共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 596 毫秒
1.
Breakage of particles will have greatly influence on mechanical behavior of granular material(GM)under external loads,such as ballast,rockfill and sand.The discrete element method(DEM)is one of the most popular methods for simulating GM as each particle is represented on its own.To study breakage mechanism of particle breakage,a cohesive contact mode is developed based on the GPU accelerated DEM code-Blaze-DEM.A database of the 3D geometry model of rock blocks is established based on the 3D scanning method.And an agglomerate describing the rock block with a series of non-overlapping spherical particles is used to build the DEM numerical model of a railway ballast sample,which is used to the DEM oedometric test to study the particles’breakage characteristics of the sample under external load.Furthermore,to obtain the meso-mechanical parameters used in DEM,a black-analysis method is used based on the laboratory tests of the rock sample.Based on the DEM numerical tests,the particle breakage process and mechanisms of the railway ballast are studied.All results show that the developed code can better used for large scale simulation of the particle breakage analysis of granular material. 相似文献
2.
The post-construction settlement of rockfill dams and high filled ground of airport, which is a phenomenon of much significance, is mainly caused by the time-dependent breakage of the rockfill material. In this paper, a random virtual crack DEM model is proposed for creep behavior of rockfill in PFC2D according to the theory of subcritical crack propagation induced by stress corrosion mechanisms. The bonded clusters are adopted to represent the rockfill particles so as to simulate their irregular shapes. Virtual cracks are set at the bonds of the clusters, and the length of the crack is considered as a random value, which leads the crushing strength of a single particle to follow the Weibull’s statistical model and the corresponding size rules. Oedometric creep tests for rockfill are simulated by using this proposed model. The results show that the model, validated preliminarily by some test data, can reflect qualitatively the creep mechanism as well as the size effects reasonably. Particles can develop various breakage patterns during creep, including global breakage, local breakage and even complex mixed breakage. The increase in stress levels and particle size will lead to an obvious growth of the creep strain and creep rate of the rockfill. The scale effects on the creep behavior of rockfill are analyzed through 35 specimens, and formulas including the effects of scales and stress levels are tentatively proposed. 相似文献
3.
Microscopic modelling of the hydraulic fracturing process 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
A microscopic perspective is introduced in this study which offers a detailed insight at the inter-particle level to the geo-mechanical responses caused by fluid injection and the resulting pressure build-up. This was achieved by employing the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to model the pressure development and the subsequent fracturing and/or cavity propagation. This technique represents the formation material as an assembly of discrete particles linked to each other through contacts. Numerical experiments were carried out on two sample materials. For the first instance, tests were carried out on a bulk material, representative of a generic intact rock, with the breakage of inter-particle bonds indicating the formation of cracks. The second series of tests was carried out on granular type materials such as sand, where particle separation signified cavity initiation and separation. It was observed from the DEM modelling results that the intact rock material showed a predominance of mode II fracturing at high fluid velocities. However, when the fluid velocity is reduced considerably the fracturing behaviour tended towards more of mode I. Also, records of the pressure development were taken from the numerical results and were used to monitor the fracturing events. The outcome of this study highlights important aspects of the hydraulic fracturing process especially at the particle–particle scale, and thus provides a strong basis for more exhaustive studies involving larger scale reservoir modelling and more complex fracturing scenarios. 相似文献
4.
The paper reports the results of suction-controlled triaxial tests performed on compacted samples of two well-graded granular materials in the range of coarse sand–medium gravel particle sizes: a quartzitic slate and a hard limestone. The evolution of grain size distributions is discussed. Dilatancy rules were investigated. Dilatancy could be described in terms of stress ratio, plastic work input and average confining stress. The shape of the yield locus in a triaxial plane was established by different experimental techniques. Yielding loci in both types of lithology is well represented by approximate elliptic shapes whose major axis follows approximately the K0 line. Relative humidity was found to affect in a significant way the evolution of grain size distribution, the deviatoric stress–strain response and the dilatancy rules. 相似文献
5.
A contact model for rock is established and imbedded into a DEM software by summarizing the bond granule tests. DEM simulation of uniaxial compression test on the pre-cracked Lac du Bonnet granite is performed, and then stress distributions are further analyzed and compared with the theoretical results. Different fracture criteria are employed to predict the crack initiation angles that are compared with theoretical ones. The results show that the failure modes obtained from DEM simulation are similar to experimental results, and stress distributions in DEM simulation are qualitatively similar to theoretical values. When the angle of pre-crack is small, the lateral stresses are compressive and tensile. The compressive strains concentrate at two edges, resulting in the tensile strains in the up-and downward cracks. When the angle of the pre-crack is large enough, the stress concentration is unobvious, leading to a discrepancy between the DEM and theoretical results. The crack extension angle resulting from uniaxial compression measured from DEM tests are in good agreement with those acquired from experimental tests. These angles are consistent with theoretical predictions by the maximum circumferential stress criterion and the maximum energy release rate criterion. 相似文献
6.
将由室内试验总结得到的岩石微观胶结模型嵌入离散元软件,对Lac du Bonnet花岗岩石进行预制单裂隙单轴压缩试验DEM数值模拟,分析了压缩过程中裂隙试样中应力的分布,并与理论计算结果进行对比分析,同时对各种断裂判据中裂纹起裂角的预测值进行了适用性的对比分析。结果表明,离散元模拟试样破坏形态与试验结果相近;离散元分析得到的应力分布与理论解在定性上相似;当预制角度较小时,侧向应力都处于拉压状态;由于裂隙左右两端压应变的集中造成了裂隙上下面拉应变的产生,造成了裂隙周围特殊的应力分布;当裂隙角度较大时,应力集中现象已不明显,因而,理论值与试验值有偏差;在断裂判据中最大周应力准则和最大能量释放率准则得到的裂纹扩展角与室内试验与DEM结果中的数值较为吻合。 相似文献
7.
大位移剪切下钙质砂破碎演化特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了揭示钙质砂在大位移剪切作用下的破碎及形状演化规律,对南海钙质砂进行了系列不同剪切位移下的环剪试验。首先,利用筛分和激光粒度分析获取试验后的颗粒粒径分布,分析颗粒分布变化情况;其次,通过粒径分布对破碎进行定量分析;最后,运用图像处理技术计算颗粒圆度和扁平度,分析了颗粒形状的变化情况。试验结果表明,在不同的竖向压力下,颗粒会达到不同的稳定级配,但达到稳定所需的剪切位移相同;经历大位移剪切后,出现粒径为0.01～0.075 mm钙质砂破碎严重的现象;随剪切位移的增加,颗粒的圆度和扁平度减小。针对细小颗粒破碎严重的现象,修正了相对破碎率;修正后的相对破碎率能考虑粒径为0.01～0.075 mm颗粒发生的破碎。剪切后的钙质砂颗粒更为规则,整体轮廓趋于圆形、表面更光滑。 相似文献
8.
天然沉积砂土力学特性受各向异性及结构性影响明显,实际工程中不能忽视。为探究二者的影响,首先在二维离散元程序NS2D中采用椭圆颗粒模拟了重力场中颗粒长轴主方向为水平的各向异性净砂样,随后基于结构性砂土胶结厚度分布规律及室内试验提出了一个新的微观胶结接触模型并将其引入各向异性净砂样以模拟天然各向异性结构性砂土,最后对该离散元试样进行了双轴试验模拟,将模拟结果与室内试验结果对比以验证该模型的适用性,并对其微观力学特性变化进行研 究。分析结果表明,随着剪切进行,各向异性结构性砂土呈明显应变软化及剪胀现象;胶结接触逐渐减少,且主方向始终为竖向方向;胶结破坏速率及胶结破坏率变化情况与宏观力学响应较一致,且胶结物多为拉剪破坏;土颗粒排列主方向始终为水平向,且水平向排列颗粒所占比例略微增大。 相似文献
9.
It is well known that the compressibility of crushable granular materials increases with the moisture content,due to the decrease of particle strength in a humid environment.An existing approach to take into account the effect of grain breakage in constitutive modeling consists in linking the evolution of the grain size distribution to the plastic work.But how the material humidity can affect this relationship is not clear,and experimental evidence is quite scarce.Based on compression tests on dry and saturated crushable sand recently reported by the present authors,a new non-linear relationship is proposed between the amount of particle breakage and the plastic work.The expression contains two parameters:(1)a material constant dependent on the grain characteristics and(2)a constant depending on the wetting condition(in this study,dry or saturated).A key finding is that the relationship does not depend on the stress path and,for a given wetting condition,only one set of parameters is necessary to reproduce the results of isotropic,oedometric,and triaxial compression tests.The relationship has been introduced into an elastoplastic constitutive model based on the critical state concept with a double yield surface for plastic sliding and compression.The breakage ratio is introduced into the expression of the elastic stiffness,the critical state line and the hardening compression pressure.Incremental stress-strain computations with the model allow the plastic work to be calculated and,therefore,the evolution of particle crushing can be predicted through the proposed non-linear relationship and reintroduced into the constitutive equations.Accurate predictions of the experimental results in terms of both stress-strain relationships and breakage ratio were obtained. 相似文献
10.
针对取自我国南部某海域的钙质砂样本,做了以下两方面工作：一是通过电子显微镜获取了钙质砂颗粒的几何投影图像,利用图像处理技术对图形进行黑白二值化处理,获取单元颗粒形状轮廓边界,使用圆度和粗糙度2个参数对钙质砂的颗粒形状进行定义和量化。二是通过不同围压下的三轴固结排水剪切试验及试验前后的颗分测量对比,研究了颗粒破碎对钙质砂的变形、强度、能量耗散等特性的影响。研究表明,大粒径钙质砂（粒径大于2.0 mm）和小粒径钙质砂（粒径小于0.5 mm）形态比较接近圆形、颗粒表面相对光滑;相比而言,中间粒径（粒径介于0.5～2.0 mm之间）钙质砂形状较不规则,表面棱角较多。钙质砂在三轴排水剪切过程中发生颗粒破碎,试样向着级配均匀的方向发展。随着初始围压的增大,颗粒破碎程度加大,土样整体剪胀趋势减小,而破碎引起的能量耗散增加。而在高围压（初始围压为600 kPa）剪切过程中,仅考虑摩擦耗散,以及同时考虑摩擦、体积耗散两种情况下,计算得到的最大颗粒破碎耗散分别可达土样总输入塑性功的25%和18%。 相似文献
11.
A relationship between tensile strength and loading stress governing the onset of mode I crack propagation obtained via numerical investigations using a bonded particle model 
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下载免费PDF全文 Numerical models based on the discrete element method are used to study the fracturing process in brittle rock‐like materials under direct and indirect tension. The results demonstrate the capacity of the model to capture the essential characteristics of fracture including the onset of crack propagation, stable and unstable crack growth, arrest and reinitiation of fracturing, and crack branching. Simulations of Brazilian indirect tension tests serve to calibrate the numerical model, relating macroscopic tensile strength of specimens to their micromechanical breakage parameters. A second suite of simulations reveals a linear relationship between the tensile strength of specimens and the loading stress for which mode I tensile crack propagation ensues. Based on these results, a crack initiation criterion for brittle materials is proposed, prescribing the stressing conditions required to induce tensile failure. Such a criterion, if broadly applicable, provides a practical means to rapidly assess the failure potential of brittle materials under tensile loads. 相似文献
12.
利用南海钙质砂和阿拉伯湾钙质砂,进行侧限压缩试验,对其压缩特性进行分析,得到了相应的压缩指数;采用相对破碎率为度量指标,评价了钙质砂在压缩试验过程中的颗粒破碎情况。同时根据试验数据得到了不同初始相对密实度的砂样的塑性功,通过建立塑性功与相对破碎率以及塑性功与压缩指数之间的关系,探讨了颗粒破碎对钙质砂压缩特性的影响。研究显示,在本次试验条件下,颗粒破碎是导致钙质砂压缩变形的主要因素,钙质砂的中值粒径以及碳酸钙含量等因素对其颗粒破碎程度有明显影响;钙质砂的相对破碎率与其输入的塑性功有关,并且受到初始相对密实度的影响,采用相对密实度进行归一化后,两者呈现较好的幂函数关系;通过建立钙质砂压缩指数与塑性功之间的关系,进一步建立了钙质砂的压缩指数与相对破碎率之间的关系,经相对密实度归一化后,两者也呈现幂函数规律,此规律可以用于评价颗粒破碎对钙质砂压缩特性的影响。 相似文献
13.
An elastoplastic constitutive model for frozen saline coarse sandy soil undergoing particle breakage
The mechanical property of frozen saline sandy soil is complicated due to its complex components and sensitivity to salt content and confining pressure. Thus, a series of triaxial compression tests were carried out on sandy samples with different Na2SO4 contents under different confining pressures to explore the effects of particle breakage, pressure melting, shear dilation and strain softening or hardening. The test results indicate that the stress–strain curves exhibit strain softening/hardening phenomena when the confining pressures are below or above 6 MPa, respectively. A shear dilation phenomenon was observed in the loading process. With increasing confining pressure, the strength firstly increases and then decreases. By taking into consideration the changes between the grain size distributions before and after triaxial compression tests, a failure strength line incorporating the influences of both particle breakage and pressure melting is proposed. In order to describe the deformation characteristics of frozen saline sandy soil, an elastoplastic incremental constitutive model is established based on the test results. The proposed model considers the plastic compressive, plastic shear and breakage mechanisms by adopting the non-associated flow rule. The breakage mechanism can be reflected by an index related to the initial, current and ultimate grain size distributions. The hardening parameters corresponding to compressive and shear mechanisms consider the influence of particle breakage. Then the effect of particle breakage on both the stress–strain and volumetric strain curves is analyzed. The calculated results fit well with the test results, indicating that the developed constitutive model can well describe the mechanical and deformation features of frozen saline sandy soil under various stress levels and stress paths. In addition, the strain softening/hardening, contraction, high dilation and particle breakage can be well captured.
相似文献14.
The failure process of brittle rock submitted to a compression state of stress with different confining pressures is investigated in this paper based on discrete element method (DEM) simulations. In the DEM model, the rock sample is represented by bonding rigid particles at their contact points. The numerical model is first calibrated by comparing the macroscopic response with the macroscopic response of Beishan granite obtained from laboratory tests. After the validation of numerical model in terms of macroscopic responses, the failure process of the DEM model under unconfined and confined compression is studied in micro‐scale in detail. The contact force network and its relation to the development of micro‐cracks and evolution of major fractures are studied. Confining pressure will prohibit the development of tensile cracks and hence alter the failure patterns. An in‐depth analysis of micro‐scale response is carried out, including the orientation distribution and probability density of stress acting on parallel bonds, the effect of particle size heterogeneity on bond breakage and the evolution of fabric tensor and coordination number of parallel bond. The proposed micromechanical analysis will allow us to extract innovative features emerged from the stresses and crack evolution in brittle rock failure process. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(2):171-174
This paper presents the results from discrete element modelling (DEM) of an idealised (sand) asphalt mixture under constant strain rate (velocity) compressive loading using the Burgers viscoelastic model. Using dimensional analysis it is shown that the effect of scaling applied velocity is the same as that of scaling both viscosities in the Burgers model by the same factor. This has been shown to be the case for a bonded aggregate, and it also has been shown to be applicable even when bond breakage occurs within the sample. This scaling method will be of great benefit in modelling tests on asphalt under different constant strain rates, simply by scaling both viscosities to minimise computational time. 相似文献
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珊瑚砂是一种含钙极高的海洋生物成因材料,具有高棱角性、形状不规则、易破碎等特点。通过珊瑚砂的高压一维蠕变试验,研究颗粒破碎引起颗粒分布曲线和形状因子的演化规律。借助于高速动态图像的激光粒度粒形仪器,从统计学的角度分析试验前后颗粒形状随压力演化的关系,发现颗粒的形状因子,如长宽比、球形度和凹凸度等,随压力增加而逐渐增加。不同粒径的颗粒形状因子均向一个窄幅范围趋近,说明颗粒破碎具有无尺度性和自相似性的分形特性,分形维数随压力增加而逐渐增大,且趋近分形破碎极限。采用Hardin和Einav的方法计算相对破碎量,发现在两种计算方法下相对破碎量与压力呈幂函数关系,且幂指数相同。相对破碎量随时间增加的现象并不明显,说明在高压力下颗粒破碎主要为压缩破碎,且颗粒细化滑移填充孔隙引起的变形是造成蠕变的主要原因。 相似文献
19.
在常规应力水平下颗粒发生破碎是钙质砂有别于其他砂土的重要性质之一,且由于颗粒破碎的存在,使用传统的本构模型无法很好地模拟钙质砂的力学行为。因此本文以最为普及的本构模型之一--邓肯-张E-B模型为基础,对其进行颗粒破碎方面的修正以得到一个能用于钙质砂的本构模型。具体方法为:首先本文采用Hardin提出的相对破碎Br这一指标来度量颗粒破碎的大小。之后研究分析得出了颗粒破碎对邓肯-张模型参数(内摩擦角φ、割线模量E50及体积模量B)的影响规律。然后通过颗粒破碎与输入能量之间的关系将各状态下无法直接确定的相对破碎Br与可确定的应力-应变状态联系起来。最终得到了一个考虑颗粒破碎的钙质砂修正邓肯-张E-B模型。为验证模型的准确性及适用性,本文还使用该模型对4种不同粒径范围且试验围压不同的钙质砂的三轴排水行为进行了模拟。结果表明拟合效果较好,模型能适用于各种不同粒径范围的钙质砂,并且在颗粒破碎较大的情况下明显优于传统邓肯-张模型。 相似文献
20.
颗粒破碎是土石混合体的一种基本属性,机理复杂,影响因素众多。鉴于室内试验受设备、材料等因素限制且费时费力,本文采用Monte Carlo思想构建了能够真实反映块石破碎过程的PFC2D颗粒离散元数值模型,在室内直剪试验和筛分试验基础上进行了数值剪切试验,系统性探究土石混合体块石破碎特性的影响因素及基本规律。结果表明:在法向应力作用下,剪切后试样出现明显的块石破碎现象以分散应力;块石粒径对块石破碎程度影响显著,块石粒径越大,破碎势越大,越易破碎;块石浑圆度较小时,颗粒间接触面积较小,应力集中显著,破碎率较大;颗粒级配连续、良好时,颗粒间咬合充分接触完全,接触受力点较多,碎裂更不易发生;试样初始孔隙率对破碎率影响较小,相同法向应力下,随着孔隙率增大,块石破碎程度呈现轻微增大趋势。 相似文献