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1.
Zheng-Gang Li Yan-Hui Dong Ji-Qiang Liu Ling Chen 《International Geology Review》2015,57(5-8):978-997
Seamounts are an integral part of element recycling in global subduction zones. The published trace element and Pb-Sr-Nd isotope data for basaltic lavas from three key segments (Central Lau Spreading Ridge (CLSR), Eastern Lau Spreading Ridge (ELSR), and Valu Fa Ridge (VFR)) of the Lau back-arc basin were compiled to evaluate the contribution of Louisville seamount materials to their magma genesis. Two geochemical transitions, separating three provinces with distinct geochemical characteristics independent of ridge segmentation, were identified based on abrupt geochemical shifts. The origin of the geochemical transitions was determined to be the result of drastic compositional changes of subduction components added into the mantle source, rather than the transition from Indian to Pacific mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) mantle, or due to variable mantle fertilities. The most likely explanation for the drastic shifts in subduction input is the superimposition of Louisville materials on ‘normal’ subduction components consisting predominantly of aqueous fluids liberated from the down-going altered oceanic crust and minor pelagic sediment melts. Quantitative estimation reveals that Louisville materials contributed 0–74% and 21–83% of the Th budget, respectively, to CLSR and VFR lavas, but had no definite contribution to the lavas from the ELSR, which lies farthest away from the subducted Louisville seamount chain (LSC). The spatial association of the subducted LSC with the Louisville-affected segments suggests that the Louisville signature is regionally but not locally available in the Tonga subduction zone. Besides, the preferential melting of subducted old Cretaceous LSC crust instead of the old normal Pacific oceanic crust at similar depths implies that elevated temperature across the subduction interface or seamount erosion and rupture were required to trigger melting. A wider implication of this study, thus, is that seamount subduction may promote efficiency of element recycling in subduction zones. 相似文献
2.
C. Dupuy H. G. Barsczus J. M. Liotard J. Dostal 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1988,98(3):293-302
The Austral Islands, a volcanic chain in the South-Central Pacific Ocean (French Polynesia) are composed mainly of alkali basalts and basanites with subordinate amounts of olivine tholeiites and strongly undersaturated rocks (phonolite foidites and phonolite tephrites). The basaltic rocks have geochemical features typical of oceanic island suites. The distribution of incompatible trace elements indicate that the lavas were derived from a heterogeneous mantle source. The chondrite-normalized patterns of the incompatible elements in basaltic rocks of the Austral Islands are complementary to those of island arc tholeiites. As supported by isotope data, the observed trace element heterogeneities of the source are probably due to mixing of the upper mantle with subducted oceanic crust from which island arc tholeiitic magma was previously extracted. 相似文献
3.
Two subducting seamounts under inner trench slopes have been identified around Japan on the basis of magnetic anomalies, morphology and geological structure. The first one is located under the foot of the inner trench slope at the junction between the Japan Trench and the Kuril Trench. Another one occurs beneath the slope slightly seaward of the Tosabae (the basement high at the trench slope break along the Nankai Trough off Shikoku). The magnetic anomalies of seamount origin are accompanied by the characteristic morphology of a forearc wedge i.e., a swell landward and a depression seaward. The seamounts beneath the inner trench slopes have preserved magnetization showing reasonably consistent directions, which suggests that the subducting seamounts have kept roughly their original shapes. The morphology of the forearc wedge can be explained by a subducting seamount on the oceanic crust pushing the forearc material forward and upward. Deformation of the forearc wedge by the subducting seamount extends to the forearc basin. The seamounts are stronger and less deformable than the inner slope material and are not offscraped onto inner trench slopes.
Two other examples of deformed inner trench slopes around Japan which can be explained by subduction of topographic highs are presented. One example is a depression on the foot of the inner trench slope northeast of the junction between the Kyushu-Palau Ridge and the Nankai Trough. Another one is an area of complex morphology of the inner trench slope along the Japan Trench around the Daiichi-Kashima Seamount. 相似文献
4.
太平洋板块中—新生代构造演化及板块重建 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
太平洋板块是一个中生代以来形成的地球上最大的大洋板块,但其起源机制、结构构造、构造演化等始终不清楚。太平洋板块内部的复杂性更是未受到重视,其内部的大火成岩省、海山链、微洋块、微陆块及其下部更深层地幔的微幔块都非常发育,这些复杂板内或板下构造代表的地球动力学含义亟待解决。文章基于最新的板块重建结果,试图分析其运动学过程,揭示太平洋板块形成与演化机制。研究表明,太平洋板块起源于RRR三节点,但不是一个纯粹的完整大洋板块,其增生演化过程经历了非威尔逊旋回模式,其板缘经历了一些外来微陆块或微洋块的并入,其内部也因各种原因出现了一些新生微洋块,总体表现为一个碎片化的镶嵌式板内格局。太平洋板块记录了与邻区板块相互作用的重要构造事件,大约55 Ma左右开始俯冲到东亚陆缘,导致东亚陆缘短暂的北西-南东向伸展,随后受印度-欧亚碰撞动力系统和太平洋俯冲动力系统联合控制,总体处于右行右阶的拉分背景,形成了一系列盆地群,俯冲后撤等逐渐形成了双俯冲系统。太平洋板块还记录了深浅部耦合过程,下地幔中的太平洋LLSVP通过遥相关对上部岩石圈微板块、大火成岩省分布具有决定性作用;火山链或热点揭示板块运动同时,也反映深浅部物质交换过程,海山群也揭示太平洋板块之下软流圈并非单一对流胞,其对流格局的多样性尚待深入研究。 相似文献
5.
Partial melting of subducting oceanic crust expressed as high-Mg volcanic rocks such as adakites and boninites has been actively studied for decades, and Lee and King (2010) reported that time-evolving subduction parameters such as the age and the subduction rate of the converging oceanic plate play important roles in transient partial melting of the subducting oceanic crust (e.g., Aleutians). However, few subduction model experiments have considered time-evolving subduction parameters, posing problems for studies of transient partial melting of subducting oceanic crust in many subduction zones. Therefore, we constructed two-dimensional kinematic–dynamic subduction models for the Izu–Bonin, Mariana, Northeast Japan, Kuril, Tonga, Java–Sunda, and Aleutian subduction zones that account for the last 50 Myr of their evolution. The models include the time-evolving age and convergence rate of the incoming oceanic plate, so the effect of time-evolving subduction parameters on transient partial melting of oceanic crust can be evaluated. Our model calculations revealed that adakites and boninites in the Izu–Bonin and Aleutian subduction zones resulted from transient partial melting of oceanic crust. However, the steady-state subduction model using current subduction parameters did not produce any partial melting of oceanic crust in the aforementioned subduction zones, indicating that time-evolving subduction parameters are crucial for modeling transient eruption of adakites and boninites. Our model calculations confirm that other geological processes such as forearc extension, back-arc opening, mantle plumes and ridge subduction are required for partial melting of the oceanic crust in the Mariana, Northeast Japan, Tonga, and southeastern Java–Sunda subduction zones. 相似文献
6.
The Neotethys ocean is transiently involved in two subduction zones during the Late Cretaceous. While the Northern Neotethys subduction zone (below Eurasia) was active from the early Mesozoic until the Eocene, the intra-oceanic Southern Neotethys subduction zone only developed during the Late Cretaceous. We herein document, through a combination of structural, geochemical and geochronological data, the magmatic evolution of a Late Cretaceous supra-subduction ophiolite fragment of the Neotethys (the Siah Kuh massif, Southern Iran), now sandwiched in the Zagros suture zone. Results show that this ophiolite fragment — a subducted yet exceptionally well-preserved seamount — records an evolution from supra-subduction zone magmatism (including island arc tholeiites, boninites and calc-alkaline transitional magmatism) around 87 Ma, to MORB (from E-MORB to N-MORB) magmatism at 78 Ma, and potentially until 73 Ma. We conclude that this seamount initially formed in an arc context and represents either (i) a non-obducted remnant of the Oman ophiolite that experienced a longer-lived magmatic history (prefered hypothesis) or (ii) a piece from the forearc/frontal arc of the Northern margin of the Neotethys. Regardless of its exact original location, the Siah Kuh seamount was later subducted in the Northern Neotethys subduction zone. 相似文献
7.
俯冲带部分熔融 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
俯冲带是地幔对流环的下沉翼,是地球内部的重要物理与化学系统。俯冲带具有比周围地幔更低的温度,因此,一般认为俯冲板片并不会发生部分熔融,而是脱水导致上覆地幔楔发生部分熔融。但是,也有研究认为,在水化的洋壳俯冲过程中可以发生部分熔融。特别是在下列情况下,俯冲洋壳的部分熔融是俯冲带岩浆作用的重要方式。年轻的大洋岩石圈发生低角度缓慢俯冲时,洋壳物质可以发生饱和水或脱水熔融,基性岩部分熔融形成埃达克岩。太古代的俯冲带很可能具有与年轻大洋岩石圈俯冲带类似的热结构,俯冲的洋壳板片部分熔融可以形成英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩。平俯冲大洋高原中的基性岩可以发生部分熔融产生埃达克岩。扩张洋中脊俯冲可以导致板片窗边缘的洋壳部分熔融形成埃达克岩。与俯冲洋壳相比,俯冲的大陆地壳具有很低的水含量,较难发生部分熔融,但在超高压变质陆壳岩石的折返过程中可以经历广泛的脱水熔融。超高压变质岩在地幔深部熔融形成的熔体与地幔相互作用是碰撞造山带富钾岩浆岩的可能成因机制。碰撞造山带的加厚下地壳可经历长期的高温与高压变质和脱水熔融,形成S型花岗岩和埃达克质岩石。 相似文献
8.
地壳深俯冲与富钾火山岩成因 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
富钾火山岩是一类兼具壳幔双重地球化学特征的特殊岩石组合 ,它们不可能由亏损或原始地幔所派生 ,成岩过程中必须有地壳物质的参与 ,将地壳物质引入富钾火山岩成岩过程的主要动力机制即是深俯冲作用。洋壳和陆壳均可以通过俯冲进入地幔 ,俯冲地壳物质析出流体对地幔岩石的交代作用是导致富钾火山岩具特殊地球化学特征的主要原因。根据对大别—苏鲁造山带南北两侧晚中生代富钾火山岩的实例研究 ,表明该区火山岩的形成均受到了俯冲洋壳析出流体的交代作用 ,但造山带北侧富钾火山岩的形成还叠加了俯冲的扬子陆壳析出流体的交代作用 ,是多次富集事件综合作用的结果。文中还对富钾火山岩成因研究中值得进一步深入探索的问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
9.
The Stonyford Volcanic Complex: a Forearc Seamount in the Northern California Coast Ranges 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
SHERVAIS JOHN W.; SCHUMAN MARCHELL M. ZOGLMAN; HANAN BARRY B. 《Journal of Petrology》2005,46(10):2091-2128
Jurassic age volcanic rocks of the Stonyford volcanic complex(SFVC) comprise three distinct petrological groups based ontheir whole-rock geochemistry: (1) oceanic tholeiites; (2) transitionalalkali basalts and glasses; (3) high-Al, low-Ti tholeiites.Major and trace element, and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic dataindicate that the oceanic tholeiites formed as low-degree partialmelts of normal mid-ocean ridge basalt (N-MORB)-source asthenospheresimilar in isotope composition to the East Pacific Rise today;the alkalic lavas were derived from an enriched source similarto that of E-MORB. The high-Al, low-Ti lavas resemble second-stagemelts of a depleted MORB-source asthenosphere that formed bymelting spinel lherzolite at low pressures. Trace element systematicsof the high-Al, low-Ti basalts show the influence of an enrichedcomponent, which overprints generally depleted trace elementcharacteristics. Tectonic discrimination diagrams show thatthe oceanic tholeiite and alkali suites are similar to present-daybasalts generated at mid-oceanic ridges. The high-Al, low-Tisuite resembles primitive arc basalts with an enriched, alkalibasalt-like overprint. Isotopic data show the influence of recycledcomponents in all three suites. The SFVC was constructed ona substrate of normal Coast Range ophiolite in an extensionalforearc setting. The close juxtaposition of the MORB-like olivinetholeiites with alkali and high-Al, low-Ti basalts suggestsderivation from a hybrid mantle source region that includedMORB-source asthenosphere, enriched oceanic asthenosphere, andthe depleted supra-subduction zone mantle wedge. We proposethat the SFVC formed in response to collision of a mid-oceanridge spreading center with the Coast Range ophiolite subductionzone. Formation of a slab window beneath the forearc duringcollision allowed the influx of ridge-derived magmas or themantle source of these magmas. Continued melting of the previouslydepleted mantle wedge above the now defunct subduction zoneproduced strongly depleted high-Al, low-Ti basalts that werepartially fertilized with enriched, alkali basalt-type meltsand slab-derived fluids. KEY WORDS: CRO; oceanic basalts; California 相似文献
10.
西太平洋区域是全球地质构造和海陆相互作用最活动的区域,经过50多年的大洋钻探研究,人们对西太平洋弧后海底扩张成因、俯冲工厂的动力学机制、地幔演化过程、发震带、热点岩浆活动、沉积古环境等都有了深入研究和分析,但是西太平洋边缘海盆具有很大的构造多样性和复杂性,仍然有很多的科学目标和科学问题有待进一步开展研究.本文详细分析了边缘海盆的大洋岩石圈演化特殊性,原位上地幔蛇纹岩化的程度,初始俯冲与初始扩张的形成机制,海台、海山、海岭、洋脊、洋隆的属性,洋中脊水热循环活动的强度及其对大洋岩石圈演化的影响,岩石圈共轭张裂与破裂模式与机制,大洋红层与异常沉积这7个方面的科学问题,并建议就流体地球化学剖面、海山岩浆剖面、穆绍海沟与加瓜海脊、Ayu海槽、卡罗琳海岭系统、Eauripik海岭、冲绳海槽、莫霍面这8个关键具体目标开展详细的地球物理刻画并提出具有全球意义的钻探建议,为今后实现中国领导的全球大洋钻探工作提供思路. 相似文献
11.
The English Lake magmatic complex in the western Superior Province of Canada represents a fragment of early (3.0 Ga) continental crust exposed in oblique cross section through tonalitic upper levels and subjacent quartz diorite, diorite and gabbro, which are cut by late gabbro, anorthosite and hornblendite dykes. Massive, foliated and gneissic units of tonalitic to gabbroic composition, crystallized over a 10 to 18 m.y. period, bear common geochemical attributes, including negative Th, U and Nb anomalies, and only slight LREE and LILE enrichment on NMORB-normalized trace-element profiles. Epsilon Nd values (+0.1 to +1.7) and 18O (+6.7 to +8.0 ) do not co-vary with silica or other crustal contamination indices. High Mg#'s and Ni contents suggest derivation from, or interaction with mantle, and large positive anomalies for Ba, Sr and Pb, as well as high U/Th, suggest metasomatism by hydrous fluids. Trace-element profiles resemble those of primitive intra-oceanic island arc magmas except for the negative Th-U anomaly, which precludes the involvement of either oceanic (sedimentary or basaltic) or continental crust in the petrogenesis of English Lake magmas. In order to account for the unusual geochemical character of the suite, we postulate that water-rich fluids derived from subducted, sea-floor-altered serpentinite provided the flux for melting a depleted mantle wedge. Contemporaneous, proximal high Th/Nb tonalites suggest that the zone of serpentinite subduction occurred within a restricted arc segment possibly due to subduction of either: (a) a seamount chain oriented broadly perpendicular to an arc, or (b) a similarly oriented serpentinite-enclosed oceanic fracture zone or fault.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at .Editorial responsibility: T.L. Grove 相似文献
12.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(9):1097-1121
The Coastal Accretionary Complex of central Chile constitutes the product of early Carboniferous to Late Triassic subduction at the rear of Chilenia, a continental terrane likely derived from Laurentia and accreted to southwestern margin of Gondwana during the Mid to Late Devonian. The complex contains basaltic metavolcanic sequences of the subducted oceanic lithosphere accreted to the active margin. In this paper, we address the tectonic setting of these rocks by means of a geochemical study in the coastal area of Pichilemu region, central Chile. The accreted fragments of oceanic crust occupy different structural levels, exhibit variable metamorphic grade, and have geochemical fingerprints that reveal a compositional heterogeneity of the subducted oceanic crust. The amphibolites have N to E-MORB compositions. Greenschist units include N-MORB and E-MORB transitional to OIB, and blueschists and greenschists interleaved within a single metavolcanosedimentary sequence have OIB signatures. Neodymium isotopic systematics indicate depleted and enriched mantle sources, whereas strontium isotopic systematics indicate seawater/rock interaction. The variety of rocks suggests formation in an oceanic setting characterized by shallow and deep mantle sources, such as plume-influenced ridge. Based on the geological, petrological, geochemical, and isotopic characteristics, we propose that the metavolcanic protoliths of the Pichilemu region formed relatively close to the western margin of the Chilenia terrane during the initial stage (late Cambrian–Early Devonian) of seafloor development and drifting of this continental block. Geochemical similarities with oceanic units accreted to the active margin south of the Pichilemu region indicate a regional pattern of the oceanic crust subducted under the Palaeozoic Chilean margin between, at least, 34°S and 39°S latitude, strongly supporting the activity of a mantle plume. This, in turn, can be correlated with the location of the Pacific plume generation zone in early Palaeozoic era, corroborating a Laurentian origin for the Chilenia terrane. 相似文献
13.
The Blovice accretionary complex, Bohemian Massif, hosts well-preserved basaltic blocks derived from an oceanic plate subducted beneath the northern active margin of Gondwana during late Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian. The major and trace element and Hf–Nd isotope systematics revealed two different suites, tholeiitic and alkaline, whose composition reflects different sources of melts within a back-arc basin setting. The former suite has composition similar to mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB), yet with striking enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) and Pb paralleled by depletion in Nb, in agreement with its derivation from depleted mantle fluxed by subduction-related fluids. In contrast, the latter suite has composition similar to ocean island basalts (OIB) with variable contribution of ancient, recycled crustal material. We argue that both suites represent volcanic members of Ocean Plate Stratigraphy (OPS) and indicate that the oceanic realm consumed by the Cadomian subduction was a complex mosaic of intra-oceanic subduction zones, volcanic island arcs, and back-arc basins with mantle plume impinging the spreading centre. Hence, the basalt geochemistry implies that two distinct domains of oceanic lithosphere may have existed off the Gondwana’s continental edge: an outboard domain, made up of old and less buoyant oceanic lithosphere (remnants of the Mirovoi Ocean surrounding former Rodinia?) that was steeply subducted and generated the back-arcs, and young, hot, and more buoyant oceanic lithosphere generated in the back-arcs and later involved in accretionary complexes as dismembered OPS. Perhaps the best recent analogy of this setting is the Izu Bonin–Mariana arc–Philippine Sea in the western Pacific. 相似文献
14.
海山是一个地貌术语,通常分为出露于海平面以上和淹没于以下的两类。海山具有复杂的成因,可产于各种不同的构造环境,其出露的岩性主要有：洋岛玄武岩（OIB）、大洋中脊玄武岩（MORB）、弧后盆地玄武岩（BABB）、岛弧玄武岩（IAB）和大陆边缘玄武岩（CMB）等。本文的研究表明,CMB 和OIB 的地球化学性质大体相似,但是,二者的成因可能既有相似性,也存在某些差异性。OIB 产于板块内部,属于板内岩浆活动的产物,通常认为与“热点”或“地幔柱”有关;而CMB 则可能是古大陆岩石圈与年轻洋壳发生浅部再循环的结果。所以,除“热点”理论外,古大陆岩石圈和年轻洋壳的浅部再循环在海山和洋岛火山形成过程中也扮演了重要的角色。来自IAB 的样品明显亏损Nb、Ta和富集K、Pb、Cs、Rb等大离子亲石元素,表明IAB 的形成与俯冲作用有关。研究表明,全球可能存在3 种类型的热点：第一类是原生的热点,来自深部地幔;第二类是次生的热点,可能形成在地幔柱的浅部,来自超级地幔柱的上部;第三类来自上地幔,可能是大洋岩石圈伸展的产物。因此,海山的成因不可能用地幔柱一种模式予以解释,还应当考虑板块活动中其他各种因素（洋壳再循环、古老陆壳再循环、消减带物质以及水的加入,部分熔融程度、岩浆混合作用、不同地幔端元混合等）的影响。 相似文献
15.
A general model for the intrusion and evolution of 'mantle' garnet peridotites in high-pressure and ultra-high-pressure metamorphic terranes 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
Garnet‐bearing peridotite lenses are minor but significant components of most metamorphic terranes characterized by high‐temperature eclogite facies assemblages. Most peridotite intrudes when slabs of continental crust are subducted deeply (60–120 km) into the mantle, usually by following oceanic lithosphere down an established subduction zone. Peridotite is transferred from the resulting mantle wedge into the crustal footwall through brittle and/or ductile mechanisms. These ‘mantle’ peridotites vary petrographically, chemically, isotopically, chronologically and thermobarometrically from orogen to orogen, within orogens and even within individual terranes. The variations reflect: (1) derivation from different mantle sources (oceanic or continental lithosphere, asthenosphere); (2) perturbations while the mantle wedges were above subducting oceanic lithosphere; and (3) changes within the host crustal slabs during intrusion, subduction and exhumation. Peridotite caught within mantle wedges above oceanic subduction zones will tend to recrystallize and be contaminated by fluids derived from the subducting oceanic crust. These ‘subduction zone peridotites’ intrude during the subsequent subduction of continental crust. Low‐pressure protoliths introduced at shallow (serpentinite, plagioclase peridotite) and intermediate (spinel peridotite) mantle depths (20–50 km) may be carried to deeper levels within the host slab and undergo high‐pressure metamorphism along with the enclosing rocks. If subducted deeply enough, the peridotites will develop garnet‐bearing assemblages that are isofacial with, and give the same recrystallization ages as, the eclogite facies country rocks. Peridotites introduced at deeper levels (50–120 km) may already contain garnet when they intrude and will not necessarily be isofacial or isochronous with the enclosing crustal rocks. Some garnet peridotites recrystallize from spinel peridotite precursors at very high temperatures (c. 1200 °C) and may derive ultimately from the asthenosphere. Other peridotites are from old (>1 Ga), cold (c. 850 °C), subcontinental mantle (‘relict peridotites’) and seem to require the development of major intra‐cratonic faults to effect their intrusion. 相似文献
16.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(8):879-893
Plate subduction and mantle plumes are two of the most important material transport processes of the silicate Earth. Currently, a debate exists over whether the subducted oceanic crust is recycled back to the Earth's surface through mantle plumes, and can explain their derivation and major characteristics. It is also puzzling as to why plume heads have huge melting capacities and differ dramatically from plume tails both in size and chemical composition. We present data showing that both ocean island basalt and mid-ocean ridge basalt have identical supra-primitive mantle mean Nb/U values of ～46.7, significantly larger than that of the primitive mantle value. From a mass balance calculation based on Nb/U?we have determined that nearly the whole mantle has evolved by plate subduction-induced crustal recycling during formation of the continental crust. This mixing back of subducted oceanic crust, however, is not straightforward, because it generally would be denser than the surrounding mantle, both in solid and liquid states. A mineral segregation model is proposed here to reconcile different lines of observation. First of all, subducted oceanic crustal sections are denser than the surrounding mantle, such that they can stay in the lower mantle, for billions of years as implied by isotopic data. Parts of subducted oceanic crust may eventually lose a large proportion of their heavy minerals, magnesian-silicate-perovskite and calcium-silicate-perovskite, through density segregation in ultra-low-velocity zones as well as in very-low-velocity provinces at the core-mantle boundary due to low viscosity. The remaining minerals would thus become lighter than the surrounding mantle, and could rise, trapping mantle materials, and forming mantle plumes. Mineral segregation progressively increases the SiO2 content of the ascending oceanic crust, which enhances flux melting, and results in giant Si-enriched plume heads followed by dramatically abridged plume tails. Therefore, ancient mineral-segregated subducted oceanic crust is likely to be a major trigger and driving force for the formation of mantle plumes. 相似文献
17.
地幔氧逸度与俯冲带深部碳循环 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
地幔氧逸度通过改变含碳相的存在形式和迁移方式来影响深部碳循环。本文结合最新的地幔氧逸度实验模拟和岩石学研究成果,探讨了地幔氧逸度时空分布对深部碳循环的影响。文章重点结合地幔减压熔融形成洋壳、新生洋壳蚀变、洋壳俯冲变质、深俯冲洋壳熔融以及俯冲洋壳物质(流体和固体)通过岩浆(岛弧和地幔柱)作用循环出地表等重要地质过程,探讨了伴随洋壳俯冲作用的深部碳循环过程。由于地幔氧逸度的时空变化,俯冲带含碳相表现出不同的存在形式和迁移能力。通过对西南天山俯冲带碳循环的岩石学和实验研究,我们认为应当进一步深入研究俯冲带氧化还原状态及其对俯冲带深部碳循环的影响。 相似文献
18.
蛇绿岩记录了大洋岩石圈形成、演化、消亡的全过程,是刻画区域板块构造和洋 陆格局演化的关键证据。本文通过系统梳理前人相关研究,总结西准噶尔蛇绿岩最新研究成果,探讨大陆地壳增生方式、恢复古大洋演化历史,从而对西准噶尔构造体制转化提供新制约。西准噶尔地区发育多条震旦纪—石炭纪被构造肢解的蛇绿岩带,具有典型的岩块 基质结构,绝大多数蛇绿岩包括正常洋壳组分和海山/大洋高原残片,其中基性岩具有MORB和OIB的地球化学特征。基于前人研究,本文认为在西准噶尔古大洋发育过程中,发育不同时代与地幔柱有关的海山/大洋高原,同时存在增生型和侵蚀型两类汇聚板块边界。另外,大洋高原增生不仅是大陆地壳增生的有效途径之一,还可能诱发俯冲极性反转和传递。而在大洋高原形成初期,还可能存在地幔柱诱发俯冲起始机制。 相似文献
19.
This paper addresses the composition, geochemistry, isotopic characteristics, and age of rocks from the Carter Seamount of
the Grimaldi seamount group at the eastern margin of the Central Atlantic. The age of the seamount was estimated as 57–58
Ma. Together with other seamounts of the Grimaldi system and the Nadir Seamount, it forms a “hot line” related to the Guinea
Fracture Zone, which was formed during the late Paleocene pulse of volcanism. The Carter Seamount is made up of olivine melilitites,
ankaramites, and analcime-bearing nepheline tephrites, which are differentiated products of the fractional crystallization
of melts similar to an alkaline ultramafic magma. The volcanics contain xenoliths entrained by melt at different depths from
the mantle, layer 3 of the oceanic crust, which was formed at 113–115 Ma, and earlier magma chambers. The rocks were altered
by low-temperature hydrothermal solutions. The parental melts of the volcanics of the Carter Seamount were derived at very
low degrees of mantle melting in the stability field of garnet lherzolite at depths of no less than 105 km. Anomalously high
Th, Nb, Ta, and La contents in the volcanics indicate that a metasomatized mantle reservoir contributed to the formation of
their primary melts. The Sr, Pb, and Nd isotopic systematics of the rocks show that the composition of the mantle source lies
on the mixing line between two mantle components. One of them is a mixture of prevailing HIMU and the depleted mantle, and
the other is an enriched EM2-type mantle reservoir. These data suggest that the formation of the Carter Seamount volcanics
was caused by extension-related decompression melting in the Guinea Fracture Zone of either (1) hot mantle plume material
(HIMU component) affected by carbonate metasomatism or (2) carbonated basic enclaves (eclogites) ubiquitous in the asthenosphere,
whose isotopic characteristics corresponded to the HIMU and EM2 components. In the former case, it is assumed that the melt
assimilated during ascent the material of the metasomatized subcontinental mantle (EM2 component), which was incorporated
into the oceanic lithospheric mantle during rifting and the breakup of Pangea. 相似文献
20.
The ‘subduction initiation rule’: a key for linking ophiolites,intra-oceanic forearcs,and subduction initiation 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
We establish the ‘subduction initiation rule’ (SIR) which predicts that most ophiolites form during subduction initiation
(SI) and that the diagnostic magmatic chemostratigraphic progression for SIR ophiolites is from less to more HFSE-depleted and LILE-enriched compositions.
This chemostratigraphic evolution reflects formation of what ultimately becomes forearc lithosphere as a result of mantle
melting that is progressively influenced by subduction zone enrichment during SI. The magmatic chemostratigraphic progression
for the Izu–Bonin–Mariana (IBM) forearc and most Tethyan ophiolites is specifically from MORB-like to arc-like (volcanic arc
basalts or VAB ± boninites or BON) because SI progressed until establishment of a mature subduction zone. MORB-like lavas
result from decompression melting of upwelling asthenosphere and are the first magmatic expression of SI. The contribution
of fluids from dehydrating oceanic crust and sediments on the sinking slab is negligible in early SI, but continued melting
results in a depleted, harzburgitic residue that is progressively metasomatized by fluids from the sinking slab; subsequent
partial melting of this residue yields ‘typical’ SSZ-like lavas in the latter stages of SI. If SI is arrested early, e.g.,
as a result of collision, ‘MORB-only’ ophiolites might be expected. Consequently, MORB- and SSZ-only ophiolites may represent
end-members of the SI ophiolite spectrum. The chemostratigraphic similarity of the Mariana forearc with that of ophiolites
that follow the SIR intimates that a model linking such ophiolites, oceanic forearcs, and SI is globally applicable. 相似文献