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1.
Holocene Yellow Silt Layers and the Paleoclimate Event of 8200 a B.P. in Lop Nur, Xinjiang, NW China
LIU Chenglin WANG Mili JIAO Pengcheng LI Shude CHEN YongzhiCollege of Environmental Sciences Peking University Yiheyuan Ro Haidian District Beijing Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Baiwanzhuang Ro Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2003,77(4):514-518
Many yellow silt layers have been identified in the Holocene sediments in the last lake of Lop Nur (playa), Xinjiang, northwestern China. Statistics of drill-hole cores have revealed more than one hundred layers, which exhibit regularity in time sequence. Study has further verified that these yellow silt layers were deposited through eolian processes. The time-frequency distribution diagram shows an obvious peak occurring at about 8200 a B.P., which is consistent with the dry, windy and cold climate event occurring at 8200 a in other places around the world. Therefore, this event is regarded as a response to the global climate change. 相似文献
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Deposits of the Tamanduá River contain evidence for four major paleohydrologic stages in the last 33,000 years. A wet period between 33,000 and 20,00014C yr B.P. produced a high water table that allowed organic-rich deposition in the Tamanduá valley. A dry interval 17,000-10,00014C yr B.P. produced sandy deposits of braided channels and alluvial fans. River aggradation during this period probably resulted from a high sediment load promoted by intense slope erosion and from flash floods. A wet period after 10,000 and before 600014C yr B.P. was marked by reduced slope erosion and by high discharge that led to erosion of the valley fill. During that time forests developed widely in Brazil. A drier climate after 600014C yr B.P. caused a reduction of discharge but allowed a high water table to be maintained. 相似文献
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WANG Daning 《Continental Dynamics》1999,(2)
1.IntroductionTheYuanquBasinisoneoftheearliestst-UdiedCenozoicinlandbasinsinChina.Duetotheabun-dantmammalfossilsexcavatedfromthePaleogenestrataofthebasin,especiallythecompIeteandsuc-cessivestrataaswellasvariousabundantmammalfossilsofLateEocene,whichprovidesasufficientfoundationforthedeterminationofstratigraphicalage,itisregardedasaremarkablecriterionforcor-relationwithotherbasins.TheYuanquBasinIiesatthesouthemmarginoftheNofthChinaplatform,theFigurel.1ndexmapshowingthelocationoftheYuanqu… 相似文献
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Abdou Abouelmagd Mohamed Sultan Neil C. Sturchio Farouk Soliman Mohamed Rashed Mohamed Ahmed Alan E. Kehew Adam Milewski Kyle Chouinard 《Quaternary Research》2014
Sixteen groundwater samples collected from production wells tapping Lower Cretaceous Nubian Sandstone and fractured basement aquifers in Sinai were analyzed for their stable isotopic compositions, dissolved noble gas concentrations (recharge temperatures), tritium activities, and 14C abundances. Results define two groups of samples: Group I has older ages, lower recharge temperatures, and depleted isotopic compositions (adjusted 14C model age: 24,000–31,000 yr BP; δ18O: − 9.59‰ to − 6.53‰; δ2H: − 72.9‰ to − 42.9‰; < 1 TU; and recharge T: 17.5–22.0°C) compared to Group II (adjusted 14C model age: 700–4700 yr BP; δ18O: − 5.89‰ to − 4.84‰; δ2H: − 34.5‰ to − 24.1‰; < 1 to 2.78 TU; and recharge T: 20.6–26.2°C). Group II samples have isotopic compositions similar to those of average modern rainfall, with larger d-excess values than Group I waters, and locally measurable tritium activity (up to 2.8 TU). These observations are consistent with (1) the Nubian Aquifer being largely recharged prior to and/or during the Last Glacial Maximum (represented by Group I), possibly through the intensification of paleowesterlies; and (2) continued sporadic recharge during the relatively dry and warmer interglacial period (represented by Group II) under conditions similar to those of the present. 相似文献
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源－汇沉积过程的实质是沉积物的产生、搬运和沉积.陆表岩石的风化、侵蚀是沉积物产生的主要过程,受气候和构造因素的联合控制.现代陆表风化层研究揭示,在特定风化机制下（供给限制型化学风化）表层土壤的化学风化强度主要与陆表温度和湿度（降雨量）有关,其关系可通过建立经验气候转换方程来描述.经源－汇过程,这些气候信息可随陆源碎屑沉积物从源到汇传递,并最终可能形成沉积记录而保存于地层序列中.由于源－汇系统的复杂性和自发波动性,气候信息传递受源区侵蚀和沉积路径等的影响和扰动,具有明显的选择性,其时效性与气候变化本身的幅度和频度有关.基于陆源碎屑沉积进行深时古气候研究需要加深对源－汇沉积过程的理解,并考虑沉积系统响应和可能气候变化的时间尺度. 相似文献
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河流阶地作为河谷中常见地貌, 其堆积物特征对气候变化过程研究具有重要的意义.通过对循化黄河Ⅲ级阶地剖面沉积特征、粒度、磁化率、孢粉以及光释光测年的研究, 初步厘定循化黄河Ⅲ级阶地形成时代为75 ka.循化盆地晚更新世气候演化可以大致划分为6个阶段: 120~114 ka, 气候暖湿; 114~105 ka, 气候较为干冷; 105~98 ka, 气候较暖湿; 98~85 ka, 气候转为温凉; 85~75 ka, 气候暖湿; 75~63 ka, 气候干冷.这6个阶段分别与MIS5e-4段相对应. 相似文献
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通过对柴达木盆地北缘（柴北缘）冷湖七号下干柴沟组上段（E 3 2
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受晚更新世以来海侵影响,渤海西南内陆第四系浅层经历了复杂的海陆交替演化。利用4口钻孔取芯井和88口静力触探井资料,采用现代测试技术和地层对比的方法对渤海西南内陆广饶地区第四系浅层进行沉积学综合研究。广饶地区地表以下30 m内,南部以风成黄土沉积为主,北部自上而下发育两期海相层,在研究区称为第一、第二海侵层,分别是10~4 ka B.P.的黄骅海侵层和40~28 ka B.P.的献县海侵层。黄土沉积于晚更新世玉木冰期,在研究区南部以17 m为界划分为大站组和羊栏河组(未见底)。晚更新世以来发生两期海侵事件(黄骅海侵、献县海侵),在海侵范围最大时到达广饶地区,先后对冰期沉积黄土层侵蚀改造,形成了“上超型海蚀黄土”的海侵演化模式。根据海侵与黄土沉积演化所对应的古气候变迁,将研究区晚更新世以来气候演变划分为6个期次:干冷期、温暖湿润期、干冷偏凉期、温暖期、潮湿湿润期和现代气候期,对应不同的沉积演化特征。 相似文献
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琼东南盆地深水区是21世纪南海北部大陆架地区天然气勘探的重点区带之一。为了划分该盆地WN-A井的地层时代及探明其沉积物所记录的古气候条件,笔者对该井分布于3 261.25~5 079.00 m井段共计108份岩屑样品进行了孢粉分析。研究结果显示,该井孢粉化石种类较丰富且分布连续,由下至上可划分为4个孢粉组合: Pinuspollenites-Polypodiaceoisporites-Juglanspollenites-Quercoidites E-Quercoidites D组合、Pinuspollenites-Juglanspollenites-Polypodiaceoisporites-Dicolpopollis kockelii组合、Quercoidites E-Polypodiaceoisporites-Pinuspollenites-Polypodiisporites组合和Pinuspollenites-Polypodiaceoisporites-Randiapollis reticulatus-Quercoidites E组合。其中：4 425.00~5 079.00 m井段孢粉组合的优势组分是Pinuspollenites、Juglanspollenites和Quercoidites D,指示热带、亚热带针叶、常绿、落叶阔叶混交林,气候较温凉;3 261.25~4 425.00 m井段孢粉组合中Quercoidites E占优势,指示热带、亚热带常绿、落叶阔叶混交林,气候温暖湿润。WN-A井孢粉组合记录了一次明显的由温凉转为温暖的气候变化,与全球渐新世—中新世的气候变化可以对比,其发生位置,即4 425.00 m可以作为WN-A井渐新统和中新统的界线。 相似文献
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为重建东北地区中-晚始新世古气候,对抚顺盆地孢粉进行传统鉴定,利用有序聚类分析划分孢粉组合,结合共存分析法对孢粉组合定量化以建立研究区的古气候参数值.鉴定出孢粉67属,划分出（Ⅰ）Quercoidites- Tricolpopollenites- Betulaceoipollenites组合;（Ⅱ）Piceapollis-Tiliaepollenites-Chenopodipollis组合;（Ⅲ）Quercoidites-Betulaceoipollenites-Ulmipollenites组合;（Ⅳ）Pinuspollenites-Abietineaepollenites-Ephedripites组合;（Ⅴ）Betulaceoipollenites-Taxodiaceaepollenites-Quercoidites组合,其中组合Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ时代为中始新世;组合Ⅳ、Ⅴ时代为晚始新世.植被类型也经历了:落叶阔叶林-草原型植被→针阔叶混交林-草原型植被→落叶阔叶林-草原型植被→针叶林→针阔叶混交林的转变.气候带经历了由亚热带、亚热带-温带湿润性气候向温带半湿润性气候的转变,年均温和年降雨量均呈降低的趋势,这些变化趋势与全球温度变化趋势相耦合. 相似文献
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四川盆地白垩系粘土矿物特征及古气候探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
四川盆地是中国白垩纪最具代表性的陆相沉积盆地之一,主要发育一套广布的红色碎屑岩沉积,且膏盐、沙漠相沉积发育。本文在前人地层古生物学研究的基础上,借助粘土矿物气候指标、结合沉积物碎屑成分,着重讨论了中侏罗世—古近纪早期四川盆地及周边地区的气候状况及演变过程。碎屑组份统计分析认为盆地北部边缘早白垩世早期构造因子起主导作用,而盆地南部白垩纪气候因子起主导作用,说明构造活动对沉积物影响不大。粘土矿物组份主要以蒙脱石和伊利石为主。多数样品蒙脱石和伊利石同时出现,指示沉积物源区为干冷与暖湿交替的气候环境;局部层段只有伊利石,指示干冷气候。同时,所有样品伊利石化学指数值均大于0.5,说明粘土矿物经历了强烈的化学风化作用,盆地内部为暖湿气候。 相似文献
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青海湖是我国最大的内陆湖盆,对气候变化十分敏感,而滩坝是青海湖滨浅湖带最为发育的沉积类型之一,其滩坝分布规律对晚更新世以来的古气候演化具有重要指示意义。在对青海湖一郎剑剖面进行实地考察的基础之上,对滩坝的分布规律及沉积特征进行精细解剖。通过分析总结前人相关测年数据,并与青海湖滩坝分布规律进行对比,发现青海湖湖平面升降对滩坝分布有明显的控制作用,建立了18 ka以来青海湖滩坝的演化过程,并将近18 ka以来青海湖湖平面升降史分为4个阶段:(1)更新世末温湿期,湖平面在海拔3 197～3 202 m附近波动;(2)全新世冷干期,湖平面近乎干涸;(3)全新世大暖期,湖平面处于全新世以来的最高值,约为3 212 m;(4)全新世凉湿期,湖平面回落到3 200 m附近,并在近2. 5 ka湖平面加速下降。在晚更新世和晚全新世时,湖平面在海拔3 202 m附近波动时间较长,在该海拔范围内,形成了规模较大的复合滩坝;在早全新世,青海湖平面最低,多发育风成黄土和潟湖沉积;在中全新世,湖平面最高,形成了距离现今湖平面最远的数列单体滩坝。 相似文献
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二叠纪—三叠纪古气候研究进展——泛大陆巨型季风气候:形成、发展与衰退 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
巨型季风是指二叠纪—三叠纪期间泛大陆上存在的强烈季节风,它的形成与泛大陆的形状、海陆分布及大陆的纬向分布密切相关。从晚石炭世泛大陆的聚合至晚侏罗世—早白垩世泛大陆裂解,巨型季风经历了形成、发展到衰退的过程。在三叠纪,泛大陆很大且几乎关于赤道对称,巨型季风达到最大强度。它对古气候、古环境、古生物及沉积等都产生了深刻的影响,使泛大陆低纬度地区呈现出干旱和潮湿交替的气候特征,蒸发岩和红层广泛分布;高纬度地区温暖潮湿,煤层大量分布;科罗拉多高原(美国西部)、西特提斯(欧洲)和东特提斯(中国)等地的二叠纪—三叠纪沉积地层也显示了受巨型季风影响的特征。 相似文献
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西藏米林地区湖积物的磁性特征及其古气候意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
米林地区雅鲁藏布江三级河流阶地上发育厚达52.2m的晚更新世晚期深-浅湖相和滨-浅湖相沉积物, 显示当时米林地区存在一个规模较大的古堰塞湖.为了探讨该套湖积物记录的古气候、古环境信息, 在米林机场剖面采集了259块定向样品进行环境磁学测试和分析.其中, 磁组构分析表明86%的样品具有原生磁组构, 它们的最大磁化率主轴κ1指示米林古堰塞湖的物源经历了由南、北方向到西、北东再至西向这一大致顺时针方向变化的趋势, 可能与该区的差异隆升作用有关.研究剖面的天然剩余磁化强度 (NRM) 和体积磁化率 (κ) 变化曲线与沉积物的粒度、沉积相关系密切, 反映该区晚更新世晚期至少经历了4次显著的气候波动;同时, NRM、κ波动曲线能够很好地对应于格陵兰冰心GISP2的δ18O曲线IS1-IS6和IS8, 并记录了新仙女木事件 (YD) 和3次Heinrich事件 (H1, H2, H3) , 表明米林地区晚更新世晚期的气候变化受到全球气候系统影响. 相似文献
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本文将西藏札达盆地河湖相地层重新划分为第四系下更新统香孜组(Qp1-1x)、新近系上新统古格组(N22g)和上新统托林组(N21t)。河湖相地层的古地磁法和ESR法测年结果表明,札达盆地内河湖相沉积地层的形成时代为新近纪上新世—第四纪早更新世。根据该套河湖相地层沉积演化和其中的孢粉组合特征、河湖相沉积中所发现的各种古动植物化石等的综合分析,笔者对札达盆地上新世—早更新世的古植被、古环境与古气候演变进行了探讨。结果表明,札达地区上新世—早更新世气候经历了从湿热—温暖潮湿—偏冷潮湿—寒冷干旱的变化,以及植被从森林—灌木—草原的逐渐演化。可将札达盆地上新世—早更新世环境演化划分为7个大的阶段,其总体特征是15.4~4.4Ma,札达地区处于亚热带湿热气候环境;24.4~3.95Ma,为暖温带温暖潮湿气候;33.95~3.5Ma,为偏凉潮湿阶段,气候开始转冷;43.5~3.2Ma,为温暖潮湿阶段;53.2~2.9Ma,气候转为偏冷潮湿阶段;62.9~2.57Ma,该阶段气候偏冷而干旱,整体较为干冷;72.57~1.36Ma,气候寒冷而干旱。表明自上新世—早更新世,该区的古气候环境在逐渐变干、变冷的总趋势上,经历了多次明显的冷暖与干湿波动。 相似文献
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罗布泊盐湖晚更新世末期芒硝岩沉积及其古气候意义 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
罗布泊位于新疆塔里木盆地的东端,可能是世界最大的单体(干)盐湖。罗布泊从中更新世开始进入盐湖演化阶段,直到晚更新世末以钙芒硝沉积为主,进入全新世出现石盐沉积。一些钻孔揭示在上更新统顶部出现一些芒硝岩薄层,对比研究,确认这些钻孔中的芒硝层属同一时期沉积产物。14C测年显示,芒硝层段年代从13.72～16.92ka,光释光测年结果为19.34～19.83ka,这些与末次冰期最盛期的年代(14～22ka)基本吻合,推断当时罗布泊年均气温在-2～-3℃。至全新世早期,随着短期干冷气候结束,罗布泊转为咸水湖环境,自全新世中期以来,转变为盐湖环境。 相似文献
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Paleoclimate of some Permo-Triassic carbonates of Malaysia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
C. Prasada Rao 《Sedimentary Geology》1988,60(1-4):163-171
Four hundred thin-sections of Permian (Chuping and Summalayang Limestones) and Triassic (Kodiang Limestone) carbonates of Malaysia were studied, mainly to interpret probable climatic zones during their formation.
Chuping Limestone is rich in skeletal grains and intraclasts formed in shallow, high-energy environments. Original mineralogy of skeletal grains and early diagenetic cements were chiefly calcites with some aragonite. The faunal assemblage is similar to that of subpolar carbonates. The brachiopods are characterized by heavy δ13C and light δ18O and these values lie in the same field as an Early Permian fauna from eastern Australia. The δ18O values of fauna show unrealistic temperatures because the fauna has equilibrated with melt waters. However, calculated original δ18O values of the fauna from δ13C indicate temperatures ranging from 2 to 13°C with δw of +1.2. These features reflect cool-temperate (to ?subpolar) conditions.
Summalayang Limestone is rich in fusulinids and was deposited in bar to shelf environments. Fusulinids are often filled with fine, equigranular sparry calcite. Early diagenetic origin of these cements is indicated by erosion of cements during transportation and also by the cross-cutting relationship of veins with cements. These cements were originally Mg calcites. The foramol faunal assemblage, and predominantly Mg calcite mineralogy of both fauna and cements, reflect temperate climate.
Kodiang Limestone was deposited in peritidal environments. This limestone formation has all the characteristic features of modern, warm, tropical carbonates such as chlorozoan assemblage, diverse non-skeletal grains, abundant early diagenetic dolomites and predominance of aragonitic fauna, non-skeletal grains and cements.
The formation of temperate carbonates during the Permian suggests that Malaysia was probably part of Gondwanaland. 相似文献