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1.
地震易发地区的锚固岩石边坡,需要研究其地震稳定性。对于锚固典型岩石边坡,在考虑水平与竖向地震力、张裂缝积水深度、坡顶超载、锚索倾角、锚索位置、锚索拉力及静水与动水压力等的条件下,运用拟静力和拟动力方法分别推导了不同工况条件下其抗滑和抗倾覆地震安全系数。分析表明,竖向向上地震力有利于锚固岩石边坡的抗滑稳定,而竖向下的地震力有利于锚固岩石边坡的抗倾覆稳定;在相同工况条件下,当岩体放大系数等于1.0时,拟动力与拟静力方法所得锚固岩石边坡地震安全系数相差无几,但是,当岩体放大系数逐渐增大时,拟动力方法所得地震安全系数越来越明显地小于拟静力方法所得地震安全系数。因此,在抗震设计当中适当的考虑岩体放大系数,将会有利于锚固岩石边坡的安全设计。 相似文献
2.
在极限平衡分析框架内,使用滑动面搜索新方法和圆弧滑动面方法对地震作用下的土钉支护边坡进行稳定性分析。考虑地震作用时,采用拟静力分析方法,并根据不同的条分模式,推导出水平地震动态分布系数的计算公式。针对地震效应下圆弧滑动面竖直条分法的不足,采用水平和竖直条分法相结合的改进方式。通过算例对比分析,并研究土钉支护间距与不同地震烈度条件下土钉长度的变化对边坡静力和动力稳定性的影响,结果表明,滑动面搜索新方法计算得的最小安全系数与圆弧滑动面方法的计算结果颇为接近,且比以往研究成果要小,可说明滑动面搜索新方法的可行性;在土钉支护边坡的静力和动力稳定性分析中,滑动面搜索新方法计算得的临界滑动面与临界圆弧滑动面接近,但表现出非圆弧特性;在一定程度上可减小土钉支护间距和增大土钉长度,可有效地改善土钉支护边坡在地震作用下的稳定性。 相似文献
3.
为了对带有垂直裂隙的岩质边坡进行稳定性分析,基于极限分析上限法,引入广义Hoek-brown准则对最危险滑移面上的旋转破坏机制和稳定性进行分析,利用拟静力法等手段计算地震力、水压力和均布荷载等不同条件下岩质边坡稳定性的变化,并将外荷载与在滑动面上耗散的能量的比值作为稳定系数,推导出了带有垂直裂隙的岩质边坡的稳定性分析上限解。案例的计算结果表明:基于广义Hoek-Brown强度准则的上限法计算出的结果较极限分析上限法保守,安全系数差距在10%左右;本方法对于有多条裂隙影响的边坡可以分别分析不同裂隙的前部所形成的潜在滑坡体的稳定性并进行对比以选取最危险的滑动块体进行分析。 相似文献
4.
强度折减动力分析法在滑坡抗滑桩抗震设计中的应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用动力有限差分软件FLAC,结合强度折减动力分析法,提出抗滑桩抗震设计新方法,将滑坡安全稳定系数作为岩土体参数折减系数对岩土体参数进行折减,采用FLAC动力分析,考虑了桩与岩土体地震荷载下动力相互作用,将地震作用过程中桩内力峰值除以混凝土强度增大系数与地震作用完毕之后桩的内力值进行比较,二者中大值作为桩的抗震设计内力值,同时还要求桩顶边坡动力安全系数大于设计容许值,确保滑坡不会发生越顶破坏。通过一个滑坡算例,对抗滑桩支护抗震设计进行分析,结果表明：动力强度折减分析法进行抗滑桩抗震设计,能考虑桩土动力相互作用,并得到实际桩前推力分布形式,为抗滑桩支护边坡的抗震设计提供了一个新的思路。 相似文献
5.
提出一种抗滑桩加固三维复杂边坡抗震设计的新方法——拟动力方法。采用“牛角型”破坏机构,并基于极限运动学原理分析了抗滑桩加固三维复杂边坡在地震动态荷载下的稳定性。与传统的拟静力方法相比,提出的拟动力方法更接近实际且更加经济。经参数分析求得了各影响因素对边坡安全系数Fs的影响规律,并得出以下结论：相较于简单的单台阶边坡,带平台边坡更趋于稳定;在三维复杂边坡的抗震设计时,抗滑桩能有效提升边坡的稳定性能。根据工程实际提出相应的工程建议。 相似文献
6.
基于极限分析上限定理,采用拟动力法研究了地震效应下非均质土坡的三维稳定性,并通过重度加大法（GIM）推导出边坡安全系数的显式表达式。此外,采用遗传算法进行优化,将所得结果进行对比验证,详细分析了地震条件下相关参数对边坡稳定性的影响。分析结果表明：边坡高度一定时,宽高比、边坡倾角的增大以及土体内摩擦角、非均质系数的减小均会造成安全系数的降低;拟静力法获得的结果相比于拟动力法较大,两种方法结果的差值会随着水平地震系数、有效内摩擦角的增大而增大,随着边坡倾角的增大而减小;土体放大系数的增大会导致安全系数减小,而地震波周期及波速的变化几乎对安全系数没有影响;滑动面轨迹受水平地震系数的影响较大,而受非均质系数的影响相对较小。 相似文献
7.
汶川地震造成大量的边坡支挡结构的破坏,边坡抗震设计必须进行新的考虑。提出基于性能设计的原则为边坡抗震设计方法,即边坡支挡结构抗震设计应该按照3级设防的要求规定如下:遭遇多遇地震时候,边坡处于稳定状态,要求稳定系数达到1.2; 遭遇设计地震时候,边坡处于基本稳定状态,要求稳定系数达到1.15; 遭遇罕遇地震时,边坡处于欠稳定状态,要求稳定系数达到1.05。采用上述抗震设计方法,结合具体算例,采用强度折减动力分析法进行了算例边坡抗震设计,结果表明基于性能设计的方法,既满足抗震设计总的原则,又具有很强的可操作性,对边坡支挡结构抗震设计具有重要意义。 相似文献
8.
边坡稳定性分析的关键是如何确定最危险滑动面的位置并计算与之相对应的安全系数。由于传统的极限平衡分析方法很容易陷入局部极小值而不能找到真正的最危险滑裂面,因此采用瑞典条分确立土坡分析模型,用遗传算法搜索土坡最危险滑动面,进而求得土坡最小安全系数。该方法模拟了生物遗传进化的过程,克服了传统方法的局限性。通过和面积细分法所搜索的最危险滑动面和计算得到的土质边坡安全系数作对比,可得遗传算法在土质边坡稳定分析中具有较高的精度与可靠性。遗传算法可以很好地解决如何寻找土质边坡整体极值的问题。工程应用实例表明,遗传算法分析土质边坡的稳定性效果良好,具有很好的应用前景。 相似文献
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10.
边坡动力可靠性分析方法的模式、问题与发展趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
边坡可靠性研究从静力学领域逐步拓展到更具一般性的动力学领域是研究不断深化的必然结果。当前国际上对边坡动力可靠性的研究正处于起步阶段,现有的边坡动力可靠性评价理论和方法均是从静力可靠性理论体系发展而来。通过剖析可靠性问题求解的理论构架,将边坡静力可靠性分析方法分为6种嵌套模式,指出其中4种可以拓展到动力学领域。明确了高性能计算在动力可靠性分析中的地位,依据计算复杂性理论对算法的效率做了定量的研究,给出了静力和动力条件下的时间复杂度。对近13年来（2000－2012年）SCI-E数据库收录的46篇文献进行了统计分析。在此基础上,将边坡动力可靠性研究存在的问题归纳为3个方面：①对不确定性考虑不足。②边坡体系可靠度求解方法所存在的争论对动力学领域的影响显著。③计算效率问题已成为制约动力可靠性研究的技术瓶颈之一。指出未来边坡动力可靠性研究的发展趋势是：①对不确定性的考虑将趋向全面和深入;在岩土体物理力学性质的描述上,运用随机场理论来刻画空间变异性的研究将逐步受到重视;且模糊性与随机性将获得深入的整合。②针对边坡体系可靠度求解方法的争论,今后的发展方向之一是致力于从理论上实现完备的证明,结束关于边坡体系可靠度求解方法的争论;方向之二是在具体实践上,朝着精细化、复杂化的方向发展,将会更为广泛地与新兴的群体智能优化算法相结合。③在解决动力可靠性分析的计算效率问题上,以Monte Carlo法内嵌响应面法的模式具有良好的发展前景,通过吸收非线性学科的相关优秀算法作为高效率的响应面代理手段,将会极大地推动边坡动力可靠性研究的发展。 相似文献
11.
In general, the determination of the factor of safety and the location of the critical slip surface are two major challenges in seismic slope stability analysis. In this paper, a new approach for determining the factor of safety and the corresponding critical slip surface of a layered rock slope subjected to seismic excitations is presented, through a case study based on the combination of the shear strength reduction technique and distinct element method. According to this proposed method, the seismic factor of safety and the critical slip surface of the slope are estimated and compared with those obtained by the pseudo-static approach, combined with the limit equilibrium method. It is found that the factor of safety obtained from the proposed method is slightly greater than that computed by the pseudo-static analysis, with a difference of 4.2%, and that the critical slip surface obtained from the two methods is identical, which confirms the reasonability and feasibility of the proposed method. 相似文献
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13.
This study embraces the formation of the limiting geometry of finite slopes under the static and seismic conditions within the slip line theory framework coupled with the modified pseudo-dynamic approach. The proposed methodology is expected to achieve a global factor of safety of 1.0 for the obtained slope profile. While analysing the stability of slopes using the limit analysis or the limit equilibrium method, the cognition of the slope geometry and the nature of the slip surface need to be known in advance. Such limitations are ruled out in the present analysis with the aid of the slip line method. Further, by employing the modified pseudo-dynamic approach, the dynamic properties of soil, such as damping ratio and frequency effect, are effectively considered in this stability analysis. The consideration of the slip line theory permits to achieve an adaptive failure mechanism in the analysis. The impact of a set of parameters characterizing the input motion and the dynamic soil properties on the behaviour of a slope explains the relevance of the present modified pseudo-dynamic approach compared to the conventional pseudo-static and the original pseudo-dynamic approaches. The proposed solution serves as a measure of the seismic slope stability in accordance with the geomorphological process generally encountered in nature. Compared with the available literature, the present results propose safe, economical, and efficient design guidelines for finite slopes and intimate the need for preventive measures to enhance the stability of existing slopes.
相似文献14.
Evaluating the failure probability of a slope under the seismic condition during a given exposure time is important for performance-based assessment of slope stability. In this paper, a two-stage method is suggested to study the seismic stability of a slope during a given exposure time. In the first stage, the exceedance probability of the horizontal pseudo-static acceleration is evaluated. In the second stage, the vulnerability curve of the slope, which shows the relationship between the horizontal pseudo-static acceleration and the failure probability of the slope, is established. The failure probability of the slope during a given exposure time is then assessed by combining the exceedance probability curve of the horizontal pseudo-static acceleration and the vulnerability curve of the slope. Examples investigated show that the reliability of a slope under the seismic condition is controlled by multiple slip surfaces. A slope may have different failure probabilities during the same exposure time when it is at different locations because of different levels of ground shaking. Event at the same site, different slopes may have different failure probability because of the difference in factors like slope geometries and geological conditions. The method suggested in this paper can be used to quantify the effect of the above factors on the reliability of a slope. 相似文献
15.
Seismic Stability Analysis of a Himalayan Rock Slope 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The seismic slope stability analysis of the right abutment of a railway bridge proposed at about 350 m above the ground level, crossing a river and connecting two huge hillocks in the Himalayas, India, is presented in this paper. The rock slopes are composed of highly jointed rock mass and the joint spacing and orientation are varying at different locations. Seismic slope stability analysis of the slope under consideration is carried out using both pseudo-static approach and time response approach as the site is located in seismic zone V as per the earth quake zonation maps of India. Stability of the slope is studied numerically using program FLAC. The results obtained from the pseudo-static analysis are presented in the form of Factor of Safety (FOS) and the results obtained from the time response analysis of the slope are presented in terms of horizontal and vertical displacements along the slope. The results obtained from both the analyses confirmed the global stability of the slope as the FOS in case of pseudo-static analysis is above 1.0 and the displacements observed in case of time response analysis are within the permissible limits. This paper also presents the results obtained from the parametric analysis performed in the case of time response analysis in order to understand the effect of individual parameters on the overall stability of the slope. 相似文献
16.
Finding the critical slip surface and estimating the landslide volume are of primary importance for slope seismic design. However, this may be difficult due to the uncertainty of ground motions. To address this problem, a new method for calculating uncertainties is recommended in this paper, especially for the critical slip surface and landslide volume under random earthquake ground motions. Firstly, a series of intensity–frequency nonstationary random earthquake ground motions were generated based on an improved orthogonal expansion method. A given number of potential slip surfaces were set in a soil slope. Subsequently, the factor of safety (FOS) of each slip surface for all ground motions was calculated and the minimum FOS curves were obtained. It was found that the critical slip surfaces and failure times are uncertain under different earthquakes. The Monte Carlo method was used to verify the accuracy of probability density evolution method (PDEM), and the results of the PDEM and the Monte Carlo method are consistent, meaning that the PEDM has higher computational efficiency. Moreover, the distributions of earthquake-triggered landslide volume and landslide depth were analyzed by considering equivalent extreme events. Both landslide volume and depth exhibit a normal distribution for a homogeneous soil slope. The framework of this study is meaningful for slope seismic design in engineering, for example, the location of critical slip surface can be used for slope reinforcement, and the distribution of sliding volume can be used for disaster assessment. 相似文献
17.
Finite Element (FE) pseudo-static analysis can provide a good compromise between simplified methods of dynamic analysis and time domain analysis. The pseudo-static FE approach can accurately model the in situ, stresses prior to seismic loading (when it follows a static analysis simulating the construction sequence) is relatively simple and not as computationally expensive as the time domain approach. However this method should be used with caution as the results can be sensitive to the choice of the mesh dimensions. In this paper two simple examples of pseudo-static finite element analysis are examined parametrically, a homogeneous slope and a cantilever retaining wall, exploring the sensitivity of the pseudo-static analysis results on the adopted mesh size. The mesh dependence was found to be more pronounced for problems with high critical seismic coefficients values (e.g. gentle slopes or small walls), as in these cases a generalised layer failure mechanism is developed simultaneously with the slope or wall mechanism. In general the mesh width was found not to affect notably the predicted value of critical seismic coefficient but to have a major impact on the predicted movements. 相似文献
18.
传统有限元强度折减法在边坡稳定性数值分析中取得了一定的成功,但由于未考虑岩土体材料参数的变异性等不确定性因素,尚不能直接应用于边坡稳定性特别是动力稳定性可靠性分析问题。为此提出了基于有限元强度折减法的地震边坡动力稳定性可靠性分析方法。将有限元极限分析法、动力分析法和可靠性分析法三者耦合,分析求解边坡在地震作用下的动力稳定性可靠性问题,并将这一过程在数值计算程序中得以实现。在计算分析过程中,克服了原方法需不断人工试算才能得到边坡安全系数而无法量化处理问题,并对边坡动力失效准则进行了适用于程序化的改进,使其计算过程完全实现自主运行。结合典型算例分析结果表明,该方法显著的特点是能较全面地反映岩土体的动力特性和边坡岩土体材料强度参数的变异性及相关性,所得结果相对更加合理且更符合工程实际。该方法既是对有限元强度折减法的应用范围的有益推广,也为边坡动力稳定性可靠性问题研究提供了一条新的有效途径。 相似文献
19.
论滑坡地震力 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文评述了滑坡地震稳定性分析方法的由来,发展和存在问题。比较了基于拟静力法的边坡和滑坡地震力分析的规范,讨论了放大效应与加速度分布系数,滑坡模型的刚性与非刚性,静力与动力分析等问题。尽管拟静力法仍是滑坡地震分析的常用方法,但实际上从太沙基首先引入该方法开始,就受到包括他本人在内的学者们的质疑。特别是从20世纪70年代Seed H.B.对1971年2月9日圣费尔南多地震引发的土石坝滑坡进行了系统研究以来,在欧美等国,基于时程的动力学分析取得了明显的进展,逐渐成为滑坡地震分析的一种更为合理的方法。汶川地震后,我国新制定、修订的与边（滑）坡相关规范大多仍沿用前苏联20世纪40～50年代的《地震区建筑规范》和我国20世纪70年代颁布的《水工建筑物抗震设计规范》（SDJ10-78）采用的方法,在设计理论和实际应用上仍处于粗浅的经验阶段。作者建议应该借鉴地震工程的新理论和新方法,推动我国滑坡地震力分析的现代化和规范化,认为:正如滑坡在重力下的稳定性评价可以根据岩土体的特征,采用圆弧法和折线法两大类方法那样,在地震力作用下的稳定性分析也应进行分类:（1）对于岩质滑坡,应采用地震惯性力沿不同高度考虑放大系数的拟静力法;（2）对于均质饱水的土质滑坡,应采用循环荷载下可模拟土体液化特征的动力分析法;（3）对于堆积层滑坡,应简化放大系数,根据具体条件采用拟静力法或动力分析法。 相似文献
20.
基于土钉弹性支座假设,考虑了地震作用时边坡滑动体实时动态滑移对土钉受力的影响,结合拟静力极限平衡法推导了土钉受力实时动态变化与边坡震后位移计算表达式,提出了一种地震作用下土钉支护边坡震后位移计算的改进方法。结合算例分析表明,考虑与不考虑土钉受力实时动态变化的两种计算方法获得的边坡水平位移时程曲线规律基本一致,皆呈阶跃式增大趋势,但考虑土钉受力实时动态变化的改进计算方法得出的震后位移较不考虑的结果小,两种方法计算结果的差异随着土坡整体稳定性的提高而逐渐减小。结合相关文献中土钉支护边坡振动台试验数据,验证了改进方法的合理性。 相似文献