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1.
西南地区冬季气候异常的时空变化特征及其影响因子 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
利用1961-2010 年的多种观测资料,对西南地区冬季气候异常的时空演变特征及其影响因子进行了分析。结果表明：西南地区冬季气温变化主要存在全区一致和东、西部反位相两种模态,这两种模态均存在显著的年代际变化。全区温度的一致变化与东亚冬季风的异常有关,东、西反位相的变化与西太平洋副热带高压和冷空气的异常活动有关。冬季降水异常主要表现为全区一致的变化特征。北半球环状模(NAM,AO) 和ENSO对西南地区气温没有显著的影响。当NAM偏强(弱) 时,西南地区降水偏多(少)。El Niño 年,西南地区降水一致偏多;La Niña 年,西南地区中部降水偏多,东、西部降水偏少。2010 年冬季西南地区的干旱更有可能是由NAM异常引起的,而不是El Niño。 相似文献
2.
Observations and origin of Rayleigh-wave amplitude anomalies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S. van der Lee 《Geophysical Journal International》1998,135(2):691-699
This is a report of observations of amplitude anomalies of fundamental-mode Rayleigh waves ( R 1) between periods of 17 and 100 s. The anomalies are with respect to amplitudes predicted by Rayleigh-wave excitation for a reference earth model and catalogued centroid earthquake source parameters, such as are used in large-scale waveform inversions. The observations indicate that the amplitude anomalies are consistent for nearby recordings of the same event, while there is no obvious relation between the observed anomalies and the paths travelled by the waves. This is in contrast to Rayleigh-wave phase anomalies, which are consistent for similar propagation paths, and hence form the input in many inversions for along-path structure. The observations in this paper show that a similar inversion of intermediate-period amplitude anomalies for along- and near-path structure is not warranted without eliminating source effects, since the amplitude anomalies are dominated by scattering off near-source earth structure and by possible uncertainties in the source parameters. Sensitivity kernels that take the coupling between the moment tensor and displacement field into account demonstrate that Rayleigh-wave amplitude sensitivity is largest near the source. This report argues that the interaction between source-radiated Rayleigh waves and near-source earth structure may not be ignored in amplitude inversion procedures. 相似文献
3.
Charles O. Ofoegbu 《Geophysical Journal International》1984,79(3):813-823
Summary. The results of an interpretation of aeromagnetic anomalies over the Lower and Middle Benue Trough of Nigeria are presented. Two-dimensional interpretation of the anomalies shows that the anomalies are best interpreted in terms of basic intrusive bodies occurring either within the Cretaceous sediments or within the metamorphic basement or both. The model suggests that the intrusive bodies are of variable thickness and magnetization polarity, and may have been emplaced during different epochs of polarity. The model is in good agreement with interpretations of gravity and magnetic anomalies over similar structures elsewhere in the world. 相似文献
4.
西南地区冬季气温和降水的时空变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In recent years,the socio-economic impacts of winter extreme climate events have underscored the importance of winter climate anomalies in Southwest China (SWC).The spatio-temporal variability of surface air temperature (SAT) and precipitation in SWC and their possible causes have been investigated in this paper based on observational data from 1961 to 2010.The results indicate that SAT anomalies in SWC have two dominate modes,one is homogenous,and the other a zonal dipole.The former is caused by the anomalies of East Asian winter monsoon;the latter arises from the anomalies of both subtropical west Pacific high and regional cold air in lower troposphere.The most dominant mode of precipitation anomalies in SWC is homogenous and it has a high correlation with northern hemisphere annular mode (NAM,AO).Neither NAM nor ENSO has significant impacts on SAT in SWC.The anomalies of NAM are associated with the anomalies of tropical circulations,and there-fore precipitation over the SWC.When NAM is in positive (negative) phase,the winter pre-cipitation is more (less) than normal in SWC.Winter precipitation increase over the whole SWC is associated with the El Nino.However,during La Nina winter,the pattern is not uni-form.There is an increase in precipitation over the central parts and a decrease in western and eastern parts of SWC.The severe drought in SWC in winter 2010 is more likely caused by anomalies of NAM,not El Nino. 相似文献
5.
N. K. Thaku M. V. Mahashabde B. R. Arora B. P. Singh B. J. Srivastava S. N. Prasad 《Geophysical Journal International》1986,86(3):839-854
Summary. Geomagnetic substorms recorded by an array of magnetometers over peninsular India have been analysed to investigate the subsurface electric configuration of the area. the study considered only night-time events when the external inducing field is uniform over the Indian peninsula and the conventional interpretational techniques of geomagnetic deep sounding can be readily applied. Contour maps of Fourier transform amplitudes and phases along with real and quadrature Parkinson arrows are presented. Their features reveal a complex anomaly pattern. the observed anomalies can be classified into: (i) southern peninsular anomalies, (ii) Palk Strait anomalies, (iii) Pondicherry rift anomalies, and (iv) anomalies in the central region. A large-scale induction process seems to be disturbed by localized perturbations. the prominent anomaly observed over the southern tip seems to have a direct relevance to the tectonic setting of the Indian ocean and adjoining areas. 相似文献
6.
Kent M. McGregor 《自然地理学》2013,34(3):225-240
The Palmer Index (PI) was employed to compare anomalous dry spells with anomalous wet spells for 76 climatic divisions in the central United States. Comparisons were made in terms of the frequency, severity and persistence of wet and dry climatic episodes for the period 1931–75. The results indicated more frequent dry anomalies in the southwest (New Mexico and west Texas) portion of the study area and more frequent wet anomalies in the northeast (Illinois and Iowa). Not surprisingly, these are the most arid and most humid portions respectively. The results of the analysis for persistence were less clear. Typically dry anomalies lasted longer than wet anomalies, especially as the minimum length was increased. This was especially apparent when comparing the very longest dry spell with the very longest wet spell during the 45-year study period. Thus there are more but shorter wet spells and less frequent, but typically longer lasting dry spells. This final relationship posits the question of feedback processes between surface soil moisture and the persistence of atmospheric precipitation anomalies. [Key Words: Palmer Index, drought, moisture anomalies, wet spells, dry spells.] 相似文献
7.
Natural Resources Research - Extraction of mineralization-related anomalies for mineral exploration targeting lies in the interpretation of geological anomalies that indicate favorable ore-forming... 相似文献
8.
Summary. A new Bouguer anomaly map of India and its generalized interpretation is presented in this paper. Bouguer anomalies in India show good correlation with the geology and tectonics. Isostatic anomalies in India are primarily geologic anomalies caused by intracrustal inhomogeneities. For example, the negative isostatic anomalies in southern India arise from large thicknesses of granitic bodies in the upper crust and the positive anomaly over the Himalaya may be attributed to a possible thickening of the basalt layer in the lower crust. The gravity data suggest that an overall isostatic equilibrium generally prevails in India and the Himalayan region. Crustal thickness estimates from DSS data in India are comparable to the values obtained from gravity data based on the Ahy's concept of isostatic compensation. 相似文献
9.
10.
C. C. Tscherning 《Geophysical Journal International》1979,59(1):147-153
Summary. The anomalous (gravitational) potential of the Earth, T , is split in two parts, T= T C + T M . Here T M is a harmonic function generated by known mass density anomalies and T C =T-T M . This function will also be a harmonic function, which therefore may be approximated using the method of collocation, based on known gravity anomalies or altimeter derived geoid undulations, for example. Gravity anomalies can then be predicted using the known linearized relationship between T and Δ g . This procedure may give a 40–50 per cent increase in the precision of the prediction results as compared to a procedure where mass density anomalies are not taken into account. 相似文献
11.
A geologic anomaly is a geologic feature or structure that departs markedly from its surrounding environment with respect
to composition, texture, or genesis. The analysis of geologic anomalies related to mineralization is based upon specific geologic
factors and a combination of features, such as structural, temporal, and spatial, and draws upon special effects that are
due to ore-forming processes. An analysis of the geologic anomalies in the, middle-lower Yangtze area in southeastern China
has led to an interpretation of the relation between anomaly subtypes and the occurrence and spatial distribution of ore deposits.
Consequently, the following conclusions have been reached: the type of anomaly reflects the controlling factors that led to
the formation of iron, copper, and gold deposits in the area; sedimentary geologic anomalies are most closely associated with
stratiform deposits; structral complexity anomalies are most closely associated with Cu−Fe−Au deposits; magmatic anomalies
reflect geologic processes in which Fe and Cu elements were separated from magma and enriched into ores; and the geologic
combination entropy anomaly is proposed as a comprehensive variable that is related to favorable ore-forming environments
and that can serve as a quantitative index that can be used in mineral exploration. 相似文献
12.
Gordon Kaufman 《Natural Resources Research》1994,3(4):304-314
The relative efficiencies of alternative geometric patterns of both discrete borehole and continuous grid line search have been extensively discussed in the mathematical geology literature. However, an equally important problem has received virtually no attention: How to use a sample of properties of geologic anomalies detected by grid line search of a region to estimate systematically both the number and size distribution of geologic anomalies missed by the search. We show how estimation methods developed in the sample survey design literature can be adapted to this problem, and we apply these methods to data describing 94 anomalies identified by a seismic reconnaissance survey. 相似文献
13.
Orman E. Granger 《自然地理学》2013,34(3):201-222
Climate anomalies in California associated with ENSO episodes between 1910 and 1984 are investigated using “Superposed Epoch Analysis” techniques tested against randomization for statistical significance of the identified signals. The results indicate that statistically significant temperature departures from seasonal normals are associated with ENSO events and are characterized by positive anomalies in all seasons but especially in the key season of the event year and in the winter following the key season. Temperature anomalies associated with ENSO increase inversely with latitude. The largest temperature anomalies in the station superpositions occur not in the key season but in the winter following. This two-year persistence of temperature anomalies may be important in long-range forecasting. The spring and summer of the second year of the cycle are significantly warmer than the preceding two springs and summers. From the station superpositions, significant positive precipitation anomalies accompany the key seasons of ENSO episodes and persist through the following winter while the winter preceding the key season is abnormally dry. Areally averaged superpositions depict a dry winter and spring preceding the key ENSO season, a wet winter and spring in the episode year persisting into the following winter and spring in the north. A similar pattern exists in the south except that the fall and winter following the key season are abnormally wet. A division of ENSO episodes into “wet” and “dry” events produces no significant foreshadowing characteristics but highlights the indeterminacy of weather types associated with ENSO teleconnections in California as latitude increases. [Key words: climate, climatic anomaly, El Nino/Southern Oscillation, ENSO, California.] 相似文献
14.
地面风除了受大范围环流影响外,还受地形影响较大。新疆既有大的盆地,又有高山垭口,造就了特殊的新疆地面风场。利用新疆54个气象站1980—2004年,每日4个时次的地面风资料,分析了该地区地面风场的长期特征,并进行经验正交函数分解。研究表明,新疆长期地面风场北疆、东疆和南疆有显著差别,主要表现在风向的转变,即北疆总体表现为西北风,南疆表现为偏东风,东疆表现为由西北风向偏东风转换的反气旋性弯曲气流;新疆经向风的长期变化表现为南风距平加强,而纬向风则表现为东风距平加强;经向风在整个时间序列上有3~5 a的短期变化,而纬向风在整个时间序列上有3~6 a的短期变化,且都表现为随时间延续周期变长;经向风南风距平增大趋势的最大值发生在七角井,而北风距平增大趋势的最大值则在阿拉山口。纬向风西风距平增大趋势的最大值在七角井,东风距平增大趋势的最大值位于安德河;EOF分析表明,第一特征向量的贡献达到87.5％,而第一特征向量对应的时间系数的距平值以1987年和1999年为界,表现为“正负正”的趋势。 相似文献
15.
识别降雪异常空间模态,明晰降雪异常的影响因素,对理解中国南北过渡带气候变化规律具有重要的实践意义。论文基于1970—2020年逐日气象数据,辅以湿球温度动态阈值法、经验正交分解法等气候诊断方法,对秦岭南北冷季(11月—次年5月)降雪异常空间模态进行识别,探讨了不同主导模态与海气异常的相关关系。结果表明：(1)秦岭南北冷季降雪异常存在2个主导模态。第1模态为“全区一致型”,降雪异常偏强区分布于关中平原、秦岭山地、汉江谷地和大巴山区东段;第2模态为“山地主导下降型”,反映山地降雪异常对气候变化的敏感性;(2)在时间变化上,第1模态以年际波动为主,20世纪90年代中期后,空间模态多处于负相位,即全区一致降雪偏少;第2模态以年代转折为主,近期空间模态多处于正相位,即山地降雪异常偏少;(3)在影响因素上,第1模态降雪异常与1月中高纬度500 hPa欧亚遥相关波列相关,第2模态降雪异常与冬季赤道中东太平洋海温异常密切相关。研究将降雪异常格局与环流异常机制组合研究,可为理解中国南北过渡带降雪异常预警信号提供理论基础。 相似文献
16.
J. M. Woodside 《Geophysical Journal International》1976,47(3):493-514
Summary. New gravity observations from a systematic survey of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea and from a reconnaissance land survey in Central and Western Turkey have been compiled with existing data. Lack of sufficient geological and geophysical information precludes an analysis of the local anomalies or crustal structure; however, implications of the topography and gravity field at long wavelengths have been examined. Negative free-air anomalies characterize almost the entire Eastern Mediterranean basin and positive anomalies predominate in Turkey and the Aegean Sea. The change in sign coincides with the northern boundary of the African plate, and the wavelength and amplitude of the gravity variation are of the order of 1000 km and 100 mgal respectively. The lithosphere is probably unable to support such anomalies because the implied shear stresses are too large. The source of the anomalies is concluded to be in the asthenosphere where the low finite strength of material suggests that some sort of flow must exist to maintain the stresses. A good correlation is observed between the gravity and topography at wavelengths greater than 300 km; and the relationship is the same as that observed in the North Atlantic and the Central Pacific, as well as that computed for simple models of mantle convection. The gravity and topography of the Eastern Mediterranean can be explained in terms of flow in the upper mantle. This is the first region of subsidence for which this interpretation has been made. 相似文献
17.
内蒙古自治区扎鲁特旗伊和布拉格多金属矿位于额济纳旗-大兴安岭成矿区之突泉-林西华力西燕山期铁（锡）铜、铅、锌、银、铌（钽）成矿带。区内共发现7条矿化蚀变带,土壤地球化学测量圈定了元素组合异常4个。矿化蚀变带受NE-SW向断裂构造控制,其中Ⅲ号矿化蚀变带、Ⅴ号矿化蚀变带位于该区近东西向和近南北向断裂带的交汇处。矿化蚀变主要产于下二叠统或上侏罗统,成矿作用与燕山中晚期岩浆侵入活动相关。矿化蚀变带与地球化学异常及低电阻率,高极化激电异常均相关性,其中Ⅲ号蚀变带深部已见多层银铅锌矿体。从地质、物化探资料分析并与有关同类型的矿床类比,区内多条矿化蚀变带均具有寻找中-大型银铅锌多金属矿潜力。 相似文献
18.
Extracting geochemical anomalies from geochemical exploration data is one of the most important activities in mineral exploration. Geochemical anomaly detection can be regarded as a binary classification problem. The similarity between geochemical samples can be measured by their distance. The key issue of this classification is to find the intrinsic relationship and distance between geochemical samples to separate geochemical anomalies from background. In this paper, a hybrid method that integrates random forest and metric learning (RFML) is used to identify geochemical anomalies related to Fe-polymetallic mineralization in Southwest Fujian Province of China. RFML does not require any specific statistical assumption on geochemical data, nor does it depend on sufficient known mineral occurrences as the prior knowledge. The geochemical anomaly map obtained by the RFML method showed that the known Fe deposits and the generated geochemical anomaly area have strong spatial association. Meanwhile, the receiver operating characteristic curves for the results of RFML and another method, namely maximum margin metric learning, indicated that the RFML method exhibited better performance, suggesting that RFML can be effectively applied to recognize geochemical anomalies.
相似文献19.
文章导出了南半球ΔＴ表达式，测区约位于６３°Ｓ，故异常以正值为主，负异常在其南侧。以化极、匹配滤波等方法处理数据得深浅源异常。深源异常自北向南以正负相间的三个条带状异常分别对应着南设得兰群岛、布兰斯菲尔德海峡和南极半岛，浅源异常则对应着海峡南北缘的两条断裂。深部异常认为是磁性基底隆拗所致，因太平洋板块对南设得兰群岛的俯冲，那里深部基性成分多，故北部的深浅源异常幅值皆比南部的高。据浅源异常还识别出了与海峡延伸方向垂直的断裂，结合地貌、岩浆岩年龄及地震波速分布，进一步认为南极半岛地区可能发生过西向漂移。 相似文献
20.
利用1961—2015年中国冬季气温资料、中国气象局逐月北极海冰密集度指数资料和美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NCEP/NCAR)环流资料,采用滑动相关、时滞相关及偏相关等分析方法,探讨了秋季北极海冰对中国冬季气温的影响。结果表明,秋季北极海冰改变了后期冬季西西伯利亚高压和华北高压强弱,导致我国西北地区和长江与黄河之间地区冬季气温异常。进一步分析发现,西北地区冬季气温的异常主要是受西西伯利亚高压影响,而长江与黄河之间冬季气温的异常主要是受华北高压影响。而秋季北极海冰通过改变后期冬季欧亚中高纬度环流,进一步影响高原地区冬季气温。 相似文献