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1.

Our purpose is to explore the travel behavior of blind or vision impaired people, focusing in particular on travel by bus. We differentiate the sample depending on the availability of a household car. We examine perceptions of and attitudes toward existing transit and various transit characteristics, highlighting features that seem to be frustrating or difficult. Finally, we have travelers evaluate the potential usefulness of various assistive devices, including electronic information that gives navigational assistance.  相似文献   

2.

The representation of women on geography faculties did not increase appreciably between 1971 and 1977, but women in other academic disciplines have fared somewhat better. The latter have improved their status primarily as a result of actions taken by professional associations representing their fields. When a professional association ignores its female constituency or refuses to commit itself to improving their circumstances, federal agencies now offer alternative channels for obtaining redress.  相似文献   

3.
Abstract

I argue that scientific disciplines are esteemed, supported, and patronized largely to the degree to which they are perceived as providing a “return” on invested societal resources. This “return” takes the form of scholarly products that help answer deep human questions or otherwise materially benefit members of the society whose resources they are. Such a view implies that disciplines exist in a “market” in which members compete for these limited resources by delivering products seen as valuable. In such a market, disciplinary relevance and survival are ultimately tied to decisions individual scholars practicing within the disciplines make about which research they pursue, the greater the perceived “return” the better for the long-term health of the discipline.  相似文献   

4.
ABSTRACT

It is commonly assumed that personal experiences of a changing climate will influence people’s attitudes to the extent that they will be more likely to acknowledge anthropogenic climate change as a real threat and therefore be more willing to accept both mitigation and adaptation efforts. In the article, the authors examine how survey participants’ personal experiences of extreme events and climate-related changes in the natural environment influenced their perceptions of climate change. Using data from a nationally representative survey conducted in Norway in 2015 and the results of logistic regressions, the authors find that individual observations of changes in nature were linked to higher levels of concern with regard to climate change, as well as to attitudes that were more positive towards personal mitigation and adaption efforts. Somewhat counter-intuitively, they also find that participants who had personally experienced a natural hazard event were less concerned about climate change compared with participants without such experiences. The authors conclude that personal experience of the consequences of climate change may in some cases have a limited effect on enhancing people’s concerns about climate change.  相似文献   

5.
Abstract

The incorporation of the technology of geographic information systems (GIS) into a wide range of planning decisions makes it important that the visually handicapped have access to GIS-based map products to participate more fully in community decision making. Fortunately, GIS contain many procedures useful to the design of tactile maps, including changes of scale and simplification. Developing research opportunities are outlined within the context of the general problem. Tactile maps using microcapsule paper can be produced quickly, but they must be tested using visually handicapped subjects to ensure that suitable symbolization and specifications are developed.  相似文献   

6.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(2):103-104
Abstract

“Friends in High Places” is a group activity designed to integrate geography with other social studies disciplines such as government, political science, American history, and world issues. It is necessary to consider geography when shaping foreign policy because the formulation of foreign policy requires of its very nature reaching out from our borders like a worldwide network of nerve fibers. As chief diplomat, the President conducts foreign affairs including 1) the initiation of foreign policy, 2) the recognition of new foreign governments, and 3) the making of treaties.  相似文献   

7.
Abstract

This research examines the effects of culture on a child's perceptions of his or her neighborhood by comparing the neighborhood sketch maps of a group of Amish and non-Amish children from the same rural Pennsylvania neighborhood. The results of this study lend credence to the belief that early and intensive acculturation helps define our sense of “neighborhood” very early in life. There are possible applications to multicultural education in this study. As we discover what is important to students from other subcultures and backgrounds, we can customize our instruction to make it more meaningful and effective.  相似文献   

8.
Abstract

As a result of advances in GIS, students from a range of disciplines (epidemiology, public health, medical sociology, and anthropology) are seeking to learn how to apply a mapped, spatial perspective to issues of disease and health. This paper describes a pilot program whose intent has been to develop an interdisciplinary, skills-based course in medical mapping using a case-based approach. The focus of its first module is the famous nineteenth-century case of a cholera epidemic in Soho, London. Here, however, that case–critical to a range of disciplines—is an opportunity to introduce modern GIS tools and their applicability to the issues surrounding the mapping of diseases in general.  相似文献   

9.

This article discusses perceptions of linkages between population and environment among Norwegian teacher trainee students. It is based on experiences from teaching, the examination of more than 1500 written examination papers, and a questionnaire to students. The conclusion is that students generally hold neo-Malthusian views of environmental crisis as the inevitable consequence of population increase. These perceptions, which we characterise as 'myths', contrast with results of recent research. The article discusses some of the sources of these myths as well as reasons for their apparent robustness.  相似文献   

10.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(5):206-213
Abstract

The concept of scale is fundamental to geography, yet the definitions for “scale” and related spatial terms can be confusing to those working in other spatial science disciplines. This is particularly true in the emerging multidisciplinary world of integrated remote sensing and geographic information systems, or IGIS's, where data of different types and at various spatial and temporal scales are combined to support complex space-time data analyses. Without a basic lexicon of accepted scale terms, working within an IGIS can breed confusion in the interpretation of data and the models that result from an IGIS construct. This paper provides some terminologies of scale that can be used as a framework for a multidisciplinary lexicon of accepted scaling terms and describes their relationships to an IGIS. It also illustrates how scaling terms can be potentially misunder stood when applied to geographic techniques that are used in disciplines related to geography.  相似文献   

11.

Formal program evaluation is one of the most widely used tools for program termination decisions in universities. By understanding and anticipating program evaluation, a farsighted geography department can convert it from a threat into a strategy for survival in the 1980s. In the process, many departments will be renewed and improved.  相似文献   

12.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(5):187-193
Abstract

A three-year institute called “The Lodge Pole River Project” was designed to change educator perceptions of American Indian historical geography and encourage the creation of balanced and culturally sensitive American Indian K-12 curriculum. This project offered unique opportunities to assess a geography institute's impact upon teacher knowledge and perceptions towards Native people and pedagogical approaches to teaching about American Indians and their landscapes. The assessment suggests that three weeks of field work, archival research, and curriculum writing increased participant knowledge of American Indian history and culture, solidified sympathetic perceptions and attitudes towards Native people, and strengthened the ability of educators to offer different interpretations of American Indian geography and history to their students.  相似文献   

13.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(4-5):131-141
Abstract

This article describes the results of a study where the digital versatile disc (DVD) was used as a variant of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in order to aid in the teaching and learning of map work in geography at secondary school level. A group of grade 10 learners of a previously disadvantaged school in South Africa comprised the target group for the project. A case study was conducted and data was gathered on the implementation of the DVD and the learners' perceptions thereof. Qualitative analysis techniques such as field notes, observation, interviews with the learners, and questionnaires were used to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of the DVD as well as the learners' perceptions regarding the use of the DVD in geography education. The results of the study indicated that the geography learners demonstrated positive attitudes towards the implementation of the DVD as a learning support medium. To determine the contribution of the DVD project towards the achieved results of the learners in map work, both the experimental and control groups participated in a pre- and post-test at the beginning and conclusion of the project. Effect size was used to determine the significance of the differences between the two groups and indicates a strong practical significance regarding the contribution of the DVD project towards the achieved test results of the learners.  相似文献   

14.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(6):592-598
Abstract

This paper introduces college-level geography students to the International System of Units (SI), which is a standardized set of units used in science, engineering, and commerce. The system is based on seven base units from which all other units are derived. There are precise rules for using and writing SI units which should be followed, as proper use of SI in geography and related disciplines facilitates communication and reduces wasted effort at converting units.  相似文献   

15.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(5):181-191
Abstract

The human brain appears to have several “regions” that are structured to do different kinds of spatial thinking, according to a large and rapidly growing body of research in a number of disciplines. Building on a previous review of research with older children and adults, this article summarizes the research on spatial thinking by young children. Three conclusions: brain structures for spatial reasoning are fully functional at a very early age, adult intervention can enhance both use and representational ability, and practice in early grades is an important, perhaps even essential, part of the scaffold for later learning.  相似文献   

16.

As a viable intellectual and professional pursuit with well defined goals, physical geography is alive and kicking but demands greater commitment from the geography profession generally. In particular, physical geographers are exhorted to be thoroughly trained in the subject matter and methodology of their own and related disciplines, to be integrative in the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data, to be predictive in their work, and to be proud of the role that they can play in serving society's environmental needs.  相似文献   

17.
ABSTRACT

Though global-coverage urban perception datasets have been recently created using machine learning, their efficacy in accurately assessing local urban perceptions for other countries and regions remains a problem. Here we describe a human-machine adversarial scoring framework using a methodology that incorporates deep learning and iterative feedback with recommendation scores, which allows for the rapid and cost-effective assessment of the local urban perceptions for Chinese cities. Using the state-of-the-art Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms, the proposed method provides perception estimations with errors less than 10%. The driving factor analysis from both the visual and urban functional aspects demonstrated its feasibility in facilitating local urban perception derivations. With high-throughput and high-accuracy scorings, the proposed human-machine adversarial framework offers an affordable and rapid solution for urban planners and researchers to conduct local urban perception assessments.  相似文献   

18.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(7):414-420
Abstract

Curriculum change with regard to the inclusion of the black American has taken place largely within the disciplines of history, sociology, anthropology, and the humanities. Their literature has included, in part, the geographical aspects of Black America. Geographers have lagged behind other social scientists in recognizing the reality of Black America. This paper indicates that geography can be an integral part of Black Studies programs at various levels of education.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

Sixty third grade students were placed in three groups two of which were given instruction in an experimental geography unit. The third group served as a control. Although the content, concepts, and skills were identical for each experimental group, one group received instruction in a teaching progression which went from concrete to abstract experiences while the other experimental group received instruction in an abstract to concrete progression. Both experimental groups achieved significantly higher scores on a post-test of concept and skill attainment than did the control group. However, neither experimental group achieved a significantly higher score than the other. Evidence emerged that learners with a low self-power concept achieved better scores when they were placed in the concrete to abstract sequence.  相似文献   

20.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(6):252-258
Abstract

Through an instructional approach, this article offers a template for a classroom-based geography capstone course grounded in pedagogical elements of synthesis and reflection, as based on exploration of ten key geographic ideas. It provides insights into course goals, structure, and components for instructors who may wish to implement it in geography or in other disciplines, and it situates the template in the general structure of capstone courses detailed in social science literature. The article contributes to geography instruction with a focus on classroom-based capstone courses as an application of teaching and learning undergraduate geography.  相似文献   

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