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Geomaterials such as sand and clay are highly heterogeneous multiphase materials. Nonlocality (or a characteristic length scale) in modeling geomaterials based on the continuum theory can be associated with several factors, for instance, the physical interactions of material points within finite distance, the homogenization or smoothing process of material heterogeneity, and the particle or problem size-dependent mechanical behavior (eg, the thickness of shear bands) of geomaterials. In this article, we formulate a nonlocal elastoplastic constitutive model for geomaterials by adapting a local elastoplastic model for geomaterials at a constant suction through the constitutive correspondence principle of the state-based peridynamics theory. We numerically implement this nonlocal constitutive model via the classical return-mapping algorithm of computational plasticity. We first conduct a one-dimensional compression test of a soil sample at a constant suction through the numerical model with three different values of the nonlocal variable (horizon) δ. We then present a strain localization analysis of a soil sample under the constant suction and plane strain conditions with different nonlocal variables. The numerical results show that the proposed nonlocal model can be used to simulate the inception and propagation of shear banding as well as to capture the thickness of shear bands in geomaterials at a constant suction. 相似文献
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宜昌-巴东段高速公路修建中形成了大量的路堑边坡,上覆为巴东组红层残坡积红土。降雨条件下,土体强度急剧下降,导致大量路堑边坡失稳。目前针对巴东组残坡积红土强度与变形特性开展非饱和试验的研究较少,为探索基质吸力对红土强度的影响,对红土进行了土水特征曲线、三轴强度试验,采用GDS三轴系统对红土进行了饱和及非饱和剪切试验,非饱和三轴试验采用了常含水量试验方法。结果表明:基质吸力对巴东红土强度影响很大。土体强度随吸力增大而呈非线性增长; 而基质吸力随着含水量增大而减小,即巴东组非饱和红土强度特性随土体含水量增大而变差。最后拟合出巴东非饱和红土的经验抗剪强度公式。研究成果对该区域工程实践具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
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针对非饱和重塑黏土,利用改进的非饱和土静力-动力液压三轴-扭转多功能剪切仪,在固结排水（CD）条件下进行了应力控制式分级加载的循环三轴试验,通过对试验结果的对比分析,探讨了初始固结压力和基质吸力(孔隙气压力Ua与孔隙水压力Uw之差)对非饱和土动应力-动应变关系特性的影响。以此为基础,将Hardin-Drnerich等价黏弹性模型和Masing加卸载准则进行了改进,并得到了可以考虑基质吸力的非饱和黏土的等价黏弹性模型。进而对试验数据与模型预测结果进行比较,结果表明这种改进的非饱和土等价黏弹性模型能较好预测各种基质吸力下非饱和土的动应力-动应变关系。 相似文献
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For the assessment of shallow landslides triggered by rainfall, the physically based model coupling the infinite slope stability
analysis with the hydrological modeling in nearly saturated soil has commonly been used due to its simplicity. However, in
that model the rainfall infiltration in unsaturated soil could not be reliably simulated because a linear diffusion-type Richards’
equation rather than the complete Richards’ equation was used. In addition, the effect of matric suction on the shear strength
of soil was not actually considered. Therefore, except the shallow landslide in saturated soil due to groundwater table rise,
the shallow landslide induced by the loss in unsaturated shear strength due to the dissipation of matric suction could not
be reliably assessed. In this study, a physically based model capable of assessing shallow landslides in variably saturated
soils is developed by adopting the complete Richards’ equation with the effect of slope angle in the rainfall infiltration
modeling and using the extended Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion to describe the unsaturated shear strength in the soil failure
modeling. The influence of rainfall intensity and duration on shallow landslide is investigated using the developed model.
The result shows that the rainfall intensity and duration seem to have similar influence on shallow landslides respectively
triggered by the increase of positive pore water pressure in saturated soil and induced by the dissipation of matric suction
in unsaturated soil. The rainfall duration threshold decreases with the increase in rainfall intensity, but remains constant
for large rainfall intensity. 相似文献
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A constitutive model based on the disturbed state concept is presented to describe the behavior of interfaces in unsaturated soil. The model is an extension of an existing model developed for a sand–steel interface. As opposed to the original model, the modified model incorporates two independent stress variables, which are the net normal stress and matric suction. The saturated and dry state of the interface can be modeled as a special case using the constitutive model presented in this paper. The modified model is capable of capturing the main features of unsaturated interfaces observed during laboratory testing, including increasing shear strength and strain softening with increasing suction and net normal stress and increasing dilatancy with increasing suction. Laboratory tests were carried out on unsaturated interfaces in a modified direct shear test apparatus. The observed behavior of interfaces between unsaturated soil and steel plates (rough and smooth) is presented in comparison with model predictions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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A computational framework is presented for dynamic strain localization and deformation analyses of water‐saturated clay by using a cyclic elasto‐viscoplastic constitutive model. In the model, the nonlinear kinematic hardening rule and softening due to the structural degradation of soil particles are considered. In order to appropriately simulate the large deformation phenomenon in strain localization analysis, the dynamic finite element formulation for a two‐phase mixture is derived in the updated Lagrangian framework. The shear band development is shown through the distributions of viscoplastic shear strain, the axial strain, the mean effective stress, and the pore water pressure in a normally consolidated clay specimen. From the local stress–strain relations, more brittleness is found inside the shear bands than outside of them. The effects of partially drained conditions and mesh‐size dependency on the shear banding are also investigated. The effect of a partially drained boundary is found to be insignificant on the dynamic shear band propagation because of the rapid rate of applied loading and low permeability of the clay. Using the finer mesh results in slightly narrower shear bands; nonetheless, the results manifest convergency through the mesh refinement in terms of the overall shape of shear banding and stress–strain relations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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非饱和土中土-水之间的相互作用可区分为毛细作用和吸附作用,已有的非饱和土力学特性的研究大都局限于较低吸力、毛细作用占优范围。实践中由于环境的变化,地表土体常经历干湿循环及处在低含水率、高吸力状态,此时吸附作用占优。针对高岭土-河砂配制的非膨胀性黏性土,采用饱和盐溶液蒸汽平衡法,从脱湿和吸湿两种吸力路径下对土体施加高吸力。测试了高吸力下土体的强度和变形特性,试验中选用了0（接近无侧限）、25、50、100 kPa共4组小围压。试验结果表明,高吸力下土体表现为应变软化型破坏和剪胀性。随着围压的施加,土体从沿纵向开裂的张裂破坏过渡为剪切破坏。验证了修正后的Bishop非饱和土强度公式不适用于描述高吸力时峰值抗剪强度的变化,得到了高吸力下峰值抗剪强度可用相对于净应力的临界状态强度和剪胀作用来表示。分析发现,高吸力时土体的抗剪强度和比表面积直接相关,吸力对土体抗剪强度的作用取决于土体集聚体组构的形成和发展程度及其导致的剪胀作用。 相似文献
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强度特性是非饱和土力学中基础性的研究内容。目前对广吸力范围内非饱和黏土强度的预测研究相对较少。本文首先基于文献中粉质黏土、Madrid黏土和南阳弱膨胀土的非饱和强度特性进行了对比与分析。将不同类型非饱和黏土的强度特性大致分为3种类型:（1）在某一吸力范围试样出现强度峰值,并随着吸力值的进一步增大而降低;（2）达到某一吸力值后其强度几乎维持不变,不受吸力值的影响;（3）其强度随着吸力值的增大而增大。此外,基于现有考虑吸附水膜和毛细水作用的方法拟合广吸力范围内不同类型土的土水特征曲线,并将土水特征曲线分离成吸附土水特征曲线和毛细土水特征曲线。在非饱和土的抗剪强度公式中,认为吸力引起的非饱和强度增强部分主要由毛细水作用决定的,故将非饱和抗剪强度公式中吸力引起非饱和增强项的有效应力系数（即饱和度或有效饱和度）用毛细水对应的饱和度替代。最后,利用修正后的非饱和抗剪强度公式对3种较广吸力范围内非饱和土的强度进行了预测。预测结果表明过渡区段内的强度预测效果较好,但高吸力段非饱和强度的预测还有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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原状非饱和黄土的三轴试验研究 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
利用特制的非饱和土三轴仪器,对不同含水量条件下原状非饱和黄土的强度和土-水特征曲线进行了试验研究。试验结果表明：非饱和黄土的抗剪强度随着含水量的不同而不同,含水量越大,非饱和黄土的基质吸力就越小,抗剪强度亦越小。含水量趋于饱和时,非饱和黄土的抗剪强度值逐渐接近于饱和黄土的强度值。原状非饱和黄土的抗剪强度均高于饱和黄土的抗剪强度。非饱和黄土的内摩擦角受含水量的影响不大。凝聚力受含水量的影响很大,含水率越大,基质吸力越小,总凝聚力越小。根据实验结果,提出了非饱和土的抗剪强度模型,该模型易于确定,与实测基本吻合,误差较小,满足非饱和黄土的强度计算要求。 相似文献
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考虑饱和-非饱和渗流的土坡极限分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
给出了均质土坝的下游坝坡的安全系数的计算方法。均质土坝的下游坝坡有可能会通过滑裂面发生破坏。土坝中的土坡通常处于非饱和状态。非饱和土坡的安全系数计算需要考虑吸力对抗剪强度的贡献以及土坡中的非饱和渗流。给出处于饱和-非饱和渗流状态下的土坡的安全系数,有助于评价均质土坝的安全系数。下游坝坡的安全系数计算方法有：极限平衡法、上限解法和下限解法,该算法适用于非饱和土坡,且是在饱和土坡安全系数的计算方法上修正得到的。算例中非饱和土坡安全系数的计算考虑了吸力对抗剪强度的贡献。考虑非饱和渗流理论的土坡安全系数计算方法通常更加接近现场实际情况,并且对于同一坝坡,考虑非饱和渗流计算出的土坡安全系数要比饱和渗流理论计算出的安全系数大。 相似文献
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吸力是非饱和土研究的重点也是其难点。重点在于自然界中诸多物理现象可以用吸力去解释，难点在于非饱和土吸力的量化测试技术现在还不成熟。非饱和土作为地球表层广泛存在的三相组合材料，其力学性质远远比饱和土复杂，归根结底在于土中水气界面形成的弯液面收缩膜，导致了土体孔隙产生吸力。非饱和土体的强度变形特征就是其内部吸力不断变化的宏观表现形式，其宏观物理力学性质与吸力之间存在一个桥梁——微观结构。对非饱和土微观结构和吸力理论、试验研究的整体把握是完善土力学的一个重要方法。开展对非饱和土液桥动态结构演化及吸力力链分布特性的研究，是全面了解非饱和土力学性能的重要基础之一，也是深入把握和量化非饱和土吸力的重要手段。 相似文献
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Mahnoosh Biglari Claudio Mancuso Anna d’Onofrio Mohammad Kazem Jafari Ali Shafiee 《Computers and Geotechnics》2011
Existing models for predicting the small strain behaviour of unsaturated soil are not capable of predicting the initial shear stiffness during suction reduction under normally consolidated conditions. This problem has been addressed in the present study by combining an existing elastoplastic model and recent experimental data to provide a new model for the initial shear stiffness. The model, which is similar to that typically adopted for saturated soils, uses the average skeleton stress and an additional function of the degree of saturation. This new model not only captures the behaviour of the new experimental results, but it also describes a unique relationship between saturated and unsaturated soils. 相似文献
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非饱和渗流基质吸力对边坡稳定性的影响 总被引：41，自引：4，他引：41
降雨入渗是致使边坡岩土体稳定性下降并最终导致崩滑地质灾害发生最为常见的环境因素。通常对边坡中地下水的影响分析采用的是经典的静水压力假定 ,并考虑适当的折减系数。本文研究了非饱和土强度随基质吸力变化的规律 ,对基质吸力影响边坡稳定性的机制进行探讨 ,并提出了相应的分析方法。运用上述方法分析了某露天矿边坡实例。结果表明 ,该方法十分有效。 相似文献
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The paper presents a strainhardening constitutive model for unsaturated soil behaviour based on energy conjugated stress variables in the framework of superposed continua. The proposed constitutive law deals with hydro‐mechanical coupling phenomena. The main purpose is to develop within a consistent framework a model that can deal with possible mechanical instabilities occurring in partially saturated materials. The loss of capillary effects during wetting processes can, in fact, play a central role in unstable processes. Therefore, it will be shown that the bonding effects due to surface tensions can be described in a mathematical framework similar to that employed for bonded geomaterials to model weathering or diagenesis effects, either mechanically or chemically induced. The results of several simulations of common laboratory tests on partially saturated soil specimens are shown. The calculated behaviour appears to be in good qualitative agreement with that observed in the laboratory. In particular it is shown that volumetric collapse phenomena due to hydraulic debonding effects can be successfully described by the model. Finally, it will be highlighted the ability of the model to naturally capture the transition to a fully saturated condition and to deal with possible mechanical instabilities in the unsaturated regime. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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非饱和黄土强度特性的常规三轴试验研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以马兰黄土为例 ,对非饱和黄土的强度特性进行了常规三轴试验研究 ,根据试验结果 ,提出了非饱和黄土的吸力强度与饱和度之间的非线性关系表达式 ,并证实了非饱和黄土抗剪强度与含水量之间存在指数函数关系。 相似文献
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对经历较广吸力范围内不同吸力历史的非饱和弱膨胀土进行了一系列吸力控制的三轴剪切试验。关于最大吸力的施加,高吸力采用蒸汽平衡法;较低吸力采用轴平移技术。试验结果表明：在净应力和吸力相同条件下,经过湿化试样的应力-应变关系曲线升高、剪缩体变小;经过高吸力试样的应力-应变关系曲线也升高、剪缩体变小,随着经历过最大吸力的增加其应力比-应变关系、体变表现出的超固结土特性明显。其主要原因是前期试样受过较大的吸力,相当于受过较大前期固结压力,同时弱膨胀土失水收缩性明显,经过较大吸力后试样孔隙比明显减小,使试样剪切过程中表现出超固结黏土的特性。因此,讨论非饱和弱膨胀性土的应力-应变关系和强度时需考虑吸力历史引起的体积收缩影响。 相似文献
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为探究了解桂林重塑红黏土抗剪强度特性,利用三轴试验研究饱和及未饱和重塑红黏土的干密度、含水率对土体抗剪强度的影响。试验结果表明:相同最优含水率下的饱和重塑红黏土的黏聚力与干密度的二次多项式拟合曲线呈凹状,未饱和土的黏聚力与干密度的二次多项式拟合曲线呈凸状,两者黏聚力曲线在1.41 g ·cm-3附近两者差值最大;饱和重塑红黏土的内摩擦角与干密度的二次多项式拟合曲线呈凹状,未饱和土的内摩擦角与干密度的二次多项式拟合曲线呈凸状,两者在干密度为1.35 g ·cm-3附近差值最大;未饱和重塑红黏土的含水率对抗剪强度参数影响显著。 相似文献