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在布罗肯希尔地区的早元古代维利亚马(Willyama)超群中,富电气石岩石是分布广而数量少的岩石。电气石集中产在层控和局部层状电气石岩、变质碎屑沉积岩、石英—锌尖晶石脉岩、层状 Pb-Zn-Ag 硫化物矿石、石榴石英岩、层控白钨矿矿床、石英-电气石结核、不整合石英脉和花岗伟晶岩内。大部分富电气石岩是产在赋主要 Pb-Zn-Ag的布罗肯希尔群内。在 Globe 矿山,沿主矿脉的西北端,电气石与 Pb-Zn-Ag 矿化紧密共生,在一些地方与富锰石榴石石英岩互层。在局部地方,方铅矿和其他矿石矿物是产在这些电气石岩中的重结晶电气石颗粒的核心,表明电气石和硫化物是在变形和高级变质作用之前已存在 相似文献
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电气石对成岩成矿环境的示踪性及应用条件 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本文在系统查阅国内外文献的基础上，结合对我国部分地区电气石的研究，讨论了电气石在不同成岩成矿环境中的鉴别特征及应用条件。在以火山岩和以沉积岩为含矿岩石的块状硫化物矿床中，电气石通常为富镁的镁电气石－黑电气石固溶体系列。在花岗岩、伟晶岩和细晶岩中，电气石有镁电气石－黑电气石固溶体系列→黑电气石－锂电气石固溶体系列→锂电气石和镁电气石－黑电气石固溶体系列→黑电气石电两个方向。此外，还提出了应用电气石指 相似文献
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一般特点及物理性质龙门山拗陷中段是一个很有意义的泥盆纪沉积磷矿的成矿区。在成矿区的西侧,含磷岩系的岩性序列自下而上为:角砾状和致密块状磷块岩、磷铝质岩、黑色页岩和细砂岩。在磷铝质岩中,有时在磷块岩层上部,产有一种沉积岩中罕见的自生矿物--磷锶铝石的合硫和钙的变种。该矿物首先由段前烈、舒銮绶等同志发现,定名为硫磷铝锶矿,并认为与其变种羟硫磷铝锶矿相当。磷铝质岩呈灰色、晤灰色及灰黑色,有时带咖啡色,中厚层至厚层状(照片1),主要组成矿物是磷锶铝石及粘土矿物(以高岭石为主,有少量水云母),此外尚有磷灰石、黄铁矿、有机质,以及陆源碎屑矿物:电气石、锆石、金红石、磁铁矿、钛磁铁矿等。磷铝质岩成似层状或透镜状产出,沿走向方向在该区南北两端相变为硅质岩。 相似文献
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辽宁东部古元古界底部地层(南辽河群)中赋存着大型的硼酸盐矿床，含矿层位中广泛分布含电气石的变粒岩和电英岩。空间上这些含电气石的岩石与硼酸盐有着密切的联系，电气石可以作为区域硼矿找矿的标志。已有研究结果表明，该地区的硼酸盐矿床是变质蒸发岩成因。本研究对该区不同产状的电气石和硼酸盐的地质特征，全岩和矿物成分、硼同位素组成进行了分析。本区的电气石包括层状和脉状两大类，而电气石的富集与硼酸盐关系密切，电英岩往往分布在硼酸盐矿体的上盘。而矿体的下盘一般不产出富电气石的岩石。当长英质脉体穿过硼酸盐矿体时，脉体中往往会富集电气石。含电气石岩石的全岩地球化学分析表明，它们的REE及其他微量元素特征以及相关性关系与周围不含电气石的同类岩石十分相似，反映出一种成因上的联系。本区电气石主要属于镁电气石一铁电气石系列，靠近硼矿体的电气石比远离硼矿体的电气石更加富镁，有着更高的Mg／Fe比值。电气石和硼酸盐的硼同位素成分分析显示出二者在同位素组成上的相似性，前者比后者的δ^11B稍低，这可能是由于热液活动过程中同位素分馏的结果。电气石的硼同位素组成在空间上显示出变化规律：远离硼酸盐矿体的电气石的δ^11B值(-5．2‰- 3．6‰)比矿体附近的电气石低(平均 10．5‰)。以上空间和成分上的关系表明硼酸盐可能是形成电气石主要的硼来源，电气石是在热液过程中通过淋滤下伏含硼蒸发岩中的硼形成含硼热液，在与上覆沉积物交代过程中形成含电气石岩石。电气石的条带是热液顺层选择交代的结果。本区电气石与硼酸盐的关系表明，层状电气石可以通过含硼热液交代的方式形成。变质地体中的层状电气石岩石的出现可能与变质蒸发岩有关。这一认识对区域硼矿勘查工作和变质地体的沉积环境分析有借鉴意义。 相似文献
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黔北地区下寒武统底部黑色页岩沉积环境条件与源区构造背景分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为了深入探讨黔北地区下寒武统底部黑色页岩的沉积环境条件和源区构造背景,对黔北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色页岩进行系统采样,对其微量元素和稀土元素地球化学特征进行了系统分析。研究表明,微量元素中高的WV/(WNi+WV)和U/Th比值等反映该区黑色页岩形成于海域开阔的还原环境。区内黑色页岩样品中Mo、Sb、U、Cd、 V、Ba、Tl、Ni、W、 Cr、Cs、Cu、Zn、Bi等元素的高富集以及正Eu异常和较低的Co/Zn比值均反映了黔北下寒武统底部黑色页岩受到深部热液活动的影响。根据主、微量和稀土元素组合及比值特征可以看出黔北地区下寒武统底部黑色页岩的源岩具有花岗岩、沉积岩和玄武岩等多成因性质。源区构造背景以被动大陆边缘为主,由于受深部热液活动的影响,也显示大陆岛弧构造背景的特征。 相似文献
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电气石岩是一种富硼的硅质喷气岩,主要产于以沉积岩为容矿岩石的喷气矿床中及附近。研究广泛认为其与喷流-沉积型块状硫化物矿床(SEDEX矿床)有着密切的关系,并被视为该类矿床找矿勘探的标志岩性之一。综述了电气石岩的产出环境、形态、岩石学、地球化学等地质特征,分析了电气石岩的沉积环境及成因。以澳大利亚布罗肯希尔地区电气石岩与矿化的关系为例,对其地质找矿意义进行了总结与展望。 相似文献
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变质地体中富电气石岩石的成因及其意义许虹（长春地质学院,长春,１３００２６）辽吉地区早元古宙硼酸盐矿床中的富电气石岩为研究变质地体中富电气石岩石的成因提供了一个极好的机会。在这些矿床中,富电气石岩石主要分布在硼酸盐矿体的顶板岩石中,在底板中电气石含量... 相似文献
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广西大厂地区笼箱盖黑云母花岗岩与区内晚白垩世锡多金属成矿作用在时空上密切相关。岩相学特征表明,笼箱盖黑云母花岗岩中的电气石可以分为三类:1)浸染状电气石; 2)石英-电气石囊; 3)电气石-石英脉。本文利用电子探针和激光剥蚀等离子体质谱系统测定三种不同产状电气石的化学组成。分析结果显示,三种产状的电气石均具有高的Fe/(Fe+Mg)和Na/(Na+Ca)比值,主体属于碱基亚类铁电气石。浸染状电气石为岩浆晚期结晶,其Fe/(Fe+Mg)比值变化于0. 85～0. 94,随着岩浆分异,电气石逐渐富集Li、F、Fe和Sn等元素。与浸染状电气石相比,石英-电气石囊中早阶段电气石具有低的Fe/(Fe+Mg)比值,高的V、Co和Sr含量,可能反映了岩浆演化晚期出现的不混溶富硼熔/流体对早期黑云母和长石的交代作用,从而使囊中早阶段电气石继承部分被交代矿物的化学组成特征;石英-电气石囊中晚阶段电气石的化学组成变化较大(如Li、F、Mg、Al、V、Fe和Zn),与热液成因电气石的推论一致。与浸染状和囊状电气石相比,石英脉中的电气石具有高的Fe/(Fe+Mg)和Na/(Na+Ca)比值;微量元素组成与囊状电气石相似。就成矿元素锡而言,三种产状的电气石均具有相对高的锡含量,与其他地区锡成矿花岗岩中电气石的成分特征相似。但是,从岩浆晚期到热液阶段,大厂地区电气石的锡含量并没有显著升高,可能反映了早期岩浆热液流体对熔体锡有限的萃取作用。 相似文献
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SANTANU ACHARJEE JYOTISANKAR RAY PAYEL DEY DEBAPRIYA BHATTACHARYYA MOUSUMI BANERJEE BASAB CHATTOPADHYAY SHYAMAL SENGUPTA A K BHATT D CHOWDHURY A K DWIVEDI SANJOY MAHATO ARKA RANJAN JANA P B MAITHANI P V RAMESH BABU 《Journal of Earth System Science》2016,125(8):1681-1696
The area of investigation at and around Mashak Pahar, Bankura district, West Bengal, India comprises a number of rock types namely: granite gneiss, migmatized quartz tourmaline gneiss, quartz pebble conglomerate, ferruginous quartzite, quartz tourmaline veins (as veins) and graphite schists. Interestingly, the study area lies in the region extending South Purulia Shear Zone (～Tamar–Porapahar Shear Zone) which marks the boundary between two contrasting tectonic blocks of eastern India, namely, the Chhotanagpur Gneissic Terrane (CGC) to the north and Singhbhum Group of rocks to the south. The rocks of the study area are poly-phasedly deformed by three phases of folding, namely, F1, F2 and F3. All the tourmalines are classified to be of ‘Alkali Group’. Chemistry of tourmalines from migmatized quartz tourmaline gneiss and those from quartz tourmaline veins are in conformity with their relation to (earthquake induced) shear system evolution in this terrain. In general, the compositional evolution of tourmaline during prograde metamorphism (～400°–730°C) has been supported by both petrographic and chemical evidences. Assessment of mineral–chemical data of constituent tourmaline grains clearly suggests compositional variations across zonal boundaries within tourmaline that was controlled by changing metamorphic milieu in this terrane. Field and petrographic evidences clearly indicate activation of earlier and later shears in this region accompanied by infiltration of boron and formation of zoned tourmaline crystals. 相似文献
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《Chemical Geology》1992,94(3):215-227
Tourmaline is a ubiquitous mineral in the Mid-Proterozoic, peraluminous, syn- to post-tectonic granites and aplites and the related hydrothermal rocks of the Karagwe-Ankolean belt in northwest Tanzania. Electron microprobe analysis indicates that tourmalines from all of the intrusive and hydrothermal lithologies: (1) belong to the schorl-dravite solid-solution series; and (2) plot within the field occupied by tourmaline from Li-poor granitoids on the Fe-Al-Mg classification diagram. Oxygen isotope compositions range from +12.2 to +11.6‰ (SMOW) for magmatic tourmalines and from +10.8 to +9.8‰ for those of hydrothermal origin. Hydrogen isotope compositions vary from −79 to − 65‰ (SMOW) for magmatic tourmalines and from −99 to −84‰ for hydrothermal tourmalines. Water contents measured by manometry are constant at 3.0–3.2 wt.%. Within the broad grouping there arc systematic variations in both chemical [particularly Fetot/(Fetot + Mg ratio)] and isotopic composition that relate to evolving magmatic and hydrothermal conditions. Igneous differentiation [increasing Fetot/(Fetot + Mg) in magmatic tourmaline] has produced trends with higher δ18O in quartz, lower δ18O in tourmaline, and larger ΔQTZ.−TOUR.-values, that reflect a combination of a reduction of crystallization temperature and an increase of Fetot/ (Fetot + Mg) in the residual melt. Subsequent cooling and interaction of an exsolved, B-rich magmatic fluid with the pelitic country rocks, resulted in the deposition of hydrothermal tourmaline with increasing Fetot/(Fetot + Mg) ratios, and progressively lower δ18O and δD -values. 相似文献
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Quartz-tourmaline lenses, around which host granite is impregnated by uraninite, have been found among porphyritic granite
with large phenocrysts of the Urtui pluton in the Ttansbaikal krai framing the Strel’tsovka volcano-tectonic structure. Two
generations of tourmaline are distinguished. Most individual crystals belong to the first generation attributed to “fluor-schorl”;
tourmaline-II attributed to schorl occurs as thin rims overgrowing tourmaline-I. The major type of cation isomorphic substitution
in both tourmalines is Fe2+ → Mg. The Fe3+/Fetot value and Li content in the average sample are 2% and 80 ppm, respectively. The high F content, comparatively high Li, low
Fe3+/Fetot value, and character of cation isomorphic substitution indicate that the tourmaline relates to greisens. The combination
of these features allows one to distinguish greisen-type tourmaline-bearing rocks. The impregnated uranium mineralization
in granite of the Urtui pluton, one of the probable sources of uranium in economic U ore of the Strel’tsovka deposit, is suggested
to be caused by greisenization and the formation of quartz-tourmaline lenses. 相似文献
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Tourmaline occurs as a minor but important mineral in the alteration zc,ne of the Archean orogenic gold deposit of Guddadarangavanahalli （G.R.Halli） in the Chitradurga greenst~ne belt of the western Dharwar craton, southern India. It occurs in the distal alteration halo of the G.R.Halli golcl deposit as （a） clusters of very fine grained aggregates which form a minor constituent in the natrix of the altered metabasalt （AMB tourmaline） and （b） in quartz-carbonate veins （vein tourmaline）. ~[＇he vein tourmaline, based upon the association of specific carbonate minerals, is further grouped as （i） albite-tourmaline-ankerite-quartz veins （vein-1 tourmaline） and （ii） albite-tourmaline-calcite-quartz veins （vein-2 tourmaline）. Both the AMB tourmaline and the vein tourmalines （vein-I and vein-2） belong to the alkali group and are clas- sified under schorl-dravite series. Tourmalines occurring in the veins are zoned while the AMB tour- malines are unzoned. Mineral chemistry and discrimination diagrams 1eveal that cores and rims of the vein tourmalines are distinctly different. Core composition of the ve：n tourmalines is similar to the composition of the AMB tourmaline. The formation of the AMB tourmaline and cores of the vein tour- malines are proposed to be related to the regional D1 deformational event associated with the emplacement of the adjoining ca. 2.61 Ga Chitradurga granite whilst rims of the vein tourmalines vis-a- vis gold mineralization is spatially linked to the juvenile magmatic accretion （2.56-2.50 Ga） east of the studied area in the western part of the eastern Dharwar craton. 相似文献
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The color and spectroscopic properties of ironbearing tourmalines (elbaite, dravite, uvite, schorl) do not vary smoothly with iron concentration. Such behavior has often been ascribed to intervalence charge transfer between Fe2+ and Fe3+ which produces a new, intense absorption band in the visible portion of the spectrum. In the case of tourmaline, an entirely different manifestation of the interaction between Fe2+ and Fe3+ occurs in which the Fe2+ bands are intensified without an intense, new absorption band. At low iron concentrations, the intensity of light absorption from Fe2+ is about the same for E∥c and E⊥c polarizations, but at high iron concentrations, the intensity of the E⊥c polarization increases more than ten times as much as E∥c. This difference is related to intensification of Fe2+ absorption by adjacent Fe3+. Extrapolations indicate that pairs of Fe2+-Fe3+ have Fe2+ absorption intensity ～200 times as great as isolated Fe2+. Enhanced Fe2+ absorption bands are recognized in tourmaline by their intensity increase at 78 K of up to 50%. Enhancement of Fe2+ absorption intensity provides a severe limitration on the accuracy of determinations of Fe2+ concentration and site occupancy by optical spectroscopic methods. Details of the assignment of tourmaline spectra in the optical region are reconsidered. 相似文献
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I. A. Baksheev O. Yu. Plotinskaya V. O. Yapaskurt M. F. Vigasina I. A. Bryzgalov E. O. Groznova L. I. Marushchenko 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2012,54(6):458-473
Tourmalines from the Kalinovka porphyry copper deposit with epithermal bismuth-gold-basemetal mineralization and the Michurino gold-silver-base-metal prospect have been studied in the South Urals. Tourmaline from the Kalinovka deposit occurs as pockets and veinlets in quartz-sericite metasomatic rock and propylite. The early schorl-“oxy-schorl” [Fetot/(Fetot + Mg) = 0.66?0.81] enriched in Fe3+ is characterized by the homovalent isomorphic substitution of Fe3+ for Al typical of propylites at porphyry copper deposits. The overgrowing tourmalines of the second and third generations from propylite and quartz-sericite metasomatic rock are intermediate members of the dravite-magnesio-foitite solid solution series [Fetot/(Fetot + Mg) = 0.05?0.46] with homovalent substitution of Mg for Fe2+ and coupled substitution of X ? + YAl for XNa + YMg. These substitutions differ from the coupled substitution of YAl + WO2? for YFe2+ + WOH? in tourmaline from quartz-sericite rocks at porphyry copper deposits. At the Michurino prospect, the tourmaline hosted in the chlorite-pyrite-quartz veins and veinlets with Ag-Au-Cu-Pb-Zn mineralization is an intermediate member of the dravite-magnesio-foitite solid solution series [Fetot/(Fetot + Mg) = 0.20?0.31] with homovalent substitution of Mg for Fe2+ and coupled substitutions of X ? + YAl for XNa + YMg identical to that of late tourmaline at the Kalinovka deposit. Thus, tourmalines of the porphyry and epithermal stages are different in isomorphic substitutions, which allow us to consider tourmaline as an indicator of super- or juxtaposed mineralization. 相似文献
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Tourmaline solid solutions containing Fe, Fe+ Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Co, Mn chromophoric centers have been grown hydrothermally at 650° C and 1,5 kbar on natural seeding plates close to the elbaite composition. The newly grown tourmalines were characterized by chemical analyses and optical absorption spectroscopy in the range 26316-5000 cm-1 at 297 K and in the range 26316-9090 cm-1 at 77 K. Most characteristic of Fe2+, Fe3+-bearing specimens is the presence of intensive σpolarized absorption bands caused by exchange-coupled Fe2+-Fe3+ pairs in Y- and Z-sites of the tourmaline structure. An additional intensive absorption band 12500 cm-1 (σ-polarisation) appears in some specimens but is not yet found in spectra of natural tourmalines. The colour and spectroscopic properties of the Fe3+, Mn3+ and Cu2+ containing tourmalines are significantly affected by the presence of even the smallest Li-contents. The results suggest that Fe2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+-ions occupy, predominantly, Y-sites of the tourmaline structure, whereas the Cr3+-ions seem to enter the smaller Z-octachedra. 相似文献
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Gordon Smith 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1978,3(4):343-373
The E∥c and E ⊥ c polarized optical absorption spectra of a variety of blue/green tourmalines and a schorl were measured from room temperature down to helium temperatures. Heat treatments at 750–800° C in air and hydrogen were carried out on several green tourmalines. From the results obtained, absorptions at 7,900 and 13,800 cm?1 in the E∥c spectra of tourmalines are assigned to Fe2+ in the b-site. In the same polarization, bands detected at 9,000 and 13,400 cm?1 are attributed to Fe2+ in the smaller c position. In contrast to previous interpretations, the E ⊥ c polarized bands at 9,000 and 13,800 cm?1 are not assigned to single ion transitions, but are largely associated with nearest neighbour Fe2+-Fe3+ pairs. Correlations between near-infrared band absorption coefficients and FeO concentration reinforce these assignments. The temperature dependence and the reaction to heat treatment of the strongly polarized (E⊥c?E∥c) band near 18,000 cm?1 in blue and green tourmaline spectra are shown to be consistent with previous assignments of the band to Fe2++Fe3+→Fe3++Fe2+ charge transfer. Similar results are discussed for broad absorptions (also E⊥c?E∥c) found in the 22,000–25,000 cm?1 region of the spectra of certain green and brown tourmalines. It is concluded that these absorptions are due to Fe2++Ti4+→Fe3++Ti3+ charge transfer. The proposal is made that the initial effect of heating green tourmalines in air and hydrogen is to reduce Fe3+ cations located in both b- and c-sites. Further heat treatment in air and hydrogen results in the oxidation of Fe2+→Fe3+ and leads to the generation of bands near 19,100 and 21,600 cm?1. The newly formed bands are assigned to Fe3+-Fe3+ pairs. 相似文献