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1.
The Meiduk deposit possesses three different Cu reservoirs each with a unique Cu isotope signature. δ65Cu for the leached cap minerals ranges from ?2.5 to +0.49‰ to ?0.45 to +0.3‰ for hypogene minerals and from +1.3 to +4.4‰ for supergene enrichment minerals. Oxidation of hypogene sulphides and effective trapping of copper (from solutions derived from the leached cap) in the supergene enrichment zone caused this relationship. A systematic pattern of low Cu isotope values close to the surface and higher isotope values with depth reveals a palaeo‐fluid pathway in the northwest–southeast direction over the deposit. Thus, the copper isotope data from leached cap and enrichment minerals can be used to monitor copper migration during supergene weathering at the Meiduk deposit.  相似文献   

2.
The Sarcheshmeh copper deposit is one of the world's largest Oligo-Miocene porphyry copper deposits in a continental arc setting with a well developed supergene sulfide zone, covered mainly by a hematitic gossan. Supergene oxidation and leaching, have developed a chalcocite enrichment blanket averaging 1.99% Cu, more than twice that of hypogene zone (0.89% Cu). The mature gossans overlying the Sarcheshmeh porphyry copper ores contain abundant hematite with variable amounts of goethite and jarosite, whereas immature gossans consist of iron-oxides, malachite, azurite and chrysocolla. In mature gossans, Au, Mo and Ag give significant anomalies much higher than the background concentrations. However, Cu has been leached in mature gossans and gives values close or even less than the normal or crustal content (< 36.7 ppm). Immature gossans are enriched in Cu (160.3 ppm), Zn (826.7 ppm), and Pb (88.6 ppm). Jarosite- and goethite-bearing gossans may have developed over the pyritic shell of most Iranian porphyry copper deposits with pyrite–chalcopyrite ratios greater than 10 and therefore, do not necessarily indicate a promising sulfide-enriched ore (Kader and Ijo). Hematite-bearing gossans overlying nonreactive alteration halos with pyrite–chalcopyrite ratios about 1.5 and quartz stringers have significant supergene sulfide ores (Sarcheshmeh and Miduk). The copper grade in supergene sulfide zone of Sarcheshmeh copper deposit ranges from 0.78% in propylitized rocks to 3.4% in sericitized volcanic rocks, corresponding to the increasing chalcopyrite–pyrite or chalcocite–pyrite ratios from 0.3 to 3, respectively. Immature gossans with dominant malachite and chrysocolla associated with jarosite and goethite give the most weakly developed enrichment zone, as at God-e-Kolvari. The average anomalous values of Au (59.6 ppb), Mo (42.5 ppm) and Ag (2.6 ppm) in mature gossans associated with the Sarcheshmeh copper mine may be a criterion that provides a significant exploration target for regional metallogenic blind porphyry ore districts in central Iranian volcano–plutonic continental arc settings. Drilling for new porphyry ores should be targeted where hematitic gossans are well developed. The ongoing gossan formation may result in natural acidic rock drainage (ARD).  相似文献   

3.
Ninety rock samples from the La Granja porphyry copper in northern Peru have been analyzed for 30 elements, 10 of which are discussed here. Although intense weathering has produced a leached capping up to 200 m thick, the distribution of Mg, Ca, Na, K, Rb and Sr can still be correlated with different phases of hydrothermal alteration.There has been complete supergene leaching of sulphides; Cu has been depleted 10 to 30 times and Mo up to twice with respect to hypogene ore, Fe has been enriched in some parts of the leached capping, whereas Au remained stable. The coincidence of low Fe, high Mo and high Au contents with a high Cu/Fe ratio in the capping indicates the approximate centre of the underlying orebody. Also, high K, Rb, Mg and low Sr indicate high-grade copper ore.  相似文献   

4.
The Konkola deposit is a high grade stratiform Cu–Co ore deposit in the Central African Copperbelt in Zambia. Economic mineralisation is confined to the Ore Shale formation, part of the Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Katanga Supergroup. Petrographic study reveals that the copper–cobalt ore minerals are disseminated within the host rock, sometimes concentrated along bedding planes, often associated with dolomitic bands or clustered in cemented lenses and in layer-parallel and irregular veins. The hypogene sulphide mineralogy consists predominantly of chalcopyrite, bornite and chalcocite. Based upon relationships with metamorphic biotite, vein sulphides and most of the sulphides in cemented lenses were precipitated during or after biotite zone greenschist facies metamorphism. New δ34S values of sulphides from the Konkola deposit are presented. The sulphur isotope values range from −8.7‰ to +1.4‰ V-CDT for chalcopyrite from all mineralising phases and from −4.4‰ to +2.0‰ V-CDT for secondary chalcocite. Similarities in δ34S for sulphides from different vein generations, earlier sulphides and secondary chalcocite can be explained by (re)mobilisation of S from earlier formed sulphide phases, an interpretation strongly supported by the petrographic evidence. Deep supergene enrichment and leaching occurs up to a km in depth, predominantly in the form of secondary chalcocite, goethite and malachite and is often associated with zones of high permeability. Detailed distribution maps of total copper and total cobalt contents of the Ore Shale formation show a close relationship between structural features and higher copper and lower cobalt contents, relative to other areas of the mine. Structural features include the Kirilabombwe anticline and fault zones along the axial plane and two fault zones in the southern limb of the anticline. Cobalt and copper behave differently in relation to these structural features. These structures are interpreted to have played a significant role in (re)mobilisation and concentration of the metals, in agreement with observations made elsewhere in the Zambian Copperbelt.  相似文献   

5.
More than 20 sediment-hosted massive sulphide deposits occur in Late Palaeozoic basins in South China. These deposits are accompanied by a certain amount of volcanic rocks in the host sequence and are economically important for their Cu, Pb, Zn, Au and Ag reserves. The deposits and their host strata were commonly intruded by Mesozoic granitoids. Remobilisation of sedimentary ores and magmatic hydrothermal overprinting processes resulted in the coexistence of massive sulphides with vein-, skarn- and porphyry-type orebodies in the same region or within a single deposit. The ore-containing basins occur in different tectonic settings. The Lower Yangtze basin occurs on a passive continental margin, where the deposits are high in Cu and Au with minor Pb and Zn and recoverable Ag, Co and Mo. The ores have a lower concentration of radiogenic lead, and δ34S values close to zero. Fluid inclusions are highly saline and Na-rich. Fluids and metals of the Lower Yangtze Region are interpreted to have been derived essentially from deep sources including the Precambrian basement. By contrast, basins of the Nanling Region formed in an intracontinental setting developed on a folded Caledonian basement. These deposits are higher in Pb, Zn, Sn and W, as well as Cu, with recoverable Ag, Sb, Hg, U, Bi, Tl and Mo. The ores are characterised by a higher concentration of radiogenic lead and a wide variation of δ34S composition. Fluid inclusions have lower salinities and higher K+/Na+ ratios. Fluids are considered to have been sourced substantially from seawater by convection. Metals for the Nanling deposits were essentially derived from the Caledonian basement by leaching. The contrast in ore composition between these two regions appears to have been controlled by differences in basement composition of the ore-forming basins.  相似文献   

6.
元素表生活动性规律研究是制定地球化学勘查方法技术、开展地球化学找矿工作的前提和基础。以北山地区辉铜山铜矿为例,系统研究了元素的表生活动特性。结果表明：在不同母岩形成的土壤中,Cu、Mo、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag、As、Bi、Ba、Sr等微量元素富集作用存在差异;与粗粒级相比较,细粒级中元素的富集作用更加明显;随着样点到矿体之间距离的增加,粗粒级土壤样品的Cu、Mo元素含量降低,而Ba、Sr元素含量略有升高。土壤中常量元素含量特征表明：粗粒级与细粒级的物质组成、化学成分存在明显差异,粗粒级更接近于母岩。微量元素的富集作用与黏土矿物含量呈正比,与主要造岩矿物含量呈反比。以上述试验结果为基础,采用－4～＋40目粗粒级为采样介质,有效圈出了辉铜山铜矿元素正异常和负异常,为该地区的找矿靶区优选提供了依据。  相似文献   

7.
The geotectonic units of Zhejiang Province include the Yangtze Plate in the northwest juxtaposed against the South China fold system in the southeast along the Jiangshan–Shaoxing fault. The South China fold system is further divided into the Chencai–Suichang uplift belt and the Wenzhou–Linhai geotectogene belt, whose boundary is the Yuyao–Lishui fault. The corresponding metallogenic belts are the Mo–Au(–Pb–Zn–Cu) metallogenic belt in northwest Zhejiang, the Chencai–Suichang Au–Ag–Pb–Zn–Mo metallogenic belt, and the coastal Ag–Pb–Zn–Mo–Au metallogenic belt. The main Mesozoic metal ore deposits include epithermal Au–Ag(Ag), hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn(Cu), and porphyry–skarn-type Mo and vein-type Mo deposits. These ore bodies are related to the Mesozoic volcanic-intrusive structure: the epithermal Au–Ag(Ag) deposits are represented by the Zhilingtou Au–Ag deposit and Houan Ag deposit and their veins are controlled by volcanic structure; the hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn deposits are represented by the Dalingkou Ag–Pb–Zn deposit and also controlled by volcanic structure; and the porphyry–skarn-type Mo deposits are represented by the Tongcun Mo deposit and the vein-type Mo deposits are represented by the Shipingchuan Mo deposit, all of which are related to granite porphyries. These metal ore deposits have close spatio-temporal relationships with each other; both the epithermal Au–Ag(Ag) deposits and the hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn deposits exhibit vertical zonations of the metallic elements and form a Mo–Pb–Zn–Au–Ag metallogenetic system. These Jurassic–Cretaceous deposits may be products of tectonic-volcanic-intrusive magmatic activities during the westward subduction of the Pacific Plate. Favourable metallogenetic conditions and breakthroughs in the recent prospecting show that there is great resource potential for porphyry-type deposits (Mo, Cu) in Zhejiang Province.  相似文献   

8.
Wilga is one of several Au-bearing volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits localized within Silurian felsic volcanics of the Lachlan Fold Belt of NE Victoria. Exploration has delineated a resource of 3.7 Mt averaging 3.4% Cu, 5.5% Zn, 0.4% Pb, 31 g/t Ag and 0.5 g/t Au within a lensoid-shaped sulphide body which strikes NE, dips NW and occurs at a depth of 50–160 m below surface. This body has maximum dimensions of 470 m strike, 350 m down-dip and 37 m true width delineated by 59 surface diamond drill holes and an exploration adit with 40 underground diamond drill holes. There are two main types of mineralization: Stratiform massive sulphides , (mainly pyrite, low-Fe sphalerite, variable chalcopyrite and minor galena with very minor silica/dolomite gangue) and Stratiform chloritic sulphides (mainly chalcopyrite, with subordinate pyrite and sphalerite, in a gangue of chlorite and minor dolomite). The deposit is layered with at least 6 distinct stratigraphic horizons/cycles of mineralization each characterized by a Cu-rich base and Pb-(Zn)-Au-As-rich top. Facies variations are locally rapid. Economically the deposit consists of 3 sub-lenses of roughly equal tonnage: a Cu-rich central lens of Chloritic Sulphides (av. 5.9% Cu, 3.6% Zn, 0.3% Pb, 32 g/t Ag and 0.2 g/t Au) between upper and lower lenses of Zn-rich Massive Sulphides (av. 1.8% Cu, 6.7% Zn, 0.5% Pb, 31 g/t Ag and 0.7 g/t Au). Gold mineralization, locally up to 7 g/t over 6 m, shows a strong spatial association with Pb, (Zn) and As in pyritic massive sulphides.  相似文献   

9.
The Wadi Bidah Mineral District of Saudi Arabia contains more than 16 small outcropping stratabound volcanogenic Cu–Zn–(Pb) ± Au-bearing massive sulphide deposits and associated zones of hydrothermal alteration. Here, we use major and trace element analyses of massive sulphides, gossans, and hydrothermally altered and least altered metamorphosed host rock (schist) from two of the deposits (Shaib al Tair and Rabathan) to interpret the geochemical and petrological evolution of the host rocks and gossanization of the mineralization. Tectonic interpretations utilize high-field-strength elements, including the rare earth elements (REE), because they are relatively immobile during hydrothermal alteration, low-grade metamorphism, and supergene weathering and therefore are useful in constraining the source, composition, and physicochemical parameters of the primary igneous rocks, the mineralizing hydrothermal fluid and subsequent supergene weathering processes. Positive Eu anomalies in some of the massive sulphide samples are consistent with a high temperature (>250°C) hydrothermal origin, consistent with the Cu contents (up to 2 wt.%) of the massive sulphides. The REE profiles of the gossans are topologically similar to nearby hydrothermally altered felsic schists (light REE (LREE)-enriched to concave-up REE profiles, with or without positive Eu anomalies) suggesting that the REE experienced little fractionation during metamorphism or supergene weathering. Hydrothermally altered rocks (now schists) close to the massive sulphide deposits have high base metals and Ba contents and have concave-up REE patterns, in contrast to the least altered host rocks, consistent with greater mobility of the middle REE compared to the light and heavy REE during hydrothermal alteration. The gossans are interpreted to represent relict massive sulphides that have undergone supergene weathering; ‘chert’ beds within these massive sulphide deposits may be leached wall-rock gossans that experienced silicification and Pb–Ba–Fe enrichment from acidic groundwaters generated during gossan formation.  相似文献   

10.
烂泥塘矿床是云南香格里拉地区典型的斑岩型铜矿床,主矿体产于在地表以下300～500米,地表矿化带仅见脉状铜矿体和铜矿化体.为研究云南香格里拉烂泥塘斑岩铜矿床的原生晕异常结构,本文以异常结构模式理论和方法为基础,对矿床地表和坑道岩矿石样品开展了元素组合、异常特征和水平分带规律研究.结果表明,烂泥塘铜矿床地球化学系统的结构...  相似文献   

11.
The Pulang (普朗) porphyry copper deposit, located in the southern segment of the Yidun-Zhongdian (义敦-为中甸) island arc ore-forming belt of the Tethys-Himalaya ore-forming domain, is a recently discovered large copper deposit. Compared with the composition of granodiorite in China, the porphyry rocks in this area are enriched in W, Mo, Cu, Au, As, Sb, F, V, and Na2O (K1≥1.2). Compared with the composition of fresh porphyry rocks in this district, the mineralized rocks are enriched in Cn, Au, Ag, Mo, Pb, Zn, W, As, Sb, and K2O (K≥1.2). Some elements show clear anomalies, such as Zn, Ag, Cu, Au, W, and Mo, and can be regarded as pathfinders for prospecting new ore bodies in depth. It has been inferred from factor analysis that the Pulang porphyry copper deposit may have undergone the multiple stages of alteration and mineralization: (a) Cu-Au mineralization; (b) W-Mo mineralization; and (c) silicification and potassic metasomatism in the whole ore-forming process. A detailed zonation sequence of indicator elements is obtained using the variability index of indicator elements as follows: Zn→Ag→Cu→Au→W→Mo. According to this zonation, an index such as (Ag×Zn) D/(Mo×W) D can be constructed and regarded as a significant criterion for predicting the Cu potential at a particular depth.  相似文献   

12.
对拜仁达坝铅锌矿矿集区3个多金属矿区的3个土壤粒级样品中Zn、Pb、Cu、Ag 4种主要成矿元素的7种赋存形式(水溶态、离子交换态、碳酸盐结合态、有机质结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、硫化物结合态和残渣态)进行了测定。研究结果表明:1银都矿区土壤中Zn、Pb和Ag浓度最高,而道伦达坝矿区土壤中Cu的浓度最高;2拜仁达坝矿集区土壤中Zn、Pb和Cu主要以残渣态形式赋存,而Ag主要以铁锰氧化物结合态和硫化物结合态形式赋存;3拜仁达坝矿集区Zn、Pb和Cu元素在3个土壤粒级中的各个赋存形式所占的比例略有差别,但总体上大致相同,而Ag元素的赋存状态在3个土壤粒级的差异较大;4 3个矿区土壤中水溶态、离子交换态、碳酸盐结合态和有机质结合态的Zn和Pb差别不大;铁锰氧化物结合态、硫化物结合态和残渣态的Zn和Pb,以及Cu和Ag的7个赋存状态在3个矿区的差别较大。  相似文献   

13.
A number of programs have investigated the use of rock geochemistry in the search for volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits in the Canadian Shield. Regional-scale studies have been successful in differentiating productive from nonproductive volcanic cycles. Wall-rock studies have successfully delineated alteration halos related to the mineralizing event. While an alteration halo has been identified around the South Bay massive sulphide deposit, this halo does not extend far enough from the deposit to be useful for reconnaissance purposes. The authors therefore tested the possibility of enhancing detection of a primary trace-element halo by using the heavy mineral fraction of the rocks.The geochemical dispersion of trace elements in the heavy-mineral fraction of rocks was investigated around the South Bay massive sulphide deposit, in the Superior Province of the Canadian Shield. Approximately 270 samples were ground to 74–500 μm (−35 +200 mesh) and separated using the heavy liquid bromoform. Following removal of the magnetic fraction, the samples were further pulverized, and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry for Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Fe, Mn, Co and Ni. Corresponding whole-rock samples were analyzed to provide for a comparative study with the whole-rock geochemistry.Analysis of the heavy-mineral fraction of rocks revealed strong and extensive halos of Cu, Pb, Zn and Ag persisting in some cases up to 10 km along strike away from the South Bay Deposit. By comparison, in the whole-rock data, halos of Pb, Ag and Zn were detected no farther than 1–2 km away from the deposit. Furthermore, trace-element content in the whole rocks appeared to be dominated by rock type; either multivariate statistical techniques, or separation of the data by rock type, was necessary to distinguish the anomaly related to mineralization. Trace-element content in the heavy-mineral concentrates was dominated by the presence of the sulphide minerals pyrite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite, thus directly reflecting mineralization.Use of the heavy-mineral fraction of the rock eliminates the dilution effects of quartz and feldspar, allowing enhancement of trace-metal concentrations in sulphide minerals, and the delineation of strong and extensive halos of Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag and Mn around the South Bay massive sulphide deposit. While the cost of preparation of heavy-mineral separates is higher than that for whole-rock samples, the anomaly clearly defined by the trace-element content of the heavy fraction avoids the need for costly major-element and subsequent statistical analysis, and increases target size by an order of magnitude. The heavy-mineral fraction obtained from rocks shows great potential as an exploration guide to volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits.  相似文献   

14.
枪口南银多金属矿床地处东昆仑多金属成矿带东段,枪口—哈龙休玛海西-燕山期铁、银、铅、锌、铜、金、钼成矿亚带部分,成矿地质条件优越。枪口南银多金属矿区目前已圈定9条矿化带,21个矿体,主要矿种有金、银、铜、铅、锌、钼等,矿石类型主要为构造热液(脉)型铜铅锌银矿石、构造蚀变岩型金矿石。枪口南矿区构造-岩浆活动强烈,印支期—燕山期构造岩浆活动为矿区成矿提供了热源、成矿物质,区内NE向断裂控制区内金、铜、铅锌等矿体的产出,NW向断裂组控制着区内金、银矿(化)体。NW向断裂组,是区内重要控矿构造;区内中部发现的Ⅳ号含矿斑岩体,具有斑岩型矿床蚀变特征,显示其具有斑岩成矿条件。枪口南银多金属矿床成因有构造热液(脉)型、构造蚀变岩型和斑岩型。  相似文献   

15.
罗卜岭矿床是与晚中生代花岗闪长斑岩体有关的隐伏斑岩型铜钼矿床, 矿区位于紫金山矿田的东北部; 铜钼矿体主要产于绿泥石化-绢英岩化和(弱)钾化-绢英岩化带中, 矿石矿物组合为黄铜矿+辉钼矿; 少量过渡类型矿体产于高级泥化带中, 矿石矿物组合为蓝辉铜矿+铜蓝+辉钼矿。罗卜岭矿区的原生晕地球化学三维模型显示, 微量元素具有一定的分带特征, 低温元素Au与高温元素组合W、Sn、Bi分布于矿体上方, 中低温元素Pb、Zn、Ag分布于Cu、Mo元素之间; 元素直观垂向分带序列大致为: (As、Sb、Hg)-(W、Bi、Sn)-Ga-Au、Ba-Cu、Ag-Pb、Zn-Mn-Mo; 前缘晕的元素与氧化物组合为As、Sb、Au、Ga、Al2O3, 矿体近矿晕元素组合为Ag、Pb、Zn, 缺失尾晕元素组合; Cu、Mo可直接作为找矿指示元素, Au、Ag、Pb、Zn、As、Sb、Ga、Ba、Mn可作为间接指示元素, 矿床深部K2O正异常与Al2O3负异常可作为斑岩型铜钼矿的重要找矿标志, 这一规律对紫金山矿田深部和外围隐伏斑岩型矿体的勘查工作具有重要的参考意义。  相似文献   

16.
This study is carried out for delineation of the Tepeoba porphyry-skarn Cu-Mo ± Au mineralized zones at the Biga peninsula (NW Turkey) using the concentration–volume (C–V) fractal model. The power-law C–V relationships of Cu, Mo, and Au reveal five mineralized zones of Cu, three zones of Mo, and five zones for gold in the Tepeoba deposit. The main phase of the mineralization has average ore grades of 0.257% Cu, 0.357% Mo and 5.3083 ppm Au. Cu–Mo sulfide-rich hypogene ore zone overlain by mineralized oxidation zone are encompassed by three main alteration types, which are represented by biotite ± muscovite-K-feldspar, actinolite-albite and outer chlorite-epidote-calcite mineral associations occurring within the porphyritic microgranite and hornfels in the mine area. The delineated mineralization trend, based on the C–V fractal model, suggested that Cu and Mo enrichment zones were controlled by the same geochemical processes in the deposit due to their similar trends with the C–V log-log plot. Cu and Mo occurred mainly within the breccia zones along with stockwork veining at the contact between the hornfels and the biotite (±muscovite)-K-feldspar-altered Eybek microgranite. The main mineralization zone of Au developed in the oxidation zone due to of supergene enrichment processes.  相似文献   

17.
The Heath Steele massive sulphide deposit in northern New Brunswick lies conformably within a sedimentary-volcanic sequence of probable Ordovician age which has been metamorphosed to the greenschist stage. The dominant sulphide mineral is pyrite, and the main economic minerals are sphalerite, galena, and chalcopyrite; the general grade of the ore is 5% Zn, 2% Pb, and 1% Cu.The distribution of Pb and Zn in acid volcanic rocks stratigraphically above the massive sulphides is compared with the distribution in similar rocks stratigraphically below the sulphides. Whereas there are discernable differences in the populations, there is also considerable overlap between them. To enable individual samples to be classified, linear discriminant functions were calculated for the two groups; Pb and Zn were found to be the most useful variables to separate the two populations. The functions were then tested on hanging wall and footwall samples not used in computing the functions. A halo region, extending about 1,200 ft above the sulphides and 4,000 ft along the same stratigraphic horizon as the sulphides was outlined by samples classified as “hanging wall”. Beyond the halo zone there is no significant difference in the distribution of Pb and Zn between the hanging wall and footwall acid volcanic rocks.The results demonstrate that rocks at Heath Steele, which show no evidence of mineralogical alteration attributable to mineralization, have a trace element halo of considerable extent spatially associated with the sulphides. If similar halos can be shown to be a general feature of massive sulphide deposits, the technique described should have wide application for exploration for deeply buried deposits of this type.  相似文献   

18.
The main Woodlawn ore lens is a polymetallic, massive sulphide deposit’ with pyrite the major constituent, variable sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite, and minor arsenopyrite, tetrahedrite‐tennantite, pyrrhotite and electrum. The silicate gangue minerals are chlorite, quartz, talc and sericitic mica. Other mineralization in the vicinity consists of footwall copper ore in chlorite schist and several smaller massive sulphide lenses. The predominant country rocks are felsic volcanics and shales, with abundant quartz, chlorite and mica, and talc in mineralized zones.

An important textural feature of the massive ore is the fine compositional banding. Bands, which vary in thickness from a few tens of micrometres to several millimetres, are produced by variations in the sulphide content. Post‐depositional metomorphism and minor fracturing have only slightly modified this banding.

Apart from the major element constituents—Pb, Zn, Fe, Cu and S—the ore is characterized by significant (100–1000 ppm) values for Ag, As, Cd, Mn, Sb and Sn, and lower (1–100 ppm) values of Au, Bi, Co, Ga, Hg, Mo, Ni, Tl. In and Ge. Variations in the base‐metal sulphide content, the gangue mineralogy, and trace elements, are used to separate the orebody into hanging‐wall and footwall zones. The hanging‐wall zone shows a more variable trace element content, with higher Tl, Sn, Ni, Mn, Ge and Sb, but lower Ag, Cd, and Mo, than the footwall zone.

In general style of mineralization, mineralogy, and chemistry, the Woodlawn deposit resembles other volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits in eastern Australia, in New Brunswick in Canada, and the Kuroko deposits of Japan.  相似文献   

19.
The Cu-Zn-Pb-Ag sulphide deposit at Teutonic Bore is a stratiform deposit of apparent volcanogenic origin in Archaean metabasaltic rocks in the Yilgarn Block of Western Australia. The area has moderate topographic relief, and has been weathered to a depth of about 75 m, which is about 40 m below the present water table. Part of the deposit, before mining commenced, was exposed at the surface as a gossan, samples of which contained between 500 and 1000 ppm Zn, Cu and Sb, and in excess of 1000 ppm Pb, Sn and As.The primary ore has weathered to supergene sulphides, then to an oxide assemblage containing abundant secondary ore minerals, then to leached oxides, and finally to surface gossan. The strong geochemical signature of the gossan is attributed partly to elements chemically combined with Fe oxides, partly to the presence of several stable secondary ore minerals, and partly to the presence of unweathered primary minerals. Diagnostic boxwork textures, except for those of pyrite, are not well developed.  相似文献   

20.
The Eastern Highlands of Australia have probably been in existence since the Late Cretaceous or earlier and so there has been ample time for mature gossan profiles to form over outcropping volcanogenic Zn–Pb–Cu mineralisation in the eastern Lachlan Fold Belt. The mature gossan profiles are characterised by the upward progression from supergene sulfides to secondary sulfates, carbonates and phosphates into a Fe-oxide dominated surficial capping which may contain boxwork textures after the original sulfides (as at the Woodlawn massive sulfide deposit). However, the region has locally been subjected to severe erosion and the weathering profile over many deposits is incomplete (immature) with carbonate and phosphate minerals, especially malachite, being found in surficial material. These immature gossans contain more Cu, Pb and Zn but lower As, Sn (and probably Au) than the mature gossans. Although Pb is probably the best single pathfinder for Zn–Pb–Cu VHMS deposits of the eastern Lachlan Fold Belt, Ag, As, Au, Bi, Mo, Sb and Sn are also useful, with most of these elements able to be concentrated in substantial amounts in Fe oxides and alunite–jarosite minerals.  相似文献   

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