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1.
The mineral composition of the suspended particulate matter (SPM) was studied for the White Sea area. The comparative analysis of the composition of the marine SMP and the SPM of the rivers of the White Sea catchment area was performed, including the Severnaya Dvina River, one of the major sources of the terrigenous suspended matter to the sea. The research of such kind is faced with numerous methodological difficulties, which slows down the study process. Data on the mineral composition of the SPM are scarce. Applying the method of X-ray powder diffractometry, we assessed the bulk mineral composition of the SPM with special regard to its clay fraction. 相似文献
2.
The quantitative distribution and grain-size composition of the suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the marginal filter
of the Severnaya Dvina River during the summer low-water periods of 2001–2005 were first analyzed in seawater on board of
the vessel immediately after its sampling (without preliminary treatment) using a Coulter counter. This analysis revealed
the main regularities in the transformation of the grain-size spectra at successive salinity steps of the marginal filter
as well as the boundaries between these steps based on the data obtained by direct complex studies of the SPM dispersion.
It is established that the water salinity is the main factor that controls the changes in the grain-size distribution and
the composition of the particulate matter in the marginal filter. The concentrations of the pelitic fraction and the salinity
demonstrate negative correlations between each other. It is shown that the areas characterized by the mass development of
phytoplankton are located along the outer boundary of the marginal filter (at the biological step), where the salinity amounts
to 23–24 psu. The content of the suspended forms of some chemical (lithogenic) elements and the Corg indicating the SPM’s genetic composition and their relations with the grain-size composition of the latter and the environments
are studied. 相似文献
3.
Ye. I. Polyakova Ye. A. Novichkova A. P. Lisitzin V. P. Shevchenko M. D. Kravchishina 《Oceanology》2016,56(2):289-300
Diatom algae, aquatic palynomorphs, and the grain-size of surface sediments from bays of the White Sea were investigated in a program dedicated to the study of marginal filters (MF) in the Severnaya Dvina, Onega, and Kem rivers. Three microalgal assemblages are established in surface sediments, which replace each other successively with distance from river mouths and are characterized by a gradual decrease in a share of freshwater species of diatoms and Chlorophyceae algae, significantly varying concentrations of marine diatoms and dinocysts due to changes in water salinity, grain-size composition of sediments, quantitative distribution of suspended particulate matter (SPM), and water productivity at different marginal filter stages. 相似文献
4.
Methane in the water and bottom sediments of the mouth area of the Severnaya Dvina River (White Sea)
The mouth area of the Severnaya Dvina River is characterized by a high level of methane in the water (from 1.0 to 165.4 μl/l)
and in the bottom sediments (from 14 to 65000 μl/kg), being quite comparable to the productive mouth areas of the rivers in
the temperate zone. The maximum methane concentrations in the water and sediments were registered in the delta in the segments
of channels and branches with low rates of tidal and runoff currents to which domestic and industrial wastewaters are supplied.
In the riverine and marine water mixing zone with its upper boundary situated far into the delta and displaced depending on
the phase of the tidal cycle, a decrease of the methane amount with the salinity increase was observed. The prevailing role
in the formation of the methane content level in the water of the mouth area pertains to the bottom sediments, which is testified
to by the close correlation between the gas concentrations in these two media. The existence of periodicity in the variations
of the methane content level in the water of the river downstream caused by the tidal effects was found. 相似文献
5.
The transport pathways of fine sediments (fraction <2 μm) along the Brazilian continental shelf from Ceará to the Amazon River
mouth were studied by means of clay mineral analyses. On the continental shelf southeast of the Amazon mouth, fluctuations
in clay mineral compositions reflect simple mixing between the suspended load of the North Brazil Current and sediment from
several smaller rivers. Previously, clay mineral variations west of the Amazon mouth have been explained by variable settling
velocities of different grain-size classes within the <2 μm fraction or by selective coagulation of individual clay mineral
groups. By contrast, our experiments with river bank samples show that selective coagulation does not occur in Amazon River
sediments. A more appropriate explanation for observed variations in clay mineral composition off the Amazon mouth seems to
be, similarly to that for the shelf between Ceará and the Amazon mouth, a mixing of Amazon sediments with suspended material
of the North Brazil Current. This interpretation is supported by data on clay mineral composition east and south of the Amazon
mouth, showing more affinity to sediments of the North Brazil Current than to the suspended load of the Amazon River. Additionally,
relatively low sedimentation rates and low concentrations of fine-grained sediments on the shelf suggest that high riverine
input by the Amazon River does not overprint the sediments of the North Brazil Current in this region. The strong North Brazil
Current shunts the Amazon suspended load in a north-westerly direction along the north-eastern coast of South America. Hence,
stronger sedimentation of Amazon sediments would occur only west of the river mouth. 相似文献
6.
The spatial distribution of methane in the water and bottom sediments of the mouth area of the Severnaya Dvina River shows quite a similar character during the ice-cover and summer periods. It is characterized by the increase of the gas content from the head of the mouth area towards the delta with maximum values at the sites subjected to permanent anthropogenous impact. The difference consists in the higher level of the methane content in the bottom sediments during the winter period. At the same time, the excess of the winter to summer concentrations in the water was registered only at the stations within the impact area of the sources of anthropogenous contamination. As in the summer, the bottom sediments have a prevailing role in the formation of the level of the methane content in the water of the mouth area. The linear dependence between the concentrations of the total hydrogen sulfide and methane in the surface layer of the riverine sediments is probably caused by the parallel and nonconcurrent proceeding of the generation of these gases, which are controlled by the bacterial communities being not inhibitory to each other. 相似文献
7.
A. V. Maslov V. P. Shevchenko Yu. L. Ronkin O. P. Lepikhina A. N. Novigatsky A. S. Filippov N. V. Shevchenko 《Oceanology》2013,53(6):702-714
The study of the rare-earth element (REE) systematics in the modern bottom sediments of the White Sea and the lower reaches of the Severnaya Dvina River showed that they were derived by the simple mixing of the detrital material from two geochemically contrasting provenances: the Kola-Karelian geoblock almost completely consisting of Archean rocks and the northwestern Mezen syneclise made up of the Upper Vendian, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic rocks. This is best manifested by the changes in ?Nd(0). In terms of the GdN/YbN and Eu/Eu*, most of the studied samples are comparable with the Post-Archean craton complexes, some of which resemble the average composition of the Archean mudstone. Based on the ΣREE and LaN/YbN, the modern bottom sediments are subdivided into two groups: (1) those close to basalts and granites and (2) those approximating common sedimentary rocks. From the lower reaches of the Pinega River to the Tersky coast, the maximal average (La/Yb)RPSC, (Gd/Yb)RPSC, LaN/YbN, and GdN/YbN ratios were determined in the samples taken at the boundary of Dvina Bay with the Basin, i.e., in the sediments with the highest content of the pelitic component. In general, the geochemical composition of the modern bottom sediments of almost the entire White Sea area was defined by input of the eroded products of the mature continental crust with the Severnaya Dvina River, the main river of the region. Such a setting, when the formation of the sediments in a peri- or intracontinental marine basin is controlled by one large river system, presumably may be propagated to the sedimentation in the Laptev Sea, the eastern Kara Sea, the Bay of Bengal, and other basins. 相似文献
8.
水文过程对河流悬移质化学组成的影响——以珠江流域为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）分析了珠江马口站和三水站1997-1998年度3个典型水文时段径流悬移质中部分金属元素的含量，同时用元素分析仪测定了其中的有机碳、氮的含量，结果表明，在不同性质的水文动力条件下，流域侵蚀产出的河流悬移质的化学组成发生了变化，这主要缘于有机质在悬移质中所占质量分数的差别。汛期增强的水文动力主要表现为对流域土壤矿物的优先侵蚀，虽然有机质的总侵蚀量也同时增加，但在悬移质中的质量分数却相对减少，而在枯水期较弱的水文动力条件下，河流悬移质中有机质的质量分数增加，悬移质中的有机质对液相中的部分重金属元素产生较矿物更大的吸附作用。 相似文献
9.
The grain-size of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the Huanghe Estuary and its adjacent sea area was investigated with an in situ laser particle size analyzer (LISST-100) in November 2006.The spatial distribution of the grain-size parameters was very complicated.The results show that (1) the mean particle size of SPM ranged from 3.00Φ to 6.41Φ,with an average value of 4.66Φ;(2) the frequency distribution patterns of the SPM grain-size showed three different types,which were mono-mode,dual-mode and tri-... 相似文献
10.
A. V. Leshchev I. V. Miskevich V. B. Korobov A. S. Lokhov A. L. Chultsova G. D. Khomenko S. K. Belorukov A. E. Yakovlev 《Oceanology》2017,57(2):270-277
The paper considers tidal effects on the formation of the hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics of the mouth of the Northern Dvina River in the presence of ice cover were considered. The results of natural surveys at the river delta and near-mouth area in March 2014 were analyzed. No surveys as such were performed in winter formerly. It was found that short-term variations of flow rates during the winter low-water time might be traced at 85–95 km from the seaward border of the delta. The tidal effects upon the short-term variability of hydrochemical parameters appeared at 70 km from the delta seaward border. The tidal variations of all the considered parameters were most intense in the mixing zone of riverine and marine waters at the delta. 相似文献
11.
Multidimensional statistical analysis was used to study the polychaete distribution in soft-bottoms of two coastal areas of the Tyrrhenian Sea (Italy), which are influenced by the discharges of the rivers Tiber and Ombrone. In both areas the distributional patterns of these organisms are determined mainly by sediment types and related factors such as hydrodynamics, river input, and sedimentation. The grain-size gradient from the coast to the open sea affects not only species composition, but also species richness, diversity and abundance.In both areas three main communities have been identified: a sandy biocoenosis, a mixed-sediment biocoenosis and a muddy biocoenosis. The sandy coastal community is characterized by only a few species, while the intermediate zone of sandy-mud sediments presents the highest species richness and diversity. At the mouth of the River Tiber the influence of the river is more evident than at the mouth of the River Ombrone. This is due to the Tiber's greater river flow, which determines an environmental uniformity and a ‘cenotic continuum’ from sandy to muddy communities. This does not occur at the mouth of the Ombrone, where the river flow is less important and the polychaete communities are better defined. 相似文献
12.
以黄河流域1955~1990年的资料为基础,研究了不同粒径组入海泥沙的变化趋势及其成因以及各粒径组泥沙对三角洲造陆过程的相对贡献率.研究表明,四个粒径组入海泥沙通量都呈减少的趋势,各粒径组入海泥沙通量减少趋势的显著性按由细到粗的顺序递减,即细颗粒泥沙入海通量的减少趋势要比粗泥沙明显.20世纪70年代以来,水土保持面积增大、人类引水增大和年降水量减少是黄河各粒径组入海泥沙通量减小的原因.大规模的水土保持措施实施以后,细泥沙入海通量的减少幅度要大于粗泥沙.多元回归分析结果表明,年降水量变化对小于0.010,0.010~0.025,0.025~0.050及大于0.050 mm四个粒径组泥沙入海通量变化的贡献率分别为58.52%,62.05%,71.16%,83.37%,随粒径的变粗而增大;水土保持措施变化对小于0.010,0.010~0.025,0.025~0.050和大于0.050 mm四个粒径组泥沙入海通量变化的贡献率分别为41.48%,37.95%,28.89%,16.63%,随粒径的变粗而减小.四个粒径组泥沙入海通量与人类净引水量之间的相关系数也按泥沙粒径由细到粗的顺序减小,即人类引水的变化对细泥沙入海通量的影响较大,对粗泥沙入海通量的影响较小.四个粒径组泥沙入海通量与年降水量之间的相关系数按泥沙粒径由细到粗的顺序增大,即年降水的变化对细泥沙入海通量的影响较小,对粗泥沙入海通量的影响较大.建立了黄河三角洲造陆速率与利津站年径流量和小于0.010,0.010~0.025,0.025~0.050及大于0.050 mm四个粒径组的泥沙量之间的多元回归方程.计算结果表明,入海泥沙量和径流量对三角洲造陆速率变化的贡献率接近相等.在四个粒径组中0.010~0.025 mm的泥沙对三角洲造陆速率变化的贡献率最大,0.025~0.050 mm粒径组次之,大于0.050 mm的粒径组再次之,小于0.010 mm的粒径组最小.中等粗细的粒径组对三角洲造陆的贡献率最大. 相似文献
13.
《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,66(1-2):267-279
The composition and behavior of allochthonous particulate organic matter (POM) in the northern part of Ise Bay, Japan were investigated to elucidate the short-term variation in POM accompanying changes in river discharge. The behavior of POM was significantly regulated by hydrographic conditions, but behavior was different in the upper layer versus the middle and lower layers. The former showed simple dynamics controlled by the river plume, while the latter showed complex dynamics because of changes in river discharge and subsequent variation in estuarine circulation. During normal discharge, the contribution of riverine materials to POC in the surface water within the bay was negligible because most riverine organic matter is deposited before flowing into the bay. During high discharge, on the other hand, the contribution of riverine organic matter to total POM increased to 50% at ∼10 km from the river mouth. Though riverine organic matter loads increased, the total amount of POC decreased around the river mouth due to flushing of phytoplankton. After river discharge, the contribution decreased rapidly.The behavior of POM in the middle and lower layers differed from that in the surface layer. At normal discharge, the influence of riverine organic matter was weak. During high discharge, high flooding temporarily weakened the bottom inflow, resulting in heavier riverine organic matter distributed from the river mouth to mid regions within the bay in the lower layer. The maximum contribution of riverine organic matter to total POM was estimated to be ∼60% around 25 km from the river mouth. After high discharge, riverine POM in the lower layer was pushed to the bay head by enhanced estuarine circulation and was uplifted to the middle layer. The behavior of riverine POM dynamically changed in relation to river discharge, and exerted a significant influence on bottom water conditions in the bay. 相似文献
14.
Daily and seasonal dynamics of suspended particles in the Rhône River plume based on remote sensing and field optical measurements 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Satellite ocean colour remote sensing can serve as a powerful tool to assess river plume characteristics because it provides daily mapping of surface suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration at high spatial resolution. This study’s ultimate objective was to better understand daily and seasonal particle dynamics in a coastal area strongly influenced by freshwater discharge and wind—the Rhône River (France), this being the major source of terrestrial input to the Mediterranean Sea. SPM concentrations and biogenic composition (chlorophyll a, organic carbon) were investigated during several bio-optical field campaigns conducted in spring–autumn of 2010 both from aboard a research vessel and by means of an autonomous profiling float. Freshwater discharge and wind velocities varied significantly during the year, associated with marked fluctuations in surface SPM (upper 1 m), even within hours and not restricted to any specific season. Thus, the range was ca. 12–25 g m–3 (dry mass basis) on 9 April (spring), and ca. 3–39 g m–3 on 4–5 November (late autumn). Short-term variations were observed also in SPM composition in terms of POC (albeit not chl a), with POC/SPM ratios ranging between ca. 3 and 11% over ca. 3 weeks in spring. Nevertheless, the particulate backscattering coefficient (b bp) proved to be a robust proxy of SPM concentration in the river plume (b bp(770)?=?0.0076?×?SPM, R2?=?0.80, N?=?56). It has recently been demonstrated that 80% of the Rhône’s terrestrial discharge occurs during flood events. The results of the present study revealed that, under these conditions, SPM is constrained largely within surface waters (i.e. at depths <5 m), with only weak daily vertical variability. By implication, ocean colour satellite data are highly suitable in meaningfully estimating the overall SPM load exported by the Rhône River to the Mediterranean. These findings make a solid contribution to future improvements of three-dimensional sediment transport models for the region and similar settings. 相似文献
15.
任于灿 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1992,12(4):59-68
本文主要根据黄河水利委员会多年固定断面的测量资料和海洋地质研究所1988年两个航次调查结果,结合黄河水沙资料的分析,对水下三角洲的地貌特征、地貌演化及形成机制进行了论述,尤其对三角洲前缘的地貌演化趋势进行了较详细地阐述。 相似文献
16.
A. F. Sazhin F. V. Sapozhnikov T. N. Rat’kova N. D. Romanova V. P. Shevchenko A. S. Filippov 《Oceanology》2011,51(2):295-305
The data on the supra-ice snow, ice, under-ice water, and benthic algal flora obtained in 2007–2008 by sampling in the estuary
of the Severnaya Dvina River are analyzed. The river ice and under-ice water in the estuarine zone and in the channel part
of the Severnaya Dvina differed greatly in the algal flora’s composition. The fresh water species never exceeded 8.6%, while
the ice algae composed 90–96% of the total ice inhabitants’ biomass. In the under-ice water, this value did not exceed 58–64%.
The bacteria in the ice composed not more than 2.5–10% of the total biomass, while, in the under-ice water, 36–49%. The shares
of ciliates (0.04%) and nematodes (0.005–1.6%) in the total biomass were negligible. In the estuarine zone, the ice was inhabited
mainly by nematodes (78% of the total biomass), while, in the river, their share decreased to 9%. The contribution of bacteria
was 15% in Dvina Bay and increased to 61% in the river. The importance of algae in the snow was minor: 7% of the total biomass
in the marine zone and 30% in the river region. High species diversity of the algal flora in the sandy and sandy-silty littoral
grounds was revealed. The values of the total biomass of the bottom algal flora (0.38 g C/m2) were only two to three times lower than the values revealed in similar habitats in the summer. The epipelithic forms (0.15
g C/m2) dominated, being represented by 46 species of algae (49%). The shares of epipsammonic (0.12 g C/m2) and planktonic (0.11 g C/m2) species were almost equal to each other: 25 and 22 species, respectively (27 and 24%). 相似文献
17.
Abdellatif Chaouti Isabella Colombini Mario Fallaci Elena Gagnarli Lorenzo Chelazzi & Abdellatif Bayed 《Marine Ecology》2008,29(S1):99-107
The effects of the freshwater discharge of the Oued Sebou River on the macroinfauna, was studied on the sandy beach of Mehdia through the analysis of the abiotic parameters and of the macrozoobenthos. In autumn 2002 and spring 2003, three beach sites, each with two transects, localized at 50, 3500 and 5720 m from the river mouth respectively, were studied. Positive correlations were recorded for beach slope and pH whereas negative ones were obtained for organic matter content and salinity at increasing distances from the river mouth. Significant differences between beach sites and seasons occurred for median grain size, organic matter content and pH. For each beach site, mean macroinfauna abundance varied between 30 and 100 ind.·m−2 and in spring there was a significant correlation between this parameter and the increasing distance from the river mouth. No significant correlation was instead found between species richness and the increasing distance, although the farthest beach site from the mouth had the highest number of species during both seasons. The results indicated the importance of organic matter content and salinity for the macrofaunal abundance whereas the diversity indices were more affected by beach slope and grain size. The results showed that there was no clear spatial trend in compound indices of the macrofauna across the sampled sites and the influence of the river discharge of Sebou River did not seem to be significant and consistent on the macrobenthos of this mesotidal shore. Comparison with microtidal shores revealed the influence of the tidal excursion and swell characteristics on the response of the benthic structures of sandy beaches to discharges of freshwater. 相似文献
18.
1998年11月长江河口悬浮体粒度特征的空间分布 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用Cilas940L型激光粒度仪对1998年11月取自长江河口的46个悬浮体样品进行了粒度测试分析。结果表明，长江河口悬浮体粒度特征在空间上具有明显的变化。悬浮体粒度的平均粒径、分选系数、偏态和峰态等参数，以及粉砂和粘土级含最在河口区平面和垂向上的分布的变化部较为显著。悬浮体的粒度分布为非正态分布，表层悬浮体为双峰分布模式，底层悬浮体为双峰或三峰分布模式。重点探讨了长江河口悬浮体粒度变化的影响因素中的表层沉积物的再悬浮作用和悬浮细颗粒絮凝这两个主要的因素。对长江河口表层沉积物的再悬浮通量进行了估算，表明，不同区域的再悬浮作用存在较大的差异，拦门沙地区为主要的再悬浮发生区。 相似文献
19.
江苏近岸海域水文气象要素的时空分布特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
2006～2007年在江苏近岸海域进行水文气象要素(气温、湿度、风速风向、波浪、透明度、水色和海水温盐度等)大面观测。数据分析表明,各水文气象要素具有较大的空间分异,四季变化显著。秋季气温明显高于春季,冬季气温较历史数据偏高。整个海域风速较大,风向受季风控制,有效波高与风速之间显著相关。如东附近海域波浪较大,废黄河口波浪较小;春、夏季有效波高较小,而夏、秋季近岸海域波高较小,离岸波高增大。夏季海水透明度最大,平均为2.3m;冬季透明度最小,平均只有0.6m;水色与透明度呈负指数相关。春、秋季水温分布与气温分布基本一致,冬季大致沿等深线分布。射阳河口与长江口为低盐区,辐射沙脊群外缘为高盐区。与20世纪80年代的调查结果相比,出现了一些新特点。这些新的调查成果可为江苏近岸海域的海洋环境保护和可持续发展提供科学依据。 相似文献
20.
长江口及其邻近海域悬浮颗粒物浓度和粒径的时空变化特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
长江口是典型的高浊度河口,长江口及其邻近海域悬浮颗粒物（suspended particulate matter,SPM）浓度跨度大,泥沙过程活跃、复杂。2015年7月9-20日（洪季）和2016年3月7-19日（枯季）,使用OBS和LISST分别测定了该区域99个和89个站位的SPM浊度、光衰减系数、总体积浓度、平均粒径和粒径谱等参数;同时通过现场过滤测定了各站位表、中、底3层的SPM质量浓度以及典型站位SPM中颗粒有机碳（particulate organic carbon,POC）的δ13C、颗粒氮（particulate nitrogen,PN）的δ15N以及POC/PN摩尔比值。结果表明,浊度、光衰减系数、总体积浓度等3个参数均与SPM质量浓度显示出了显著的正相关关系。研究区域SPM平均粒径一般表层大于底层、枯季大于洪季;长江淡水端元输出的SPM粒径枯季也明显大于洪季。具有相似粒径谱特征的SPM可以通过测定δ13C和δ15N值来进一步区分其来源和组成。SPM质量浓度和总体积浓度等参数结合还可以计算SPM有效密度,用以了解研究区域SPM的沉降过程。结果表明两个季节SPM有效密度和粒径之间显示出了显著的负相关关系,说明枯季长江输出的SPM由于粒径大、密度小、沉降速度低,加之强烈的垂直混合和口门拦门沙附近的再悬浮,随着环流可能到达研究区域北部的最东端;而洪季长江输出的SPM由于粒径小、密度大、沉降速度高,在口门附近快速沉降。 相似文献