海强度逐渐上升，2018年围填海开发强度指数达到274.55。港口用海逐渐成为沧州近海海域围填海的主要类型，围海养殖用海次之。1985—2018年，沧州市围填海景观的聚集度指数与蔓延度指数均较高，平均聚集度指数高达99.4004，围填海景观分布具有较强的规律性。沧州市围填海质心不断向东南方向移动，说明沧州市围填海开发的重点区域逐步迁移至沧州南部海域。在当前围填海现状下，应注重后续围填海开发活动的合理规划和集约利用。 相似文献
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针对港口及临港工业围填海的特点,运用多目标决策理论与方法,构建了港口及临港工业围填海规模评价指标体系,包括现状评定和综合影响两类评价因子,包含自然条件、社会经济条件、资源环境影响、效益评估四类评价要素,共计15个评价指标。并根据成本型、效益型和固定型指标的特点提出了各自的标准化方法,采用主客观综合赋权法确定评价因子的权重,采用线性加权和法计算港口及临港工业围填海规模方案的综合得分,以此为依据确定围填海规模的适宜程度和适宜等级。以江苏辐射沙洲半岛式浅滩腰沙为例,运用港口及临港工业围填海规模综合评价方法,确定腰沙海域最佳的港口及临港工业围填海规模为理论基面+3.0 m。提出的研究方法能够为沿海省市港口及临港工业围填海规模评价提供参考和方法借鉴,对于围填海规模决策和围填海总量控制指标的制定具有重要意义。 相似文献
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以江苏大丰高涂围海养殖区域为研究区,基于ZY-3号高分辨率卫星遥感数据,采用面向对象方法开展了围海养殖用海信息分类提取与动态监测研究。通过多尺度分割获取研究区地物斑块,根据其形状、光谱、纹理等特征信息的差异性,建立分类规则集,并结合目视解译完善提取规则,实现了围海养殖用海中淡水养殖区、海水养殖区和干涸养殖区的分类提取,得到精度达93%的分类结果。总结出养殖区分类提取通用的特征指标集。最后基于目标识别,对多年份围海养殖信息进行动态监测,更全面、高效地了解围海养殖发展趋势,为海洋遥感监测领域拓展了更广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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为进一步加强海域使用管理，促进海域开发利用和资源环境的可持续发展，文章建立围填海用海承载指数评价指标体系和评价模型，分析江苏13个县级行政区的围填海用海承载指数及其监测预警情况，并提出建议。研究结果表明:江苏围填海用海承载指数评价指标体系包括资源禀赋、开发利用强度、发展潜力和区域约束4个一级指标以及10个二级指标；江苏13个县级行政区的围填海用海承载指数为-0.46～9.63，呈显著的空间差异，其中中部辐射沙洲区的大丰区、东台市和如东县围填海用海承载条件良好，北部连云港市辖区以及南部南通市的通州区和启东市围填海用海承载条件较差；未来应建立围填海用海承载能力监测预警长效机制、严格实行围填海管控制度、合理调整和优化产业布局以及加强政府和社会的协同监督。 相似文献
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在青岛东部邻近海域潮流模型的基础上,对青岛市政工程处提出的污水排海位置的多种方案,进行拉格朗日标识质点数值跟踪及海域水质预测,通过比选,从环境角度确定了最佳的排污口位置,并对污水排海方式,及总量控制提出建议。 相似文献
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研究建立洋浦近岸海域岸界自适应网格变动边界的潮流模型及物质输运模型。对开发区提出的多种污水排海方案进行污水质点拉格朗日追踪、污水排海的水质预测及工程投资分析 ,推荐了最佳排污口位置 ,最后计算了污水最大排放量及 8种污染物控制指标排放总量 ,为洋浦开发区的环境管理与保护提供决策依据。 相似文献
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我国海水养殖污染的一项重要原因在于对海水养殖生态环境影响的认识不清,作为我国仅次于开放式养殖的第二大海水养殖方式,围海养殖对海洋生态环境的破坏更大。为提高围海养殖效率,降低围海养殖的外部成本,提升公民海洋生态环境保护意识,文章以浙江省舟山市为例,基于391份随机调查样本,采用条件价值评估法对其围海养殖外部成本进行了评估。研究结果表明:舟山市围海养殖的外部成本约为42.97万元/月;相较于一般居民,围海养殖户对围海养殖外部成本的认知更为清晰和深刻;强化海洋生态环境保护宣传,改进围海养殖技术,出台更严格的围海养殖废水排放标准,将海域使用金征收标准与围海养殖废水处理水平挂钩等措施将有助于降低围海养殖的外部成本。 相似文献
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The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
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We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
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We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
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Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
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The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene. 相似文献
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E. L. Vinogradova 《Oceanology》2008,48(4):483-492
The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers. 相似文献
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Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1... 相似文献
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I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献