共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
山东莱州浅滩的沉积动态与地貌演变 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
在野外观测和历史地貌调查的基础上，利用地理信息系统和遥感技术，研究了现代莱州浅滩的地貌演变规律和人类活动对浅滩地貌冲淤动态的影响。结果表明，受其特有的沉积动力过程控制，莱州浅滩不断淤高并向东北迁移、西北延伸。1958年以来由于修建水库、码头和海底采沙等人类活动导致泥沙亏损，浅滩在继续向东北迁移、西北延伸的同时，总体上处于侵蚀、解体状态，在中部和近岸部分之间、近岸部分和刁龙嘴海岸之间先后形成了贯通的潮流槽，不同地貌部位冲淤状态存在差异。 相似文献
2.
Domains of spit evolution in the Goro area, Po Delta, Italy 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Goro lagoon was formed during the 19th century in the southern part of the Po Delta. Its origin is related to the growth of a spit system, which progressively occluded the southernmost interdistributary bay from the sea. The development of the spits is due to the morphological prominence of the Po Delta which causes a divergent littoral drift, enhanced by wave refraction over the delta front. During the last century the spit was abandoned, destroyed, and re-constructed several times because of the development of newer spits seawards. Using historical maps and aerial photographs, three different periods are recognised, featuring distinctive spit growth styles: parallel, fan-shaped and branched. The different domains of spit evolution are related to several factors, mainly to the mutual influence of sediment discharge, sand mining along the Po river, wave action over the delta front, human-induced subsidence and direct human interventions along the spits and for flood-control. 相似文献
3.
基于GIS的长江河口没冒沙动态演变及稳定性分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
根据该海区近百年来各个时期海图资料,运用Mapinfo软件分析没冒沙的形成及形成后的演变过程。结果表明:没冒沙的形成和发育经历了局部边滩冲刷、边滩沙嘴发育和沙脊形成三个阶段;无论是其横断面变化,还是平面变化,均反映了其沙头部位冲刷下移(但其移动距离不大);近半个世纪来,沙体中轴位置在稳定强劲的涨落潮流作用下呈现出西北-东南走向,位置基本不变,形态变化不大,其冲淤量在1959年后变化很小,0m沙体变化基本不变,-2m沙体略有冲刷,冲刷量为0.07×106m3/a,反映出没冒沙稳定性比较好。 相似文献
4.
大鹏半岛位于广东省深圳市东部,海岸地貌类型多样,可分为基岩海岸、堆积海岸和生物海岸3大类型。文章根据野外调查和室内实验分析的结果论述了大鹏半岛海岸地貌类型、分布和成因,并在前人的研究基础上讨论了大鹏半岛海岸地貌演化过程：由于大鹏半岛处在构造隆升区,海岸类型以基岩海岸为主。多处基岩海岸保留了完好的海蚀崖、海蚀平台、海蚀槽穴、海蚀柱等各类典型的海蚀地貌。该半岛的堆积海岸主要发育于岩石岬角间的海湾内,在有河流流入的海湾处形成岬湾沙坝―澙湖海岸,在无河流的海岸处则形成湾顶海滩。半岛中段狭窄的呈哑铃状腰部的东岸,因深入内凹、波浪减弱,有淤泥质海岸发育;红树林发育于淤泥质海岸以及各澙湖内,而半岛周边浅海区有珊瑚群落生长。大鹏半岛以及邻近地区海岸地貌特征和海岸沉积物年代数据显示：1）地质构造与海平面升降是塑造该半岛海岸地貌的主要因素;2）该半岛的海岸地貌是在中全新世早期以后才开始发育的;3）该半岛全新世以来不存在强烈的地壳抬升;4）该半岛海岸中全新世出现过高于现代海平面的高海面。 相似文献
5.
J. Richard Jones 《自然地理学》2013,34(3):206-220
This study presents a model of cyclic spit accretion for the southern shoreline of Plum Island, Massachusetts, since 2,500 years B.P. A three-dimensional analysis of 325 cores taken from the sand unit underlying Stage Island Pool on Plum Island and bivariate plots of the graphic statistics derived from 40 sand samples permitted identification of three subsurface environments: beach/dune ridge, interdune, and washover/ tidal channel. The cyclic recurrence of these environments is proposed as the mechanism leading to the formation and growth of the southern end of the island since at least 2,500 years B.P. 相似文献
6.
渤海湾曹妃甸深槽形成机制及稳定性分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
渤海湾湾口曹妃甸岬角地貌特征明显,紧贴甸头前沿发育有渤海湾最深的巨型潮汐深槽。该深槽的发育有着一定的地质构造基础,曹妃甸沙岛形成的岬角地貌构成了深槽的边界条件,由此引起的局部潮流增大成为深槽形成与维持的主要动力条件。曹妃甸深槽长期以来边界条件与动力条件已基本适应,周边滩槽形势基本稳定,海床以轻微冲刷态势为主。近年来随着曹妃甸港区开发的不断深入,各种工程建设对深槽冲淤演变的影响日益增强,但由于并没有改变曹妃甸深槽的边界条件及动力形成机制,深槽稳定性良好。 相似文献
7.
The beach–dune system of Alcudia Bay is located in the north of the island of Mallorca. The system includes both simple and compound parabolic dunes formed by N to NNE winds and is made up of two dune areas with different dynamics: 1) the northern area, where, despite the fact that the source of beach sediment is from the south, dunes are formed by northerly winds and develop a narrow and linear barrier which separates a marsh from the bay; and 2) the southern area, where complex parabolic dunes formed by north-northeasterly winds, prograde south-southwest landward extending several kilometers inland. The broad pattern of the dunefield size is limited to the southeast by a mountain range and to the west by the effects of a topographic corridor, oriented north–south, which channels the prevailing northerly wind, causing a southward dune progression and limiting the westward extension of the dunefield. 相似文献
8.
9.
对江苏海州湾近岸海区的表层沉积物进行孢粉分析 ,总结该研究区的孢粉分布规律及成因。笔者认为该区的松花粉主要来自西北部胶东半岛 ;落叶阔叶乔木花粉来源于连云港市云台山 ;草本植物花粉与陆缘植被相应 ,以盐生的蒿、藜科花粉占优势 ,表明花粉沉积与当地及周边地区植被密切相关。蕨类孢子是从陆地由水流携带搬运而来 ,百分含量的高低可能是受补偿率的影响。 相似文献
10.
dr. phil. Aa. H. Kampp 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(1):86-89
Jakobsen, Bjarne Holm: Soil Formation on the Peninsula Tugtuligssuaq, Melville Bay, North West Greenland. Geografisk Tidsskrift 88:86–93 Copenhagen, 1988 The geography of soils has been studied on the peninsula Tugtuligssuaq. Melville Bay. N. W. Greenland. Soil formation and pedogenesis in relation to soil age and paleoclimate are discussed. 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
本文对南极乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛东、西海岸的帽贝种群的个体分布特征进行了研究,样品于2003年2月南半球夏季在菲尔德斯半岛东面的长城湾长城站一侧和企鹅岛西侧潮间带以及半岛西岸地理湾潮间带采集。在上述三个站点作断面随机取样,分别统计了南极帽贝(Na-cella concinna Strebel,1908)密度和个体大小。结果表明,除了半岛两侧帽贝种群密度不同外,半岛东、西两侧帽贝个体大小也存在较大的差异,西海岸地理湾帽贝壳长明显较大,大于企鹅岛帽贝平均壳长1cm以上,其他生长指标也大于东海岸的帽贝。西海岸帽贝个体的腹足面积和壳高的回归直线的斜率均大于东海岸帽贝的对应值。东、西海岸帽贝的腹足与帽贝的壳高存在异速生长状况(allometry),西海岸帽贝异速生长差异高于东海岸的帽贝。分析结果进一步证明,当地低密度帽贝种群与西海岸比较恶劣的自然环境有关,环境差异导致西岸产生大个体帽贝。菲尔德斯东、西海岸环境因子,如风浪、冰块冲击作用以至生物捕食产生的环境压力,不仅作用于种群个体的生长状态,而且也作用于种群结构。 相似文献
14.
本研究分别在平潭青峰、坛南湾和闽江口琅岐岛采集18个老红砂样品、19个海滩砂样品以及40个河滩砂样品,并对这些样品进行粒度和稀土元素(REE)测量。结果发现老红砂与闽江口琅岐岛河口砂的稀土元素含量特征十分接近;分别对老红砂与闽江河口砂REE数据以及坛南湾海滩砂与闽江口砂(REE)进行了判别函数分析,老红砂的∑REE平均值为84.25μg/g,琅岐岛河口砂的∑REE平均值为89.81μg/g,相似性明显;坛南湾海滩砂的∑REE平均值为16.41μg/g,与闽江河口砂含量差别较大。研究表明:青峰老红砂沉积物主要来源于闽江口河口砂,末次间冰期暖湿气候下闽江输砂量增大,河口外沿岸流增强,大量河砂进入海坛海峡,在强劲的季风搬运下,沉积于平潭岛北部,形成以青峰为代表的平潭岛北部老红砂;而坛南湾海滩砂代表海洋波浪搬运的泥沙,不是老红砂的物源。 相似文献
15.
Low-lying atoll islands appear highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change and extreme natural events. Potentially disastrous effects of future sea-level rise have been inferred in many studies, and the actual impacts of tropical storms on island destruction and formation have been well documented. In contrast, the role of tsunami in the geomorphic development of atoll islands has not been investigated. The Sumatran earthquake of 26 December 2004 generated a tsunami that reached the Maldives 2500 km away, with waves up to 2.5 m high. Observations on the geomorphic changes resulting from the tsunami are detailed here, based on pre-and post-tsunami profile measurements of island, beach and reef topography, and GPS surveys of the planform shape of islands and beaches of 11 uninhabited islands in South Maalhosmadulu atoll, Maldives. Erosional and depositional impacts were observed on all islands and these have been quantified. In general the changes were of a minor nature with a maximum reduction in island area of 9% and average of 3.75%. Rather, the tsunami accentuated predictable seasonal oscillations in shoreline change, including localised erosion reflected in fresh scarps and seepage gullies. Depositional features in the form of sand sheets and sand lobes emplaced on the vegetated island surfaces provide clear evidence that the tsunami waves washed over parts of all the islands. Both erosional scarps and overwash deposits were concentrated at the tsunami-exposed eastern sides of the islands. Impacts on leeward shores were primarily accretionary, in the form of spit and cuspate foreland extension. Whereas the nature and magnitude of intra-and inter-island impacts was variable, an east to west decline in aggregate effects was noted. Detailed consideration of the morphodynamic interaction between the tsunami waves and island morphology, show that this cross-atoll gradient resulted not just from the reduction in tsunami energy as it passed through the atoll, but also from variations in elevation of the encircling island ridge, and the quantity and distribution of sediment in the antecedent beach. A conceptual model identifying the sequence of changes to individual islands supports the observational data and the pattern of geomorphic changes resulting from the tsunami. This model leads to consideration of the longer-term impacts of the tsunami on the future stability of islands. Four scenarios are presented, each of which has a different island-beach sediment budget, and different relaxation time to achieve dynamic equilibrium. 相似文献
16.
基于对普里兹湾陆架表层沉积物粒度分析,结合海区动力环境特点,初步探讨了考察区类型、组成及冰海沉积作用特点。研究区表层沉积物大体可分为:砾(G)、泥质砂质砾(ms G)、砾质泥(g M)、砾质泥质砂(gm S)、含砾泥((g)M)、含砾泥质砂((g)m S)、砂(S)、砂质粉砂(s Z)和粉砂(Z)九种类型。依据沉积物粒度特征与地形变化,可将研究区划分为东部含砾泥质区和西部含砾砂质区。在东部含砾泥质区,包括四夫人浅滩、Svenner水道区、普里兹水道区和埃默里海盆区,沉积作用主要受海流影响,冰筏碎屑的影响有限,沉积物总体较细,粘土和细粉砂含量较高,粗粉砂和砂含量较低。在西部含砾砂质区,包括弗拉姆浅滩和埃默里冰架前缘,沉积作用受冰山、埃默里冰架和海流的共同影响,沉积物中粘土含量较低,砂和砾石含量较高,但也有个别站位可能受冰间湖的影响,沉积物粒度偏细。 相似文献
17.
U. Kitheka Johnson 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(3):465-489
The paper presents results of a study on the sediment supply and movement of highly turbid sediment plume within Malindi Bay in the Northern region of the Kenya coast. The current velocities, tidal elevation, salinity and suspended sediment concentrations (TSSC) were measured in stations located within the bay using Aanderaa Recording Current Meter (RCM-9), Turbidity Sensor mounted on RCM-9, Divers Gauges and Aanderaa Temperature-Salinity Meter. The study established that Malindi Bay receives a high terrigenous sediment load amounting to 5.7 × 106 ton·yr?1. The river freshwater supply into the bay is highly variable ranging from 7 to 680 m3·s?1. The high flows that are > 150 m3·s?1 occurred in May during the South East Monsoon (SEM). Relatively low peak flows occurred in November during the North East Monsoon (NEM) but these were usually <70 m3·s?1. The discharge of highly turbidity river water into the bay in April and May occurs in a period of high intensity SEM winds that generate strong north flowing current that transports the river sediment plume northward. However, during the NEM, the river supply of turbid water is relatively low occurring in a period of relatively low intensity NEM winds that result in relatively weaker south flowing current that transports the sediment plume southward. The mechanism of advection of the sediment plume north or south of the estuary is mainly thought to be due to the Ekman transport generated by the onshore monsoon winds. Limited movement of the river sediment plume southward towards Ras Vasco Da Gama during NEM has ensured that the coral reef ecosystem in the northern parts of Malindi Marine National Park has not been completely destroyed by the influx of terrigenous sediments. However, to the north there is no coral reef ecosystem. The high sediment discharge into Malindi Bay can be attributed to land use change in the Athi-Sabaki River Basin in addition to rapid population increase which has led to clearance of forests to open land for agriculture, livestock grazing and settlement. The problems of heavy siltation in the bay can be addressed by implementing effective soil conservation programmes in the Athi-Sabaki Basin. However, the soil conservation programmes in the basin are yet to succeed due to widespread poverty among the inhabitants and the complications brought about by climate change. 相似文献
18.
本文对南极半岛西北海域22个表层沉积物中的硅藻进行了初步研究,鉴定出硅藻82种.根据硅藻的数量分布和生态特征,将本区硅藻分为三个组合;1.Yhalassiosiraantarctica—Charcatia actionchilus—Eucampia balautium组合.2.Th.antarctica——Nitzschiakerguelensis—Coscinodiscus lentignosus组合.3.Coscinodiscus lentiginosus——Eucampiabalaustium—Nitzschia kerguelesis—Schimperiella antarctica组合.文章还通过沉积物中和水体中硅藻的对比,水动力状况,以及海水对硅藻壳体的溶解作用等特征.讨论了区内硅藻壳体的沉积作用. 相似文献
19.
At Admiralty Bay of central King George Island, Keller Peninsula, Ull-man Spur and Point Hennequin are main Tertiary volcanic terranes. Field investigation and isotopic datings indicate that, there occurred three periods of eruptions ( three volcanic cycles) and accompanying N-toward migration of the volcanic center on Keller Peninsula. After the second period of eruptions, the crater collapsed and a cal-dera was formed, then later eruptions were limited at the northern end of the peninsula and finally migrated to Ullman Spur. Thus Keller Peninsula is a revived caldera, and its volcanism migrated toward E with time. Point Hennequin volcanism happened more or less simultaneously with the above two areas, but has no clear relation in chemical evolution with them, frequently it belongs to another independent volcanic center. 相似文献
20.
Sediment variability and transport in the littoral area of the abandoned Yellow River Delta,northern Jiangsu 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The delta evolution and erosion process of the abandoned Yellow River Delta (AYRD) have been extensively studied. However, the variation of sediment at a large littoral scale along the north coast of Jiangsu is less understood. In this study, the data of surface sediment samples obtained in the littoral area of the Yellow River Delta in 2006 and 2012 is used to study the sediment variability and sediment transport trends by using the geostatistics analysis tool and the grain size trend analysis model. In order to ensure the applicability of the model, the geostatistics method is used to determine the characteristic distance (D c) with the average range value (Ao) of grain size parameter. Filtering method (removing data that not at a sampling station) is used to improve accuracy of data selection. The results show that sedimentary spatial correlation in Lianyun Port area and southern part of the abandoned Yellow River Delta (AS) is better than that in the northern part of the abandoned Yellow River Delta (AN). Sediment in the area is found to be anisotropy at the northeast-southeast direction. The grain size trend analysis reveals that the sediment trend is towards bayhead and southerly in the Haizhou Bay, southeasterly along the shoreline in the south Lianyun Port, northwesterly in AN and easterly-southeasterly in AS respectively. The investigation of possible relationships between D c, Ao, sediment transport and delta evolution shows a close link between D c and Ao of one sediment combination. It is also found that sediment transport trends could reasonably represent the delta evolution to a certain degree. 相似文献