共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
松粉热模拟轻烃分子生物标志物分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究表明，花粉的产烃高峰在热模拟的３００℃－５００℃，生产烃期在３５０℃－４５０℃。２００℃以前仅有微量的轻烃产出，５５０℃以后因强烈的热降解效应轻烃馏份也大大降低。轻烃主要由四个组份组成，最主要的组份是１－４个芳环的芳烃系列化合物，它们在４５０℃以前占总轻烃的５５．１７％－６５．２１％。５００℃以后的轻烃中多环芳烃化合物几乎占到１００％。其次组份是正构烷烃，烷基环己烷和长链脂肪酸系列化合物。 相似文献
2.
松花粉热降解甾族分子生物标志化合物及其热演化特征 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
松花粉热模拟实验饱和烃馏分中检出大量的甾族系列生物标志化合物,包括甾烯酮、甾烯、规则甾烷、异构化甾烷、重排甾烷、4-甲基甾烷及孕甾烷,芳烃馏分中还检出芳构化甾烷,从而提供了该类生物标志物植物花粉来源的直接证据.甾族化合物模拟温度150℃时开始断裂出来,250～350℃时达到排出高峰,400℃时含量急剧下降,500℃以后因强烈地热降解而无法检出. 250℃模拟样品中的甾族化合物以甾烯丰度最高,还检出了大量的甾烯酮和规则甾烷.它们都是以C29和C28两个碳数为主,且表现出C29>>C28的特点,每个碳数均以ααα20(R S)两种构型成对出现和相对丰度20R>20S为主要特征.300℃样品中检出C29重排甾烯,350℃时甾烯被大量还原,达到规则甾烷形成的高峰.400℃以后的样品除检出ααα(20R 20S)构型的生物甾烷外,αββ构型异构化甾烷可明显检出,而且也可检出相对丰度较高的C29和C28αβ重排甾烷.规则甾烷的ααα20R构型向20S构型的转化,也随热模拟温度的升高逐渐增强.450℃和500℃的高温模拟样品中检出了较明显的孕甾烷和甲基孕甾烷C21和C22.此外,松粉低温热模拟样品的芳烃馏份中检出单、三芳甾烷. 相似文献
3.
张家口下花园青白口系下马岭组灰质页岩热模拟实验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
华北地区中上元古界地层烃源岩的有机质热演化普遍处于高成熟－过成熟阶段，而张家口下花园青白口系下马岭组页岩和灰质页岩的Rb仅有0.38-0.6%，处于低成熟阶段，是系统研究中上元古界地层的生烃模式及有机质热演化特征的较理想模拟实验样品。本次模拟结果表明：模拟温度在275℃以前（R0＜0.80%)为低成熟阶段，275℃－350℃（R0为0.8-1.32%）为成熟阶段；其中325℃（R0为1.16%)为生油高峰，350℃（R0为1．32％）为轻质油高峰，350℃－410℃（R0为1．32－2．0％）为高成熟阶段，410℃以后（R0＞2．0％）为过成熟阶段。随着温度升高，生成的烃类和干酪根碳同位素（δ^13)逐渐变重，验证了δ^13C存在温阶效用。在过成熟阶段，可溶有机质亦发生了芳核的缩聚反应，使芳烃含量减少，大分子的沥青质含量增多。可溶有机质在高成熟－过成熟阶段有“逆转”现象，正构烷烃碳数分布出现了双主峰，高碳数部位出现了奇偶优势等特征。当Rb>0.81％以后，同一温度点为Rb%>R0%。无水与加水模拟实验对比表明，加水实验的液态烃产率高，液态烃中重组分相对含量多，说明无水实验中热裂解反应强烈，而加水实验更接近地层热演化条件。 相似文献
4.
研究表明,现代松粉热模拟实验释放水的产出分两个阶段,两类水,第一阶段,４００℃以前释放水为松粉内部以水分子形式存在的结合水,呈弱酸性（ｐＨ＝６）,为第一类水,第二阶段,４００℃以上温度释放水为松粉内部和高岭石内部结构水（－ＯＨ）,呈弱碱性（ｐＨ＝９）,为第二类水,现代松粉热模拟实验产出气体量随温度升主呈逐渐上升趋势,４５０℃以后上升梯度突然增大,所产气体分为两大类：Ｉ类为无机气体,由Ｎ２、Ｈ２和ＣＯ２气体组成,以ＣＯ２相对丰度最主为特征。ＣＯ２气主要来自有机酸的脱羧反应和离子太氧与有机质氧化还原反应产出ＣＯ２。Ｈ２气主要来自孢粉和烃,Ｃ４～Ｃ６异构饱和烃及丙烯、丁烯不饱和烃等分子物标志物,其中以甲烷相对丰度最高为特征,气态有机烃来自孢粉内有机物的热降解产物,松粉 拟实验中丰富的气态有机烃和无机气体的检测出,为研 相似文献
5.
采用一系列温和的化学降解法对松辽盆地南部嫩江组烃源岩的干酪根进行连续的选择性化学降解，并对不同降解产物进行色谱—同位素比值质谱分析。研究表明碱性水解和脱硫产物以一元脂肪酸和正构烷烃为主，其中正构烷烃碳同位素分布曲线呈现一定的“负倾”（即随碳数增加呈现逐渐贫13C）趋势；一元脂肪酸以C16和C18为主，具有明显的偶碳优势，与同碳数的正构烷烃具有相似的碳同位素组成。氧化产物则以一元脂肪酸和α,ω 二元脂肪酸为主，一元脂肪酸低碳数部分呈现“负倾”趋势，高碳数部分则呈现“正倾”的趋势；α,ω 二元脂肪酸与低碳数的一元脂肪酸具有相似的分布，表明它们可能具有相同的母源。对比研究表明JL 30抽提物中正构烷烃可能存在混源的影响，其碳同位素组成是多源混合的结果。 相似文献
6.
松粉热模拟生成油的色谱，－色质谱分析表明，热解油以芳烃和饮 为主，芳烃又以单环和双环芳烃为主。热解油中正构烷烃量最高，碳粉分布为Ｃ４－Ｃ２８，多以Ｃ１２为主峰。轻烃色谱参数显示４５０℃为生油高峰的上限，低温热解油重烃含量大于轻烃含量，而高温阶段则相反。 相似文献
7.
《地球化学》2015,(6)
对辽河盆地中央凸起南部潜山原油进行了好氧生物降解模拟实验,分析了辽河原油在轻度至中度(PM 1~4级)的好氧生物降解过程中化学组分的变化,以及在此过程中原油族组分和正构烷烃单体的稳定碳同位素值的变化。结果显示,饱和烃组分的消耗速率最快,正构烷烃的消耗速率高于异构烷烃,低碳数正构烷烃的消耗速率高于高碳数正构烷烃。正构烷烃的疏水性及其在原油中的相对浓度可能是影响微生物选择性地消耗正构烷烃的主导因素,即低碳数的正构烷烃由于在油水界面上的表面张力较小而更容易被微生物降解。正构烷烃单体(C_(14)~C_(30))稳定碳同位素值在生物降解过程中较稳定,未产生明显的碳同位素分馏效应。正构烷烃的好氧降解产物主要是脂肪酸、醇和CO_2。辽河原油中正构烷烃组分的δ~(13)C值较饱和烃、芳烃、胶质和沥青质组分都要偏重,降解产物中水溶性较低的高碳数脂肪酸和醇大部分进入胶质中,少部分通过氢键缔合和形成酯键等方式进入到沥青质组分中,造成沥青质组分的δ~(13)C值发生相应的变化,即对沥青质的δ~(13)C值产生"拉动效应";而降解产物中高水溶性的低碳数烷基酸和醇会进入水相而脱离原油,导致残余油的整体δ~(13)C值相应变轻。因此,假如易受生物降解的烃类如正构烷烃等的δ~(13)C值与原油的δ~(13)C值差别比较大,那么生物降解过程中随着原油化学组成的改变,原油本身及其族组分的δ~(13)C值均可能发生明显的变化。 相似文献
8.
渤海湾盆地油气资源十分丰富、类型多样。通过对渤中凹陷19个原油样品地球化学特征的系统研究,揭示了该区不同类型、不同性质原油在物理性质、化学组成、生物标志物分布与组成、正构烷烃单体烃碳同位素等方面的差异。研究表明,渤中凹陷存在凝析油、正常油和生物降解原油。凝析油具有低密度、低粘度、低含蜡、饱和烃含量高,非烃、沥青质和芳烃含量低的特征,生物降解原油则反之。凝析油和生物降解原油中的重排补身烷丰度都大于8β（H）-补身烷的丰度,C24四环萜烷丰度低。渤中凹陷原油正构烷烃单体烃碳同位素组成分为两类：一类具有较轻的碳同位素组成,其同位素值介于-2．75％～-2．95％之间;另一类的碳同位素组成则较重,一般介于-2．40％--2．75％之间。 相似文献
9.
不同类型沉积物中脂肪酸的分布、演化和生烃意义 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
对近代海洋沉积物、泥炭、福山凹陷第三系泥岩、茂名盆地第三系油页岩和辽河盆地东部凹陷第三系沉积岩剖面等样品中脂肪酸类型和分布特征进行了分析与研究。结果表明以低等浮游动植物为主的沉积中，二元肪酸丰度相对比一元酸占优势。随深程度增加，沥青中脂肪酸高碳数相对减少，低碳数相对增高，偶碳估势逐渐消失。在辽河盆地东部凹陷埋深２２６６ｍ的泥岩中发现脂肪酸仍具有偶碳优势，证明沉积有机质中偶碳脂肪酸优势可以保存到生油高峰前的较高演化阶段，对低熟原油烷烃的生成和具奇碳优势有重要意义。 相似文献
10.
为探究全球变暖对于高纬度海洋生态环境的影响,对中国第5次北极科学考察在白令海陆架区采集的BL16柱样沉积物中的脂类进行了研究.沉积物中检测到丰富的饱和烃和脂肪酸等化合物,其组成和分布显示,该沉积柱中有机质为陆源和海源混合输入.其中长链正构烷烃和长链饱和正构脂肪酸主要来源于陆源高等植物,饱和异构和反异构脂肪酸主要来源于海洋自生细菌,短碳链正构烷烃、反异构烷烃和烷基环戊烷烃的浓度相互间有较好的相关性,表明其来源较为一致,主要来源于海洋浮游藻类和细菌.海源短链正构烷烃与陆源长链正构烷烃的比值∑C15-21/∑C23-33在0.14~0.90之间,表明该沉积柱中正构烷烃主要以陆源输入为主.沉积柱中短链正构烷烃、反异构烷烃和烷基环戊烷浓度,以及脂肪酸中异构、反异构脂肪酸组分与长链饱和正构脂肪酸组分的相对变化与总有机碳含量（TOC）、总氮含量（TN）变化一致,尤其在20世纪70年代以来明显升高,可能反映了海洋初级生产力持续增加的趋势,并且对全球变暖做出了灵敏的响应. 相似文献
11.
12.
大庆油田杏南开发区东部过渡带原油特征及油源对比 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
杏南开发区东部过渡带的原油具有密度低、粘度低、含胶量低、含蜡量高、凝固点高的物性特征,属于典型的轻质油。其饱和烃含量、总烃含量和饱／芳比高,反映了藻类母质油源的输入特征。其正烷烃碳数分布范围为nC15—nC39,呈单峰态分布,主峰碳数为nC23,nC23。全油及族组分碳同位素值较轻。甾烷化合物含量丰富,并含有一定数量的C30—4甲基甾烷,C27,C28与C29甾烷的分布型式呈“L”字型。原油中的五环三萜类化合物含量丰富,主要有藿烷系列、升藿烷系列和r-蜡烷系列等。油源对比研究表明,研究区原油只具有与其东侧三肇凹陷中青一段泥岩大致相同的碳同位素值和甾、萜烷分布特征,表明原油主要来源于该凹陷中的青一段泥岩。 相似文献
13.
14.
现代松粉的热变质实验研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
本文通过现代松粉较大样品量的热模拟定量研究，认为松粉具有很大的生烃潜力，其特性接近于１类干酪根。以甲烷为主的伴生烃类气体最高产率达２４７ｍ３/ｔ。液态烃包括轻烃和抽提物，产率最高分别达６６．８ｋｇ/ｔ和９４．８ｋｇ/ｔ。受热变质的松粉，低温阶段主要是收缩变小，逐步出现裂隙和本体与气囊分离，３５０℃以上完全破碎。随温度升高松粉及碎片的颜色不断加深，主要调１５０℃以下为黄，２００℃～３００℃为棕，２５０℃～４５０℃为棕黑，５００℃以上为黑。色度指数和镜质组反射率值也随温度升高而增大。 相似文献
15.
Fecal pellets from the pelagic crab Pleuroncodes planipes were a substantial portion of the particulate organic matter in a sediment trap deployed at the bottom of the mixed layer in the eastern tropical North Pacific Ocean. The lipids of fresh P. planipes feces were compared to lipids of the sediment trap material, of mixed zooplankton which may comprise part of the diet of the crab, and of the crab itself in order to elucidate the source of organic compounds found in the trap. Hydrocarbons, wax esters, triacylglycerols, steroidal alcohols, steroidal ketones, and fatty acids were determined by capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Significant input of lipids via sedimentation of crab fecal material is indicated, and modification of dietary lipid within the gut of the crab is inferred. Labile dietary fatty acids are depleted and sterols enriched in the fecal pellets and trap material relative to the zooplankton and crab. Nuclear saturated and unsaturated 3-ketosteroids and unsaturated steroidal hydrocarbons were detected in the crab, its feces, and in the sediment trap particulate material. 相似文献
16.
流体包裹体轻烃有机气体组成及对矿床成因的制约——以嵩溪大型银（锑）矿为例 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
嵩溪银（锑）矿是一个新发现的大型独立银矿。矿物流体包裹体超高真空四极气相质谱系统测定显 示，该矿成矿流体中存在多种轻烃有机气体，主要由Ｃ１－Ｃ４饱和烷烃组成，仅含微量Ｃ２－Ｃ４不饱和烯烃和芳烃，说明 成矿过程基本未受到高温岩浆作用的影响。化学平衡研究表明，这些轻烃气体为微生物成因和沉积岩围岩中Ⅱ类 干酪根热解成因的混合气体，其中前者占２／３以上，说明成矿中微生物活动曾起到相当大的作用；后者的平衡温度 为３００℃，远超过成矿深度所能达到的地热温度，因此这部分轻烃气体可能源于沉积盆地深处，经成矿流体长距离携 带到达较浅的矿化部位。文章从一个侧面证实嵩溪矿可能为沉积热卤水改造型矿床，而不是前人所认为的海底基 性火山喷流或中低温火山热液充填矿床。 相似文献
17.
Immature Torbanite and the resistant biopolymer (PRB A) isolated from extant B. braunii were previously compared using bulk spectroscopic methods. In the present work, analysis of 400°C pyrolysis products and pyrolysis residues provided further information on their structure and possible relationships. It appears that such polymers are based upon unbranched, saturated, cross-linked hydrocarbon chains up to C31. In addition to these bridging structures, a substantial part of the alkyl chains is singly bound, as esters of unbranched, saturated or cis unsaturated, even fatty acids. These esters are sterically protected, against chemical degradations, by the network of the bioand geopolymer.Quantitative and qualitative observations derived from 400°C pyrolysis confirm that the chemical structure of PRB A and immature Torbanite are closely related. The pyrolysis residues show a similar evolution and numerous common features are noted, with respect to the nature and the distribution of the major constituents of the pyrolysates (hydrocarbons and fatty acids). Accordingly, Botryococcus provides what seems to be the first example of a close structural relationship between a biopolymer produced in large amounts by an extant alga and the geopolymer of an immature kerogen. The essential role of PRB A in Torbanite formation is ascertained. Moreover, it is found that the resistant biopolymer does not undergo important structural changes during the first stages of diagenesis. Thus, owing to steric protection, the esters of immature Torbanite show a distribution quite close to the one of PRB A esters, with exclusively even constituents and a large contribution of unsaturated acids.Recent observations pointed to the possible genesis of some algal kerogens principally by selective preservation of resistant macromolecules. Such a type of formation is clearly predominant in Torbanite, where the bulk of the fossil organic matter corresponds to a selectively preserved and weakly altered, resistant biopolymer, while incorporation of lipids into the kerogen structure during diagenesis seems to play a minor role. 相似文献
18.
The cell membrane phospholipid (PL) inventory of microbial populations in a Siberian permafrost soil of the Lena Delta was analysed to examine as to how the microbial populations within different horizons of the active layer were adapted to the extreme temperature gradient in this environment. One surface-near and one permafrost-near soil sample were taken from the active layer on Samoylov Island in the southern central Lena Delta (Siberia) and in each case incubated at 4 and 28 °C. Subsequently, the phospholipid cell membrane composition of the indigenous microbial populations was qualitatively and quantitatively determined and compared. In both horizons, the incubation at 4 °C is characterized by a shift in the PL inventory to more short chain fatty acids. A significant trend in the proportions of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, however, was not detected. A higher proportion of both short chain and unsaturated fatty acids counterbalances the effect of decreasing cell membrane fluidity with decreasing environmental temperature. Thus, the adaptation of the permafrost microbial populations within the different horizons to varying ambient temperature conditions appears to be mainly regulated by the chain length of the phospholipid fatty acids. Although there is almost no change in the proportions of unsaturated fatty acids between the 4 and 28 °C incubation experiments, the permafrost-near horizon in general contains more unsaturated fatty acids than the surface-near horizon and a higher proportion of short chain fatty acids. This suggests that the lipid inventory of the microbial population nearer to the perennially frozen ground is more adapted to lower temperatures than that of the microbial community from the surface-near horizon, which seems to show a higher flexibility toward higher temperature conditions. The permafrost-near horizon appears to be dominated by psychrophilic species, while the surface-near horizon is characterized by a mesophilic-dominated microbial community. 相似文献
19.
SUN Xiaoming David I. NORMAN SUN Kai WANG Min CHEN Binghui CHEN Jingde YU Shoujun Department of Earth Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong Chin E-mail: eessxm@zsu.edu.cn State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu Chin Department of Earth Environmental Sciences New Mexico Institute of Mining Technology 《《地质学报》英文版》2003,77(2):227-236
The Songxi deposit is a newly discovered large Ag (Sb) deposit. By using a suite of high-vacuum quadrupole gas mass spectrometer systems, the authors have recognized many kinds of light hydrocarbons in fluid inclusions of minerals. These hydrocarbons are mainly composed of C1-C4 saturated alkanes, while the contents of C2-C4 unsaturated alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons are quite low, suggesting that the metallogenic processes have not been affected by magmatic activities. Chemical equilibrium studies show that these hydrocarbons may be a mixture of organic gases generated by microorganism activity and those by thermal cracking of type-n kerogens (kukersite) in sedimentary host rocks, and the former may constitute more than two-thirds, implying that microorganism might have played an important role in the metallogenesis. The equilibrium temperature of the latter is about 300℃, which is much higher than the geothermal temperature at the estimated depth of metallogenesis. Thus, the light hydrocarbons gen 相似文献
20.
九曲金矿位于招远—平度成矿带内,地处胶东金矿集中区的西北部。矿区内出露的岩浆岩为黑云母二长花岗岩、浅色细粒花岗岩及似斑状花岗闪长岩,矿体受断裂构造控制,属石英脉型金矿床。矿化分为四个阶段:石英-黄铁矿阶段、黄铁矿-石英阶段、石英-多金属硫化物阶段及碳酸盐阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,矿体中含金石英脉发育含CO2三相包裹体(Ⅰ型)、气液两相包裹体(Ⅱ型)和纯CO2包裹体(Ⅲ型)3种类型。成矿流体具有由早阶段到晚阶段,温度从中高温(301℃~365℃)到中低温(200℃~256℃)逐渐降低,CO2从富到贫逐渐减少,整体上具有低盐度(3.53%~10.74%Na Cleqv)和低密度(0.55~0.96 g·cm-3)的特点,成矿压力为75~129 MPa,成矿深度为7.04~9.46 km,成分以CO2、H2O为主。δD=-51×10-3~-64.2×10-3,δ18O水=0.9×10-3~7.1×10-3。笔者认为成矿流体以地幔流体为主,后期有大气降水参与;δ34S变化范围为6.4×10-3~7.4×10-3,显示成矿物质为深源含矿岩浆,上涌过程中与赋矿围岩发生重熔。矿床属幔源流体参与成矿的中温热液脉型金矿床。 相似文献