首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
四溴双酚A对7种海洋微藻的急性毒性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文研究了四溴双酚A(TBBPA)对7种海洋微藻(微拟球藻、塔胞藻、亚心形扁藻、牟氏角毛藻、三角褐指藻、湛江等鞭金藻、等鞭金藻塔溪堤品系)的急性毒性。分析了不同质量浓度TBBPA暴露下7种微藻的相对生长率、抑制率,结果显示,7种海洋微藻对TBBPA的敏感性不同,存在明显的时间—剂量效应。采用概率单位—浓度对数法得到TBBPA对牟氏角毛藻、微拟球藻、等鞭金藻塔溪堤品系、湛江等鞭金藻、塔胞藻的96h半效应浓度分别为2.59、2.64、4.23、4.35和6.71mg·L-1,均属于高毒性。同时发现牟氏角毛藻在2.44mg·L-1的TBBPA作用下96h抑制率为54.72%,微拟球藻在3.456mg·L-1的TBBPA作用下96h抑制率为70.27%,等鞭金藻塔溪堤品系在6mg·L-1的TBBPA作用下96h抑制率为76.64%,湛江等鞭金藻在2.83mg·L-1的TBBPA作用下96h抑制率为39.24%,塔胞藻在9.83mg·L-1的TBBPA作用下96h抑制率为54.21%,三角褐指藻在浓度为9.83mg·L-1的TBBPA作用下96h抑制率为22.84%,亚心形扁藻在浓度14.6mg·L-1的TBBPA作用下96h抑制率仅为14.11%。结果显示,微拟球藻和牟氏角毛藻对TBBPA最敏感,可以作为潜在的生物指示物。  相似文献   

2.
从微藻粒径大小、饵料密度以及营养价值角度,选取牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)、亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)、球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana)分别作为硅藻、绿藻和金藻的代表,开展了不同规格的香港巨牡蛎对3种微藻在同等密度、同等生物量混合条件下的摄食选择性研究。结果显示,香港巨牡蛎在两种不同混合藻条件下对3种不同微藻摄食选择性有显著性差异(P<0.01)。3种藻相同密度混合条件下,大、中、小3种规格香港巨牡蛎更倾向摄食粒径较大的亚心形扁藻,且贝类规格越大选择倾向性越低,摄食选择效率分别为0.32、0.35、0.48,对球等鞭金藻无明显选择性。3种藻等生物量混合条件下,香港巨牡蛎对亚心形扁藻和球等鞭金藻的摄食有选择性,且规格大小对选择效率影响显著(P<0.01),个体越小选择性越强,小规格香港巨牡蛎倾向滤食亚心形扁藻(P<0.01),大、中规格更倾向摄食粒径较小的球等鞭金藻。两种混合条件下,香港巨牡蛎都对牟氏角毛藻都有负的选择效率,而且牟氏角毛藻密度越高负值绝对值越大。微藻的细胞大小、形状、营养价值以及香港巨牡蛎的个体大小都对摄食选择性有着明显的影响,香港巨牡蛎的摄食选择性在现场海区中还明显受到生境及食物条件的限制。  相似文献   

3.
为了探讨对二甲苯和苯乙烯对海洋微藻的毒性效应,本研究以三角褐指藻和亚心形扁藻为材料,分别比较了不同浓度的对二甲苯和苯乙烯胁迫对微藻生长以及叶绿素含量的影响,并计算对二甲苯和苯乙烯对三角褐指藻和亚心形扁藻96hEC50。研究表明,对二甲苯和苯乙烯对三角褐指藻和亚心形扁藻生长的抑制呈显著的剂量-效应关系,对二甲苯和苯乙烯对三角褐指藻96hEC50分别为60.20mg/L和47.82mg/L,对亚心形扁藻的96hEC50值分别为26.49mg/L和85.62mg/L,相比而言,三角褐指藻对苯乙烯敏感,而亚心形扁藻对对二甲苯更为敏感。同时研究还发现,对二甲苯和苯乙烯胁迫下,试验微藻的叶绿素含量均随处理浓度以及处理时间而显著降低。这些结果为评估对二甲苯和苯乙烯对海洋微藻的毒性效应提供了依据。  相似文献   

4.
采取捕食者-猎物间捕食效应研究方法,研究了黑暗条件下缢蛏对牟氏角毛藻、青岛大扁藻的滤食效应。结果表明,缢蛏滤食牟氏角毛藻和青岛大扁藻的功能反应均属Holling-Ⅱ型,拟合的圆盘方程分别为Na=0.981×N0/1 0.00039×N0和Na=0.7949×N0/1 0.00636×N0;缢蛏自身密度对滤食牟氏角毛藻、青岛大扁藻功能反应影响的数学模型分别为E=0.985P-1.0256和E=0.778P-1.1819;缢蛏自身密度与牟氏角毛藻、青岛大扁藻藻浓度间的联合反应方程分别为Na=0.9663XP-0.1819×N0/1 0.00039×N0和Na=0.6182×P-0.1819×N0/1 0.00636XN0分析了缢蛏的滤藻速率、滤藻功能反应类型及滤藻效应特征。  相似文献   

5.
长棘海星[the Crown-of-Thorns Seastar (CoTS);Acanthasterspp.]的暴发严重破坏珊瑚礁生态系统的功能和物种多样性, 其幼虫的存活率是决定成体种群密度的关键因素之一,因此了解长棘海星浮浪幼虫阶段的摄食及营养需求对于长棘海星灾害防控至关重要。本研究选用杜氏盐藻(Dunaliella salina)、牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros meülleri)、亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)和小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)4种微藻喂养长棘海星幼虫,通过测定不同喂养条件下长棘海星幼虫的存活率、体长、体宽和胃面积等参数,结合4种微藻的营养含量,综合分析了不同微藻对长棘海星幼虫生长发育的影响。结果表明,不同的藻类投喂对长棘海星幼虫存活和生长发育产生显著的差异。幼虫生长到第16天时,牟氏角毛藻喂养的幼虫存活率为(7.20±0.01)%,所喂养幼虫的体长(678.83 μm)、体宽(391.04 μm)和胃面积(14 628.14 μm2)均显著高于杜氏盐藻、亚心形扁藻和小球藻喂养的幼虫。藻类生理指标和营养成分分析表明,牟氏角毛藻的蛋白质含量、能量、以及C20系列脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸均高于杜氏盐藻和小球藻,而且其大小可能比较适宜幼虫的捕食。本研究表明特定种类的饵料藻类是决定幼虫发育的关键因素。  相似文献   

6.
香港巨牡蛎对3种浮游植物摄食率和滤清率的研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
本文在室内条件下研究了大、中、小3种规格的香港巨牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)对牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)、亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)、球等鞭藻(Isochrysis galbana)3种浮游植物在同等密度、同等生物量条件下的摄食率和滤清率,探讨了香港巨牡蛎对3种浮游植物的摄食差异及其影响因素。结果表明,在28℃水温条件下,香港巨牡蛎的单位个体滤清率和单位体质量滤清率分别为1.40~8.94 L/(ind·h)和0.86~3.17 L/(g·h),等密度和等生物量浮游植物条件下香港巨牡蛎均表现出单位个体滤清率由高到低依次为:大规格、中规格、小规格;不同规格香港巨牡蛎的单位体质量滤清率相近。相同藻类密度条件下,香港巨牡蛎的单位体质量滤清率由高到低依次为:亚心形扁藻、球等鞭金藻、牟氏角毛藻;相同生物量条件下,香港巨牡蛎对3种浮游植物单位体质量滤清率由高到低依次为:球等鞭金藻、亚心形扁藻、牟氏角毛藻。香港巨牡蛎对不同浮游植物种类和密度的滤清率、摄食率差异主要是受饵料的大小、营养质量和密度等因素影响。  相似文献   

7.
在模拟生态环境条件下研究了铜(Cu2+)、镉(Cd2+)和锌(Zn2+)3种重金属离子对2种海洋饵料微藻(青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandica)和等鞭金藻8701(Isochrysis galbana 8701))的急性毒性效应,分析其对种群增长的影响,并利用透射电镜对微藻亚显微结构的变化进行分析。在实验浓度范围内,2种微藻的种群增长对3种重金属离子的急性胁迫表现出类似的变化趋势,随着胁迫浓度的增加,微藻的相对增长率均呈现出不断下降的趋势;通过比较2种微藻的48hEC50和96h-EC50发现:3种重金属离子的毒性程度为Cu2+Cd2+Zn2+,等鞭金藻8701对重金属胁迫的敏感性高于青岛大扁藻。2种微藻的亚显微结构观察显示,二者的膜结构及细胞核对Cu2+胁迫并不太敏感;与对照组相比等鞭金藻8701的色素体及贮能物质受影响较严重,而青岛大扁藻的叶绿体及淀粉粒受影响较大。  相似文献   

8.
论文以强额孔雀水蚤(Parvocalanus carssirostris)为研究对象,研究了不同培养温度(18℃、22℃、26℃、30℃)、不同种类微藻(球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana)、牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)、青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandica...  相似文献   

9.
杨章武 《台湾海峡》2007,26(4):583-589
本文报道了4种微藻不同浓度对方斑东风螺幼虫生长和变态的影响.结果表明,幼虫对4种微藻都能摄食,当投喂不同浓度的牟氏角毛藻、湛江叉鞭金藻时,摄食角毛藻(20×104cells/cm3)生长最快达77.9μm/d、变态率52.5%;摄食金藻(20×104cells/cm3)变态率最高达59.0%、生长速度70.4μm/d,随金藻浓度的上升,幼虫生长速度和变态率都上升.投喂不同浓度的青岛大扁藻时,最高变态率是24.4%(1×104cells/cm3),最快生长速度是59.3μm/d(7×104cells/cm3),随扁藻浓度的上升,幼虫的生长速度上升而变态率下降.摄食云微型藻幼虫生长缓慢,浮游期全部死亡.幼虫单独摄食角毛藻、金藻和扁藻,其首次出现变态个体的日龄分别是10、11、14d,而完成变态的日龄分别是22~23d、21~23d和26~28d.比较上述4种微藻,角毛藻和金藻是方斑东风螺幼虫的最适饵料,根据大水体人工育苗的具体条件,合适浓度应为角毛藻(5~10)×104cells/cm3,金藻(10~15)×104cells/cm3.而扁藻不宜单独投喂,作为辅助饵料较合适.  相似文献   

10.
对硫磷农药对4种海洋微藻的毒性效应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Stebbing(1982)认为,毒物在低浓度下对微藻有“毒物兴奋效应”或“毒物刺激作用”(Hormesis)。这一“毒物兴奋效应”在其他污染物的实验中也发现过,如石油、锌、镉等在低浓度下对单细胞藻的生长和光合速率均显示促进作用[1]。在前期工作[2~5]的基础上,继续开展对硫磷对海洋微藻的毒性效应,这对进一步阐明有机磷农药对海洋微藻的毒性机制,保护海洋环境有重要意义。1 材料与方法1.1 试验藻种选用青岛海洋大学水产学院藻类实验室提供的4种海洋微藻:亚心形扁藻(Platymonassubcordi-forming)、金藻(Isochrysisgalbana)、盐藻(Dunaliellasp.)…  相似文献   

11.
改性粘土治理赤潮生物的主要原理是絮凝作用,但水体中未被去除的微藻对改性粘土有怎样的生理生化响应尚不清楚。本文以小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)为模式生物,考察了改性粘土絮凝后水体中残余小球藻生理生化性质的变化情况。研究发现,经改性粘土或原土絮凝后,残余小球藻的生长受到了明显抑制,其丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量迅速上升,改性粘土组的MDA含量高于原土组。除了原土组过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性相比对照组没有明显变化外,改性粘土组和原土组超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、CAT、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ascorbate peroxidase,APX)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-PX)等酶活,均呈现先上升后下降、并稳定在较高水平的变化趋势。原土组各酶活普遍低于改性粘土组,但GSH-PX活性则相反。结果表明,改性粘土不仅能高效去除水体中的小球藻,而且能够刺激残余的藻细胞积累较多的O2-·和H2O2,从而对藻细胞造成过氧化伤害,抑制未被去除部分海洋微藻的正常生长。  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

Aquifers occur in basalt deposits infilling valleys in the Western Springs catchment of Auckland City, and they discharge into small streams incised along the edges of major lava flows. Total run‐off from the area is >0.261 m3·s?1. Analyses by standard methods of twelve subsurface and surface waters show that flowing groundwaters have a low level of pollution (dissolved oxygen x = 7.6 mg·l?1, abuminoid nitrogen x = 0.038 mg·l?1, and total solids x = 188 mg·l?1). Surface waters and stagnant groundwater have high, but varying levels of biological activity. Although much of the dissolved solid content of all the waters (e.g., Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, SiO2) is consistent with the chemistry of the rocks of the catchment, particularly the glassy volcanic tuffs, for surface waters various sources of pollution also make significant contributions (e.g., leaking sewers, sewage overflows, combustion of fossil fuels, fertilisers, zoo animals). Apart from its iron level, the moderate volume (~.0.13 m3·s?1) of flowing groundwater is of suitable quality for domestic, industrial and irrigation needs.  相似文献   

13.
微藻处理养殖尾水已成为热点研究方向,有关一定盐度范围内海水养殖尾水的微藻处理研究较少。本试验调配了两种盐度(16和26)的海水养殖尾水,以空白组作对照,设置小球藻(Chlorella salina)初始接种密度梯度(5×105、1×106、2×106和3×106个/mL),研究小球藻对海水养殖尾水中不同形态氮和磷的去除效果。结果表明,小球藻在海水养殖尾水中生长良好,可有效去除尾水中的氮磷营养盐,16盐度组中各初始藻密度组对NH4+、NO3-和总溶解态氮(total dissolved nitrogen,TDN)的去除率分别为85.03%~85.87%、60.87%~63.70%和54.53%~57.64%,组间无显著差异(P>0.05);26盐度组中除5×105组外,其余藻密度组对NH4+、NO3-和TDN的去除率分别为87.23%~88.16%、56.70%~57.79%和53.31%~54.62%,且组间无显著差异(P>0.05),表明小球藻初始接种密度对尾水中氮盐的去除无显著影响。除5×105个/mL组外,16与26盐度组中对TDN的去除率无显著差异,表明盐度变化对氮的去除无影响。随着初始藻密度的升高,16和26处理组对总溶解态磷(total dissolved phosphorus,TDP)的去除率均上升,分别为76.13%~99.53%和63.72%~96.83%,表明藻初始接种密度的升高可促进尾水中磷的去除,且盐度升高没有影响小球藻对磷的去除。本研究获得了不同初始接种密度小球藻对一定盐度范围的海水养殖尾水的吸收利用特点,可为海水养殖尾水的生态化处理提供一定的理论基础。  相似文献   

14.
Growth of Ulva pertusa and eight microalgal species, Heterosigma akashiwo, Skeletonema costatum, Tetraselmis subcordiformis, Nitzschia closterium, Chaetoceros gracile, Chroomonas placoidea 1967, Isochrysis galbana 8701, and Alexandrium tamarense, was examined in a series of batch, semi-continuous and isolated co-cultures (U. pertusa and one microalgal species). The results of the experiments with co-cultures confirmed the secretion of allelopathic substances by U. pertusa. Growth was significantly (p<0.05) suppressed in each of the macroalgal species in batch co-cultures, nutrient replete semi-continuous co-cultures and isolated co-cultures. The percentage growth reduction varied between 42 and 100% in batch co-cultures, between 28 and 100% in semi-continuous co-cultures, and between 21 and 100% in isolated co-cultures. In addition, we examined the potential allelopathic effect of U. pertusa culture filtrate. The Ulva culture filtrate significantly (p<0.01) inhibited the growth of C. placoidea from 2 days after incubation until the end of the experiment, and it exhibited no inhibitory effect on the growth of the other microalgal species. This may suggest that the allelochemicals released from U. pertusa are rapidly degradable.The microalgae tested exhibited different (stimulatory, inhibitory or no) effects on the growth of U. pertusa. U. pertusa grew faster with H. akashiwo (+16%) and S. costatum (+9%), less with T. subcordiformis (−20%), N. closterium (−23%) and C. gracile (−30%), but was not significantly affected by I. galbana, A. tamarense and C. placoidea. The microalgae tested exhibited no clear allelopathic effects on U. pertusa.  相似文献   

15.
以亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)为受试藻种,模拟温升和游离余氯条件,研究浮游植物对核电厂温排水的生态响应。结果表明,春秋季温升对其生长影响较小,而在夏季,其生长受到显著抑制。亚心形扁藻对游离余氯非常敏感,0.1 mg/L游离余氯既能抑制其生长,抑制作用随着游离余氯浓度的升高而增强。温升会加剧游离余氯的抑制作用,4℃温升和0.1 mg/L游离余氯联合作用对亚心形扁藻的抑制效果明显增加。由于温升和游离余氯的联合作用,即使在离排口较远的水域,仍然会导致亚心形扁藻数量减少。  相似文献   

16.
The biomass and productivity of phytoplankton populations inshore on the west coast of South Africa were investigated towards the end of the upwelling season, a period when high-biomass dinoflagellate blooms are common. Productivity was estimated from natural fluorescence measurements (PNF ), using photosynthesis (P) v. irradiance (E) relationships (PE ) and by means of the in situ 14C-method (PC ) A linear regression of PNF productivity against PC and PE productivities yielded a slope of 0.911 and an r 2 of 0.83 (n = 41). Physical and biological variability was high inshore, reflecting alternating periods of upwelling and quiescence. Mean chlorophyll inshore (within a 12 m water column) ranged from 0.7 to 57.8 (mean = 8.9) mg·m&minus3, mean PNF productivity ranged from 8.4 to 51.0 (mean = 24.6) mgC·m?3·h?1 and daily integral PNF productivity from 0.8 to 4.8 (mean = 2.3) gC·m?2·day?l. Transects sampled during active and relaxation phases of upwelling had different chlorophyll distributions. High chlorophyll concentrations (sometimes >50 mg·m?3) were associated with surface blooms within the region of the upwelling front. Estimates of daily water-column PNF productivity within these frontal blooms ranged from 4.0 to 5.6 gC·m?2·day?1. With relaxation of wind stress, blooms dominated by dinoflagellates flooded shorewards and often formed red tides. Chlorophyll concentrations of > 175 mg·m?3 and productivity rates > 500 mgC·m?3·h?1 and 12 gC·m?2·day?1 were measured during a particularly intense red tide. Offshore, the water column was highly stratified with a well-defined subsurface chlorophyll maximum layer within the pycnocline region. Estimates of daily water-column PNF productivity ranged from 2.4 to 4.0 gC·m?2·day?1 offshore. The high productivity of shelf waters on the West Coast in late summer can be ascribed largely to dinoflagellate populations and their success in both upwelling systems and stratified conditions.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract. The biomass of the endolithic algae Ostreobium quekettii Phyllosiphoniaceae living within skeletons of the scleractinans Mycedium elephantotus and Leptoseris fragilis averages 300 μg protein. cm-2. This represents approximately 7% of the protein of the zooxanthekie-containing tissue of M. elephantotus and approximately 38% of that of L. fragilis. Oxygen production Pmaxnet of 0. querkettii in bare skeletons of M. elephantotus averaged 0.7 μg O2.cm-2· h-1 measured in large skeletal fragments. This amount is approximately 6% of the productivity of the zooxanthellae Symbiodinium microadriaticum living in the same scleractinian species at the same depth Pmaxnet 11 μg O2· Cm-2· h-1. Light compensation of O. quekettii - within skeletons - was reached at approximately 10 and saturation at 35 40 μE·m-2· s-1. Algae within the M. elephantotus skeletons receive a maximum of 4–6% of the ambient irradiance, which is approximately 0.9 μE · m-2· s-1 approximately 0.04% surface irradiance at a depth of 88 m. In L. fragilis at a depth of 145 m, the photon flux decreases to 0.3 μE·m-2· s-1, which is less than 0.004% of surface intensity. With increasing depth, the ratio of Chl b to Chl a increased in endolithic algae colonizing L. fragilis, indicating improvement of light harvesting under low light conditions. In free-living O. quekettii cultured at irradiance levels from 0.5–60 μE·m-2· s-1, the concentrations of chlorophylls increased and that of siphonein and β-carotene decreased with decreasing photon flux.  相似文献   

18.
以海洋赤潮藻为材料,从宁波市象山港附近海域采取水样,经反冲超滤法对水样进行浓缩处理后,用其对培养的赤潮藻细胞进行感染,分离到了一株能裂解牟勒氏角毛藻的病毒,经反复的液体感染,建立了稳定的藻病毒-宿主藻系统,命名为牟勒氏角毛藻病毒。该病毒具有很强的感染力,稀释10^8倍以后仍然具有明显的感染效果。病毒纯化后,电镜观察显示...  相似文献   

19.
为研究青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)对重金属Cu~(2+)的蓄积作用及免疫机能的影响,开展了Cu~(2+)对青蛤的急性毒性实验,观察青蛤在96 h Cu~(2+)半致死浓度和安全浓度胁迫下,不同组织的蓄积趋势,及血淋巴液中SOD、CAT和ACP活性的变化。结果显示:Cu~(2+)的半致死浓度为0.807 mg/L,安全浓度为0.00807 mg/L。鳃和内脏团组织中蓄积的Cu~(2+)浓度与处理时间呈正相关;在半致死和安全浓度胁迫下,鳃组织中Cu~(2+)蓄积速度均快于内脏团;在半致死浓度胁迫下血淋巴液中SOD、CAT和ACP活性呈现先诱导再抑制的趋势,安全浓度下无明显变化,但均高于对照组水平。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号