共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 500 毫秒
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GRAPES模式中三维科氏力计算及其效果评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作为一种连续可压缩流体,大气具有分层流体特性,其状态变化可由牛顿第二定律、热力学第一定律、连续方程和理想大气状态方程组成的偏微分方程组描述。为了更加精细地描述GRAPES全球模式的动力过程,使模式大气更接近真实大气,在全球非静力模式GRAPES中考虑三维科氏力作用,通过重新构建半隐式半拉格朗日求解大气动力方程组的亥姆霍兹方程系数,在不改变求解方案的前提下实现对GRAPES模式动力过程的更新。然后采用在静力平衡基础上建立的三维大气理想试验对新的动力过程进行数值试验,检验其计算效果和数值稳定性。结果显示,考虑三维科氏力的模式动力框架计算稳定,提高了三维标量和矢量场的计算精度,在水平1°×1°分辨率模式中,平衡流试验第15天计算结果标量场Π'的l1和l2误差分别为0.00023和0.0004,而三维矢量场 V 的l1和l2误差分别为0.002和0.003,均较原模式误差小一个数量级。在罗斯贝-豪威兹波、地形罗斯贝波和斜压波试验中,新框架均表现出很高的计算稳定性和良好的计算效果。 相似文献
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设计了适用于四维变分同化系统的扰动预报模式GRAPES_PF。根据GRAPES的地形追随坐标非静力原始方程组,采用小扰动分离方法推导微分形式的线性扰动预报方程组,并利用与GRAPES非线性模式相似的数值求解方案求解线性扰动微分方程组。在设计扰动预报模式时采用了两个时间层半隐式半拉格朗日方案对动量方程、热力学方程、水汽方程和连续方程进行时间差分,空间差分方案的变量分布水平方向采用Arakawa C跳点网格,垂直方向采用Charney/Phillips跳层。利用代数消元法进一步推导得到只包含未来时刻扰动Exner气压的亥姆霍兹方程,进而通过广义共轭余差法（GCR）求解,在此基础上得到未来时刻扰动量的预报值。基于所开发的扰动模式开展了数值试验。首先在非线性模式中施加一个中尺度初始扰动高压,得到初始扰动在非线性模式中的后续演变,然后将相同的初始扰动作为扰动模式的初值进行时间积分,将扰动模式预报的结果与非线性模式的结果做了对比。结果表明,所开发的扰动模式GRAPES_PF较好地模拟了惯性重力内波的传播过程:初始高压扰动激发了一个迅速向外传播的惯性重力内波,在气压场向风场适应的过程中,水平风场、垂直运动、位温和湿度等变量均出现了扰动增量,与非线性模式得到的结果相当接近。GRAPES_PF作为GRAPES非线性模式的合理线性模式为建立基于线性扰动预报的区域四维变分同化系统奠定了科学基础。 相似文献
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GRAPES非静力数值预报模式的三维变分资料同化系统的发展 总被引：21，自引：3，他引：18
为了减少分析变量与模式状态变量之间的插值误差,改善业务预报模式的初值质量,在GRAPES等压面三维变分资料同化系统的基础上,研究发展了针对GRAPES区域模式的非静力模式变量三维变分资料同化系统(GRAPES m3DVAR).该资料同化系统的垂直坐标及其分析变量的水平分布格式、垂直跳点方案与GRAPES预报模式保持完全一致.由于垂直坐标的变化和非静力关系,m3DVAR分析系统中设计了求解动力学约束方程的新方案.通过有效的高精度数学方案,避免了地形追随坐标下平衡方程的非线性项造成的复杂计算,有效解决了非静力平衡条件下求解平衡方程中非线性项的切线性方程和伴随方程引起的困难.重新构造各种观测算子,并考虑了质量场和风场之间的平衡约束关系、背景误差协方差结构,实现对探空、地面资料、船舶报等常规观测的同化.理想单点试验和实际资料的多变量资料同化分析结果表明,非静力模式变量三维变分资料同化系统能够正确地描写多变量之间的相互作用以及物理约束关系,分析结果合理,能够有效减少原等压面三维变分资料同化系统的分析与模式变量之间需要相互插值、变换产生的误差,在一定程度上提高了分析场质量,对预报模式的初值具有一定改善. 相似文献
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GRAPES全球格点模式的并行计算负载平衡策略 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着高性能计算机技术的发展和应用,并行计算已成为保证数值天气预报模式业务运行时效的关键技术之一.目前高性能计算机计算能力已达到每秒千万亿次浮点计算.系统中处理器数量也早已达十万甚至更多,如此巨大的计算资源对应用软件系统的设计也提出了挑战.数值天气预报软件系统要充分利用高性能计算机提供的计算资源,必须依靠并行计算方法,这包括适合计算问题的可扩展并行算法的设计、合适的数据分配方案以及良好的任务负载平衡方案.作为中国新一代数值天气预报格点模式,GRAPES(Global and Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System)设计的最终目标是一个科研/业务通用,区域/全球通用模式.作为一个格点模式,GRAPES的并行计算具有与欧洲中期数值顶报研究中心谱模式并行计算不同的特点,GRAPES的并行计算采用了经典的水平网格数据划分.但对于全球的GRAPES模式,由于采用拉格朗日差分方案,模式极地及附近区域格点与格点之间距离的减小.使得模式并行计算在采用简单的经纬网格划分方式实现时,必须考虑极地区域并行计算跨越多个处理器时导致的频繁通讯解决途径.本研究提出了利用消息传递组通讯实现全球格点模式并行计算的一种方法,其核心思想是将极点附近一定区域内的处理器按纬向划归不同的处理器组.文中还给出了该实现方法的任务分配算法,提出了改进的任务分配负载平衡方案.在中国气象局高性能计算机IBM-cluster1600上的测试表明,算法具有较好的可扩展性,其负载平衡方案改善了计算的绝对墙钟时间,使并行计算效率提高10%以上.模式的准业务运行结果表明计算墙钟时间基本可以满足数值预报业务的实时性要求. 相似文献
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为了建立一个应用于区域数值预报的四维变分资料同化（4DVar）系统,在近期开发的扰动预报模式GRAPES_PF基础上,开发完善增量四维变分同化系统框架。该框架中暂不包含物理过程（长短波辐射、边界层过程、对流参数化和云微物理等）。对比业务使用的GRAPES 3DVar系统,增加了温度控制变量。将无量纲Exner气压与流函数的线性风压平衡方程直接在地形追随垂直坐标面上求解,且通过广义共轭余差法（GCR）求解扰动亥姆霍兹（Helmholtz）伴随方程。利用人造“探空”资料对2015年10月台风“彩虹”进行了理想数值试验。试验结果表明,所开发的扰动四维变分同化框架得到了预期的结果,即同化更多资料并反复受到模式约束的四维变分同化系统能有效改善初值质量,进而改善区域数值预报。建立的区域四维变分同化框架合理可行,为进一步发展包含完整物理过程的区域四维变分同化系统奠定了研究基础。 相似文献
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基于切线伴随技术计算GRAPES-Meso模式的奇异向量 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
集合数值天气预报的关键问题就是如何生成有效的初始扰动。奇异向量反映了初始扰动在大气系统相空间中演变发展的最不稳定方向,基于奇异向量产生的集合样本是模拟概率密度函数的最合理方法。以非静力、半隐式半拉格朗日GRAPES-Meso中尺度数值预报模式为基础,采用Lanczos迭代算法,利用GRAPES-Meso的切线伴随模式计算GRAPES奇异向量。为了检验求得的奇异向量的正确性,提出了两种检验奇异向量正确性的方法:一是比较计算的奇异值的一致性;二是依据特征向量在矩阵变换中的方向不变性意义,验证GRAPES奇异向量空间结构的正确性。最后研究了不同的时间间隔对GRAPES奇异向量的影响,结果表明GRAPES奇异向量在36小时的最优时间间隔误差增长速度最快,这表明在非静力、半隐式半拉格朗日格点模式中利用切线伴随技术计算奇异向量是可行的。 相似文献
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GRAPES全球奇异向量方法改进及试验分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于总能量模的奇异向量扰动常用于构造集合预报的初始条件。以建立GRAPES（Global and Regional Assimilation PrEdiction System）全球集合预报系统为目的,基于前期研发的GRAPES全球模式奇异向量方法,在GRAPES全球切线性模式和伴随模式2.0版的框架下,开展了引入线性化边界层方案来改善奇异向量结构,并提高奇异向量计算效率的研究。通过连续试验,从奇异向量的扰动能量结构、扰动能量谱及扰动空间分布等方面,综合分析改进GRAPES全球奇异向量的结构及演变特征。试验结果表明,改进后的GRAPES奇异向量方法有效抑制了之前扰动能量在近地面层不合理的快速增长,同时,奇异向量最优扰动的结构更客观地体现了中高纬度区域大气初始条件中的斜压不稳定扰动及其演变,如在初始时刻奇异向量扰动能量主要位于对流层中层,并呈现出随高度向西倾斜的大气斜压特征;经过线性化演变,扰动能量向较大水平尺度转移,并在垂直结构上表现出向对流层高层上传及向对流层低层下传的特征等。针对GRAPES奇异向量迭代求解中伴随模式计算耗时为主的情况,改进伴随模式中广义共轭余差方案的调用方式,并采用大内存存储法来提高其计算效率,进而将奇异向量总计算时间缩短了25%。总之,改进后的GRAPES奇异向量方法,可应用于构建面向业务应用的GRAPES全球集合预报系统。 相似文献
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Abstract Traditional semi‐implicit formulations of nonhydrostatic compressible models may not be stable in the presence of steep terrain when pressure gradient terms are split and lagged in time. If all pressure gradient terms and the divergence are treated implicitly, the resulting wave equation for the pressure contains off‐diagonal cross‐derivative terms leading to a highly nonsymmetric linear system of equations. In this paper we present a more implicit formulation of the Mesoscale Compressible Community (MC2) model employing a Generalized Minimal Residual (GMRES) Krylov iterative solver and a more efficient semi‐Lagrangian advection scheme. Open boundaries now permit exact upwind interpolation and the ability to reproduce simulations to machine precision is illustrated for one‐way nesting at equivalent resolution. Numerical simulations of hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic mountain waves demonstrate the stability and accuracy of the new adiabatic kernel. The computational efficiency of the model is reported for 1D Jacobi and 3D Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) line relaxation preconditioned implemented with a parallel data transposition strategy. 相似文献
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Hann-Ming H. Juang 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1992,50(1-3):75-88
Summary The set of fully compressible nonhydrostatic equations governing a broad spectrum of atmospheric motion was transformed fromz coordinates to sigma coordinates under a hydrostatic base state. The hydrostatic base state may be either time-independent, such as a hydrostatic balance with-out motion or with motion such as a thermal wind balance, or time-dependent such as might be obtained from the result of integrating a hydrostatic model. The transformed set of equations can be used to predict and study all scales of at mospheric phenomena.The set of perturbation equations was also derived under the same condition. The computational sensitivity in computation of pressure gradient force in sigma coordinate can be improved by computing the pressure gradient interms of perturbations under a certain hydrostatic state.The hydrostatic regional spectral model developed by Juang and Kanamitsu (1991) was modified to be a nonhydrostatic spectral model based on the nonhydrostatic equations in sigma coordinates with time-dependent hydrostatic base states. A semi-implicit time integration scheme was used. Two experiments were performed to test this nonhydrostatic spectral model with acceptable results.With 7 Figures 相似文献
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With the development of numerical weather prediction technology,the traditional global hydrostatic models used in many countries of the world for operational weather forecasting and numerical simulations of general circulation have become more and more unfit for high-impact weather prediction.To address this,it is important to invest in the development of global nonhydrostatic models.Few existing nonhydrostatic global models use consistently the grid finite difference scheme for the primitive equations of dynamical cores,which can subsequently degrade the accuracy of the calculations.A new nonhydrostatic global spectral model,which utilizes the Eulerian spectral method,is developed here from NCAR Community Atmosphere Model 3.0(CAM3.0).Using Janjic's hydrostatic/nonhydrostatic method,a global nonhydrostatic spectral method for the primitive equations has been formulated and developed.In order to retain the integrity of the nonhydrostatic equations,the atmospheric curvature correction and eccentricity correction are considered. In this paper,the Held-Suarez idealized test and an idealized baroclinic wave test are first carried out,which shows that the nonhydrostatic global spectral model has similar climate states to the results of many other global models for long-term idealized integration,as well as better simulation ability for short-term idealized integration.Then,a real case experiment is conducted using the new dynamical core with the full physical parameterizations of subgrid-scale physical processes.The 10-day numerical integration indicates a decrease in systematic error and a better simulation of zonal wind,temperature,and 500-hPa height. 相似文献
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A nonhydrostatic model based on a new approach 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Z. I. Janjic 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2003,82(1-4):271-285
Summary ?The nonhydrostatic Meso model developed at NCEP (Janjic et al, 2001) is based on a new approach. Namely, a hydrostatic NWP
model using mass based vertical coordinate has been extended to include the nonhydrostatic motions. In this way favorable
features of the hydrostatic formulation have been preserved. This procedure did not require any linearization or approximation.
The nonhydrostatic dynamics has been introduced through an add-on module. The nonhydrostatic module can be turned on and off,
so that easy comparison can be made of hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic solutions.
Here, the basic philosophy behind the discretization methods applied in the model, and not covered by Janjic et al (2001),
is discussed, and the latest developments are reviewed. The forecast examples shown indicate that significant differences
between hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic forecasts may develop even at relatively coarse resolution of 8 km. Possible future
developments are considered.
Received May 7, 2001; revised October 15, 2001 相似文献
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An adaptive 2 D nonhydrostatic dynamical core is proposed by using the multi-moment constrained finite-volume(MCV) scheme and the Berger-Oliger adaptive mesh refinement(AMR) algorithm. The MCV scheme takes several pointwise values within each computational cell as the predicted variables to build high-order schemes based on single-cell reconstruction. Two types of moments, such as the volume-integrated average(VIA) and point value(PV), are defined as constraint conditions to derive the updating formulations of the unknowns, and the constraint condition on VIA guarantees the rigorous conservation of the proposed model. In this study, the MCV scheme is implemented on a height-based, terrainfollowing grid with variable resolution to solve the nonhydrostatic governing equations of atmospheric dynamics. The AMR grid of Berger-Oliger consists of several groups of blocks with different resolutions, where the MCV model developed on a fixed structured mesh can be used directly. Numerical formulations are designed to implement the coarsefine interpolation and the flux correction for properly exchanging the solution information among different blocks. Widely used benchmark tests are carried out to evaluate the proposed model. The numerical experiments on uniform and AMR grids indicate that the adaptive model has promising potential for improving computational efficiency without losing accuracy. 相似文献
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建立了一个二维非静力平衡模式，通过坐标变换的方法使得模式低层有较高的分辨率。对重力流的模拟结果显示；本模式模拟出的重力流冷锋主要特征，如抬高的头部、头部较强的上升运动以及等位温线密集带与实际大气观测很一致。此外，模式还成功地模拟出了重力流头部后面底层的高速潜流层。应用模拟结果与理论结果对重力流的移动速度进行了对比分析。当考虑地形时，重力流在山前受阻，其头部比不考虑地形时高，且产生了向上游传播的“涌浪”；重力流过山后其头部降低，位温梯度减弱，头部后面的水平速度减小。此外，还对非静力平衡与静力平衡条件下重力流的差异进行了分析讨论。 相似文献
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A high-resolution, nonhydrostatic, three-dimensional diagnostic PBL model over small-scale concave terrain was established in this paper. A two-dimensional prognostic model was developed based on the diagnostic model. The hydrostatic approximation was abandoned and the simple energy (E-ε) closure scheme was used in both mod-els. Using the two models, characteristics of PBL structure and its evolution were fully studied. The main characteris-tic of the PBL is the circulation, and it fairly affects the distribution of the pollutant in the pit. 相似文献
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Xiaohua Yang 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1993,65(4):401-424
This paper describes a nonhydrostatic and incompressible mesoscale model formulation using a terrain-following coordinate system. A tensor transformation procedure is used to derive a diagnostic equation for the nonhydrostatic pressure field. The model features a simplified second-order turbulence closure scheme. The two-dimensional version of the nonhydrostatic model, as well as the corresponding hydrostatic model, are applied to simulate stably stratified airflow over mesoscale bell-shaped mountain ridges. The results show that the nonhydrostatic model is capable of simulating nonhydrostatic dynamics of mesoscale lee wave systems such as the trapped wave phenomenon. 相似文献