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1.
哈达山水利枢纽对第二松花江下游地区汞污染的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过调查第二松花江10个典型断面沉积物、江水中总汞及江水中不同形态的汞浓度,研究了建坝对于库区汞污染的影响。建坝之后,由于水文条件改变,悬移质发生沉降,库区沉积物中汞浓度将会增加,库区会变成汞的汇。库区下游出水处江水汞浓度将降低至0.032 μg/L。每年通过推移质输沙向库区输入约4.37 kg汞,通过悬移质输沙向库区输入约856.8 kg汞。由于输沙的影响,每年将会在库区形成厚约1.23 cm的沉积物。库区上游沉积物的再悬浮、水库淹没区汞的溶出,对库区汞通量影响不大。 相似文献
2.
The article considers the long-term(1941–2018) transformation of the Krasnodar valley reservoir, the largest in the North Caucasus. The main functions of the Krasnodar reservoir are irrigation of rice systems and flood protection of land in the Krasnodar reservoir region and the Republic of Adygea. According to topographic maps, Landsat satellite images(1974–2018) and field observations(2016–2018), four stages of transformation of the floodplain reservoir are identified. The selected stages are characterized by both natural causes(the transformation of the filling deltas into the extended deltas, etc.) and man-made causes(runoff diversions in the delta areas, etc.). The key factor of transformation is the formation of deltas of rivers flowing into the reservoir. Each of the selected stages, against the background of a gradual reduction in the area and volume of the reservoir, is characterized by the peculiarities of the formation of river deltas with the formation of genetically homogeneous sections of delta regions. During the period of operation of the reservoir, the delta of the main Kuban River moved up to 32.4 km and took away an area of 35.4 km~2 of the reservoir. During the formation of the deltas of the Kuban and Belaya rivers, a bridge was formed on the Krasnodar reservoir. The evolution of the delta regions led to the division of the reservoir into two autonomous reservoirs. The total area of the delta regions was 85.9 km~2 by 2018, i.e., 21% of the initial area of the reservoir. The transformation of the Krasnodar reservoir leads to a decrease in its regulated volume and gradual degradation. 相似文献
3.
Natural Resources Research - Recognition of reservoir quality is an important objective in reservoir characterization process. By definition, the quality of a reservoir is described by its... 相似文献
4.
早第三纪的东濮凹陷是一个典型的盐湖含油气盆地。与传统的“干盐湖”理论沉积模式相比 ,东濮凹陷下第三系沉积组合明显具有砂岩储集层层薄而且少的特点。作者讨论了在高分辨率层序地层研究基础上 ,使用地震岩性反演技术等方法预测东濮凹陷古盐湖沉积超薄储集层分布的实例。在层序地层解释的基础上 ,利用稳定泥岩的区域展布特点 ,使用JASON软件系统的储层反演功能可预测潜在的储集层分布情况 ,追踪含油气砂岩储集层的展布特征 ,预测文西斜坡的储集层展布。 相似文献
5.
利用龙滩水库贵州库区及其周边10个气象站1961～2010年气象资料,采用线性倾向估计方法对贵州库区的年平均气温、降水量、日照时数、相对湿度做变化趋势分析,采用秩和检验方法对各要素比值的平均值进行水库蓄水前后差异性分析。结果表明：贵州库区年平均降水量和日照时数较常年偏多,其变化趋势主要是大尺度大气环流影响造成的,水库影响不明显;水库蓄水后,使近库区年平均气温降低,年平均相对湿度增大,水库对年平均气温产生影响的最大距离在14～17 km,而对年平均相对湿度产生影响的最大距离〈14 km。 相似文献
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Radwan Ahmed E. Nabawy Bassem S. Kassem Ahmed A. Hussein Walid S. 《Natural Resources Research》2021,30(2):1667-1696
Waterflooding is one of the most common secondary recovery methods in the oil and gas industry. Globally, this process sometimes suffers a technical failure and inefficiency. Therefore, a better understanding of geology, reservoir characteristics, rock typing and discrimination, hydraulic flow units, and production data is essential to analyze reasons and mechanisms of water injection failure in the injection wells. Water injection failure was reported in the Middle Miocene Hammam Faraun reservoir at El Morgan oil field in the Gulf of Suez, where two wells have been selected as injector’s wells. In the first well (A1), the efficiency of injection was not good, whereas in the other analog A2 well good efficiency was assigned. Therefore, it is required to assess the injection loss in the low efficiency well, where all aspects of the geological, reservoir and production data of the studied wells were integrated to get a complete vision for the reasons of injection failure. The available data include core analysis data (vertical and horizontal permeabilities, helium porosity, bulk density, and water and oil saturations), petrographical studies injection and reservoir water chemistry, reservoir geology, production, and injection history. The quality of the data was examined and a set of reliable X–Y plots between the available data were introduced and the reservoir quality in both wells was estimated using reservoir quality index, normalized porosity index, and flow zone indicator. Integration and processing of the core and reservoir engineering data indicate that heterogeneity of the studied sequence was the main reason for the waterflooding inefficiency at the El Morgan A1 well. The best reservoir quality was assigned to the topmost part of the reservoir, which caused disturbance of the flow regime of reservoir fluids. Therefore, it is clearly indicated that rock typing and inadequate injection perforation strategy that has not been aligned with accurate hydraulic flow units are the key control parameters in the waterflooding efficiency.
相似文献8.
试析湖北丹江口库区产业结构调整 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
随着我国南水北调中线工程的实施，丹江口库区的经济，社会发展进入了一个新的历史时期，通过对该库区20世纪90年代以来推行大农业及产业化发展实践的研究，寻找其产业构成与调整的规律性特征，从而为构建适宜的库区产业发展机制提供一定的理论依据。在研究过程中，主要运用了定性与定量分析相结合，纵向比较与横向比较相结合，实地调查与文献查考相结合的方法，通过研究，归纳出了库区产业结构调整的共时性，基础性，协调性和脆弱性四大特征，进而概括出了构建库区产业结构调整的三点启示。 相似文献
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福建水口水电站库区的塌岸问题 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从环境地质角度,对水口库区的塌岸问题,即库岸再造现象进行监测研究,并对塌岸发展的最终宽度,稳定时间历程进行预测,为水电工程移民安置,库区开发建设提供借鉴。 相似文献
11.
黄河上游的龙羊峡水利枢纽位于青海省共和盆地 ,盆地内以高寒干旱为主要特征的气候导致这里的生物—土地系统较为脆弱。近年来 ,随着人口的增加 ,对土地的掠夺式利用日甚 ,生态环境恶化有加重的趋势。共和盆地各种环境问题集中分布于龙羊峡库区。库区内土地沙漠化、草场退化、水土流失等环境问题与当地农牧民的贫因、草场超牧、滥采滥樵相互影响 ,成一恶性循环机制 ,严重影响着龙羊峡水库的正常运营及其下游地区的安全 ,制约着龙羊峡水库周边民族地区经济的可持续发展。利用国家自然科学基金项目“龙羊峡库区环境遥感动态监测系统”中所获近十年来龙羊峡库区环境恶化的有关证据 ,用持续发展的观点 ,对龙羊峡库区土地资源的持续利用提出了一些见解 ,认为库区生态环境治理和保护是当前区内经济发展的最迫切要求 ,文章中所提的土地可持续利用原则皆围绕此而进行 相似文献
12.
Natural Resources Research - Rock physics has proven its credibility for the quantitative seismic interpretation of reservoir and reservoir characterization. In this study, we implemented K-means... 相似文献
13.
丹江口库区产业发展条件下的生态安全研究——以河南省淅川县辖丹江口水库库区为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
南水北调中线工程是我国全面建设小康社会和实现可持续发展战略的重要基础设施.保证水质达标是工程建设成败的关键,这对调水源头丹江口水库库区的生态环境提出了更高的要求.以河南省浙川县辖丹江口库区为例,研究丹江口库区的生态安全,从库区生态安全的状况出发,分析了主要影响因素,研究提出了实现库区生态安全的建设内容和措施. 相似文献
14.
中国高度城市化区域水源地环境安全问题较突出,同时环境安全管理技术手段落后,无法满足管理需求。为了解决这一问题,文章以深圳某水库为例探讨了高度城市化区域水库水源地环境安全管理信息系统的功能需求和开发方案,并基于GIS技术开发了具有多种功能的城区水库水源地环境安全管理信息系统。经实际应用,识别出深圳某水库水源地主要风险源为库尾截污闸、沙湾路水库段、大望桥段、丹沙路桥段;水源地敏感带除在一级水源保护区内有分布外,主要是分布在二级水源保护区内,甚至在距水库较远的二级水源保护区内的一些区域也被识别为敏感地带,该系统可弥补饮用水水源保护区划分方法的不足,用于辅助水源保护区的监管决策;主要风险源发生污染事故时,污染物最快约20 h可到达坝前取水口处;利用实测小时降雨量实现了库尾截污闸处洪峰和开闸泄洪过程,以及泄洪污染物在水库中的迁移扩散过程预报;通过现场视频监控和水质在线监测实现了水源地环境的实时监控。应用结果表明,该系统实用性强,可为高度城市化区域水库水源地环境安全管理提供有效的决策支持。 相似文献
15.
基于Logistic回归模型的北京市水库湿地演变驱动力分析 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
水库湿地作为北京市面积最大的人工湿地,是北京市重要的生态基础设施。从自然环境和社会经济因素两个方面,构建北京市水库湿地演变的驱动因子指标体系,其中自然驱动因子包括年均降水量、气温、入境水量和地下水埋深;社会经济驱动因子包括常住人口数、城市化率和人均GDP。应用长时间序列(1984-2010 年) 的TM遥感影像,提取北京市近30 年来水库湿地的空间分布信息,根据湿地面积增长和消退的演变规律,利用Logistic 回归模型定量分析不同时间段下水库湿地演变的驱动机制。结果表明:不同时期内水库湿地变化的驱动因子及其影响力存在一定的差异。在1984-1998 年间,北京市水库湿地增长变化的主导驱动因子是年均降水量和入境水量,Logistic 回归的贡献率分别为5.778 和3.504,主要受自然环境因素的影响;在1998-2004 年期间,水库湿地急剧减少的驱动因子主要为常住人口、地下水埋深和城市化率,影响贡献率分别为9.41、9.18 和7.77,人为活动的影响开始加剧;在2004-2010 年间,影响水库湿地发生变化的主导因子是城市化率和年均降水量,贡献率分别为6.62 和4.22,受自然和社会经济因素的交叉影响。 相似文献
16.
This note analyzes the change in water renewal time characteristics based on res-ervoir action and then establishes calculation models for the water renewal time in the Yellow River mainstream. The results indicate that the amount of renewable water with reservoir action can meet the annual water demand and that water flows naturally at the Lijin station near estuary. Initial storage dynamics is an important factor in water resource renewable capacity at a certain time, and rational reservoir action can promote sustainable water re-source utilization. When the initial storages in the Longyang Gorge reservoir are 9.343 and 5.343 billion m3, the water renewal times are 28 and 33.9 d, respectively. Flow stoppage ap-pears in April and May. 相似文献
17.
三峡库区耕地变化研究 总被引：23，自引：2，他引：21
三峡工程是世界性的伟大工程,三峡工程的兴建推动了三峡库区的经济发展.在三峡库区经济发展的过程中,耕地成为经济发展的重要资源.本文利用三峡库区1990~2004年的耕地面积和社会经济资料,采用统计分析与实证研究的方法,分析了三峡库区耕地变化的过程,了解库区耕地变化的驱动力,探寻了耕地数量模拟预测的新方法,为库区耕地的保护和经济可持续发展提供参考.结果表明：(1)三峡库区15年来耕地面积及人均耕地面积呈减少的趋势,不同的库区段也如此;(2)三峡库区历年耕地面积与对应年人均GDP的关系曲线呈倒"U"型,并且相关年份耕地的变化与GDP的变化不同步,呈现相对脱钩的状态,三峡库区耕地的变化与城市化的发展及退耕政策休戚相关;(3)在库区耕地模拟预测研究中表明,传统的多元线性回归分析方法的模拟精度不及BP神经网络的模拟精度,并利用BP神经网络预测了三峡库区2010年和2015年的耕地面积,其预测结果具有一定的合理性. 相似文献
18.
Evolution of steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) steam chambers in heavy oil and bitumen reservoirs is tied to uniformity
of steam pressure and quality along the length of the perforated interval of the well and reservoir geology and fluid properties
adjacent to the well. If the reservoir geology has poor permeability at an interval along the wellpair, then steam delivery
to and fluids production from the reservoir is not uniform. If the steam is well distributed throughout the injection well,
then the key factor for a uniform steam chamber along the wellpair is reservoir geology. This is especially important in highly
heterogeneous, variable thickness reservoirs where geology and reservoir oil composition may vary significantly over the length
of a wellpair. Heterogeneity of a growing SAGD steam chamber is related to heterogeneity of the underlying geology. In this
study the oil sands models are geostatistically populated to model spatial heterogeneity of permeability. The temperature
profile (chamber growth), steam chamber height, conductive, convective, and total heat fluxes have been examined in each case.
The results reveal that the length scales of steam chamber growth depend on the permeability heterogeneity. This provides
a means to decide length scales for placement of in-well control devices in steam injectors in SAGD. 相似文献
19.
Despite their direct links to human use, reservoirs are not widely utilised, relative to natural lakes, for deriving sediment
histories. One explanation is the complex sedimentation patterns observed in water storages. Here a highly unusual combination
of sedimentary records is used to determine the sedimentation history of Kangaroo Creek Reservoir, South Australia. We compare
contiguous high resolution (0.5 cm sampling interval) diatom records from an almost 1.3 m core extracted from the bottom of
the reservoir and from a 0.4 m monolith of sediment perched 15 m above the reservoir bottom on a disused bridge that was submerged
following initial reservoir filling in 1970. The diatom histories are supplemented by evidence provided by other indicators,
most notably radionuclide concentrations and ratios. Interestingly, despite the fact that the reservoir has been >20 m deep
for more than 70% of its recorded history, distinct sections of the reservoir bottom core, but not the bridge monolith, are
dominated by non-planktonic diatoms. We attribute the occurrences of these phases to inflows that occur following heavy catchment
rains at times when the reservoir is drawn down. These characteristic sections have, in turn, been used to refine the site’s
chronology. Despite having a length of almost 1.3 m, a variety of data suggests that the core has not recovered pre-reservoir
sediment, but rather spans the period from 1981 (11 years after first filling) to 2001, when the core was extracted. It is
clear, therefore, that sediments in the bottom of the reservoir are accumulating rapidly (>7 cm year−1), although more than 40% of this deposition occurs in less than 5% of the time. It appears that in the period 1996–2001,
quiescent sedimentation rates, both in the perched bridge locality and on the reservoir bottom, slowed in response to reduced
stream flow. Our findings indicate that, with caution, complex patterns of sedimentation in water storages can be disentangled.
However, it was difficult to precisely correlate diatom sequences from the two records even in periods of quiescent sedimentation,
suggesting that reservoir bottom diatom sequences should be interpreted with considerable caution. Furthermore, while storm-derived
inflows such as those identified may deliver a substantial proportion of sediment and phosphorus load to storages, the ensuing
deposition patterns may render much of the phosphorus unavailable to the overlying waters. 相似文献
20.
采集了福建省山仔水库和杜塘水库的冬季沉积物,采用显微镜观察和荧光分析方法,对不同深度沉积物叶绿素a的含量以及微藻的丰度进行了分析．研究结果表明,山仔水库沉积物表层叶绿素a含量达到4692ng／g底泥干重,微藻的丰度为33．79×10^6Cells／g底泥干重,其中蓝藻门的丰度为6．77×10^6Cells／g底泥干重;... 相似文献