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1.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(1):49-55
Stability of levees is critical to the safety of human and structures, especially at high water levels. Levees may fail due to the existence of soft soil foundations or seepage of water through the levees or rapid drawdown. Deep mixing technology has been considered one of the good alternatives to solve foundation and seepage problems while geosynthetics can be used to stabilize slopes during rapid drawdown. Studies have shown that deep mixed columns and geosynthetics can increase the stability of highway embankments over soft soils. In those studies, however, no ponding water exists on either side of the embankment, which is not the case for levees. Experimental studies have shown that deep mixed columns under a combination of vertical and horizontal force could fail due to shear or tension/bending or rotation. A finite difference method, incorporated in the FLAC (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua) Slope software, and a limit equilibrium method (specifically Bishop's method), incorporated in the ReSSA software, were adopted in this study to investigate the stability of the levee with ponding water or under rapid drawdown. In this study, deep mixed columns were installed in continuous wall patterns, which were modeled as 2D deep mixed walls. Geosynthetic layers were modeled using cable elements with grout properties between geosynthetic and soil in the numerical analysis. Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria were used for the levee, the soft soil, and the deep mixed walls. The stability of a levee at different stages (end of construction, average service condition, high water surge, and rapid drawdown from the service condition and the highest water level condition) was examined. The study clearly demonstrated that the deep mixed walls can enhance the stability of the levee by providing shear/moment resistance and hindering seepage through the levee and geosynthetics can enhance the riverside slope stability of the levee by providing tensile resistance to the soil. 相似文献
2.
Wen-Chao Huang Hong-Wen Yu 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2016,10(4):269-279
In this study, the failure mechanisms for Chiuliao 1st Levee and Gueishan Levee in Taiwan were re-examined comprehensively considering the uncertainty of different parameters. Results have shown that for Chiuliao 1st Levee, the slope sliding failure has a higher coefficient of variation (COV). For Gueishan Levee, retaining wall sliding and overturning failure have higher values of COV instead. It can also be found that the scouring depths affect the stability of the levee significantly, therefore, a protecting system for the backfill material may be necessary to increase the stability of the levee effectively. 相似文献
3.
Stability of a levee and its foundation soil during flood is governed by seepage forces. In this study, the seepage forces in the flow domain have been determined using conformal mapping technique. Stability of foundation soil has been studied for a levee with and without cut-off wall on permeable soil of infinite depth. In situ effective normal and shear stresses due to self-weight, additional induced stresses due to levee structure and ponded water on upstream sloping face have been determined by assuming soil to be elastic. Besides, components of seepage stress acting at a point on two orthogonal planes, i.e., on vertical and horizontal planes, are considered and the Mohr’s circle is drawn. Mohr–Coulomb failure envelope is drawn for the foundation soil with known effective cohesion ( $c^{\prime}_{1}$ c 1 ′ ) and angle of internal friction ( $\varphi^{\prime}_{1}$ φ 1 ′ ), and then the stability of the foundation soil has been assessed. Probable zone of general shear failure considering seepage flow has been identified. Zones vulnerable to foundation failure for different width of levee and depth of cut-off wall have been computed. The hydraulic unstable zone in downstream side of the levee resembles a log spiral. The provision of cut-off wall restricts the progress of failure zone only in the downstream side; otherwise, the zone of failure will enter the foundation of the levee. The stability of the foundation soil of an existing ring levee along the rivers Ganga, Sone and Punpun, near Patna (India), has been evaluated. 相似文献
4.
以板桥河左岸堤防加固工程为背景,提出了一条基于确定性渗流有限元进行堤防渗透破坏风险分析的途径,并对板桥河堤防渗透破坏风险进行了分析研究,根据分析结果对堤防渗透稳定性进行了评价。所采用研究方法发挥了有限元的优点,能够模拟堤防场地土层实际分布情况,较准确地计算洪水位下运行堤防背水面水力坡降。根据“端点组合-单调性法”理论和“3?”法则,通过1995年堤防典型破圩实例建立起整个堤防的抗渗临界水力坡降、渗透破坏风险率的临界值以及堤防汛期防渗的警戒水位,对整个板桥河堤防渗透稳定性评价工作具有非常重要的意义,其分析方法以及研究思路可供同类堤防工程的渗透稳定性评价工作借鉴。 相似文献
5.
复杂应力状态下土质高边坡稳定性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
结合现有的实际滑坡场地,开展了关中盆地黄土塬边的高边坡稳定性研究。基于弹塑性理论和非关联流动法则,根据双剪统一强度理论,建立了双剪统一弹塑性本构模型的显式有限差分格式。针对陕西省泾阳县南塬高边坡滑坡的现场勘测和室内试验,分析了滑坡的规模和滑坡前后的地形特征。在此基础上,还原了滑坡前的边坡地形概状,建立三维计算模型并运用三维拉格朗日有限差分方法分析了中间主应力对高边坡稳定性的影响;然后考虑中间主应力的影响对不同地下水埋深和渗流时边坡的稳定性进行分析。结果表明,考虑中间主应力情况下,随着地下水位升高,坡顶水平向位移增大;当不考虑渗流时,坡顶水平位移增大到一定值后边坡达到稳定状态,而考虑渗流时坡顶水平位移持续增大,并且容易发生突然的破坏失稳。期望对泾阳南塬滑坡群的破坏机制研究提供一定参考。 相似文献
6.
基于国内外研究现状和岩质滑坡案例,总结出岩质滑坡的水力致灾机制,归纳考虑水力作用下的岩质斜坡主要失稳破坏模式,评述了岩质斜坡稳定性分析方法。岩质滑坡的水力致灾机制主要由于水对滑体产生的静水压力（岩体侧面的推力、滑面的扬压力和岩体的浮力）和动水压力（向坡外的渗透力）作用。从渗流—应力耦合的角度可较全面评价水渗流对坡体稳定性的影响。斜坡的岩体结构决定了水力作用方式和坡体的失稳破坏形式,考虑水力作用下的岩质斜坡失稳破坏形式主要有:顺层滑动、平推式滑动、楔形体滑移和危岩的崩塌。对于水力作用下岩质斜坡的稳定性分析方法主要有极限平衡法、有限元强度折减法、基于断裂力学的危岩稳定性分析法和渗流—应力耦合模型分析法,其中前两种方法应用较为广泛。 相似文献
7.
基于分层边坡在水位涨落时发生滑坡的模拟实验,简要描述了实验中的主要现象,计算了实验模拟的分层坡体内与水位变化直接相关的动态渗流场、孔隙水压力场与渗透速度场分布。根据计算结果,对水位变化导致坡体变形失稳的机理进行了分析,为这类分层边坡滑坡的治理提供了依据。 相似文献
8.
基于强度折减法的三维边坡稳定性与破坏机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于强度折减技术的三维弹塑性有限元法是当前较为有效的边坡稳定性评价方法,但很少应用于复杂地质环境及负载条件下的三维边坡稳定性与破坏机制分析。拓展这一方法,利用典型算例,探讨了单元尺寸、边界条件、土体强度、局部超载和地震荷载等因素对三维边坡稳定性及潜在滑动面的影响;在此基础上,着重研究含软弱夹层及地下水的复杂三维边坡在负载条件（坡顶局部超载及地震荷载）下的破坏模式及滑动机制。结果表明：随着黏聚力的增加,潜在滑坡体的剪出位置远离坡脚,滑坡后沿远离坡肩,滑坡深度加深;坡顶超载强度较低时,边坡表现为整体破坏模式,而高超载强度下表现为局部地基破坏;考虑地下水后边坡的稳定性显著下降,且潜在滑动面加深,滑坡体体积有所增大。含软弱夹层的三维边坡,其潜在滑动面呈折线型,当受超载作用时,其破坏模式和滑动机制与地震荷载作用下不同:前者为竖向剪切和水平错动的联合作用,而后者为软弱夹层水平错动起主导作用。 相似文献
9.
根据洞庭湖区堤防地质特征,建立二元结构堤基堤内压盖模型。基于渗流有限元理论和虚单元固定网格法,编制了堤内压盖渗流有限元程序。通过在压盖上方增加大量强透水性空气单元的方式,解决了压盖渗流计算中经常遇到的2次入渗问题。同时,研究了压盖宽度对防渗效果的影响,得到在堤内有、无水塘的情况下压盖宽度与堤内最大渗透坡降的影响曲线,指出影响曲线主要呈线性变化的趋势,并提出了用于确定临界压盖宽度的临界破坏点法,该法以压盖宽度-堤内最大渗透坡降影响曲线的延长线与天然覆盖层的允许渗透坡降线的交点作为临界破坏点,临界破坏点左侧的堤内区域为可能破坏区域,需要压盖加固;右侧为安全区域,不需加固。临界破坏点法的应用,大幅度地减小了有限元计算模型,避免了多次重复的有限元计算,显著地提高了计算效率,与规范、有限差分等传统方法相比优势明显。 相似文献
10.
为研究间歇型降雨作用下缓倾堆积层斜坡的变形破坏特征,以樱桃沟滑坡为例,进行了降雨作用下斜坡变形破坏的物理模拟研究。试验结果表明：前期降雨作用下坡体变形特征表现为前缘滑移沉陷、中部滑移、后缘沉陷、坡体裂缝生成,且前缘裂缝扩张明显,后期降雨作用下坡脚区域首先发生滑塌,然后依次向后缘传递发生逐阶滑塌破坏;降雨入渗易在基岩面上储存,形成暂态地下水位、高孔隙水压力区域和坡向渗流场,基岩面附近土体饱水时间长,软化程度高,抗剪强度弱化显著,边坡易沿基覆界面土层发生滑坡;坡体滑动易发生在降雨间歇期,触发特征表现为雨后坡体暂态饱和区水分和坡表积水持续下渗,导致地下水位上升滞后于降雨,造成坡体内浮托力、渗透力和孔隙水压力增大,有效应力降低,诱发滑坡。 相似文献
11.
尾矿坝垮塌机制与溃决模式试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于云南拉拉铜矿小打鹅尾矿库工程设计资料,采用现场排放尾矿砂为试验材料,进行了尾矿堆积坝在洪水情况下发生垮塌破坏的模型试验。通过水流控制系统模拟尾矿坝遭遇洪水情况,采用侧面示踪点、水位测压管、应力传感器以及数码摄像机等设备获得了尾矿坝溃决过程中坝坡的位移矢量演化、浸润线与应力的变化特性以及坝体破坏发展过程,揭示了洪水作用下尾矿坝的垮塌机制和溃决模式。试验结果发现：尾矿堆积坝的浸润线变化存在滞后性;在洪水入库致库区最高设计洪水水位过程中,靠近坝坡中部处水平方向的总应力增量较垂向总应力增量大,增大的水平应力是坝体产生破坏的重要因素之一;洪水导致坝坡尾矿砂所受的渗透力、上浮力、重力以及孔隙水压力增大,削弱了坝体材料的黏聚力,并加大了自身荷载,降低了坝体的稳定性;尾矿坝溃决模式一般为逆流渐进型,破坏先是从坡脚处发生,继而向上游发展,呈现牵引式发展,破坏的滑动面由多个弧形滑移面构成。研究成果加深了对尾矿堆积坝垮塌机制和溃决模式的认识,并在洪水灾害的预防和控制方面作了一些新的探索 相似文献
12.
水力和超载条件下锚固岩石边坡动态稳定性拟静力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于极限平衡理论,综合考虑水力条件、坡顶超载、地震荷载效应和锚固效应对岩石边坡进行了全面的稳定性分析。计算给出了多影响因素条件下岩石边坡稳定性安全系数的表达式,并重点分析了几种相关参数组合对岩石边坡稳定性的影响。分析表明,坡顶张拉裂缝积水、地下水渗流作用、滑面出流缝被堵塞、地震影响效应不利于岩石边坡抗滑稳定性,而锚索锚固效应则对提高边坡抗滑稳定性有积极作用;坡顶张拉裂缝积水、滑面出流缝被堵塞、水平向地震影响效应都不利于岩石边坡抗倾覆稳定性,但锚索锚固效应、坡顶超载、与竖直方向地震效应则对提高边坡抗倾覆稳定性有益。最后针对工程实际,提出了相应的工程建议。 相似文献
13.
Partially submerged c′ − φ′ slopes with a horizontal water table exhibit a critical pool level at which the factor of safety becomes a minimum. The phenomenon was first identified using finite element methods, but in this paper, a more thorough analytical investigation is presented. The approach described herein assumes a rigid block sliding with a circular failure mechanism, combined with optimization software to identify the critical circle. The method is initially validated against known slope solutions that assume circular and log-spiral mechanisms and shown to give excellent agreement, especially for flatter slopes. The method is then applied to partially submerged slopes with a focus on the critical pool level. Through detailed investigation of the overturning and restoring moments in the stability analyses, the critical pool level phenomenon is shown to lie in the trade-off between the destabilizing effects of internal pore pressures on soil strength and the stabilizing effect of external hydrostatic water pressures on the slope surface. 相似文献
14.
Mechanism and failure process of Qianjiangping landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir,China 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
The Qianjiangping landslide is a large planar rock slide which occurred in July 14, 2003 shortly after the water level reached 135 m in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. The landslide destroyed 4 factories and 129 houses, took 24 lives, and made 1,200 people homeless. Field investigation shows that the contributing factors for the landslide are the geological structure of the slope, the previous surface of rupture, the water level rise, and continuous rainfall. In order to reveal the mechanism and failure process of the landslide, numerical simulation was conducted on Qianjiangping slope before sliding. Based on the characteristics and the engineering conditions of the landslide, the topography and the geological profiles of Qianjiangping slope before sliding is reconstructed. The seepage field of Qianjiangping slope before sliding was simulated with the Geostudio software. The results show that ground water table rises and bends to the slope during the rise of water level, and the slope surface becomes partially saturated within the period of continuous rainfall. Using the ground water table obtained above, the failure process of Qianjiangping slope is simulated with the Flac3D software. The results demonstrate that the shear strain increment, displacement, and shear failure area of the slope increased greatly after the water level rose and continuous rained, and the landslide was triggered by the combined effect both of water level rise and continuous rainfall. The development of shear strain increment, displacement, and shear failure area of the slope shows that the landslide was retrogressive in the lower part of the slope and progressive in the upper part of the slope. 相似文献
15.
A Review of the Study of Loess Slump 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
There has widely developed a specific kind of landslide-loess slump in the north of loess plateau in China, which is different from loess slide or loess fall because of the high sandy ingredient in loess. Due to the weak cement of sandy loess, the slump shows some other features than “typical” loess landslide. In distribution scopes, it often occurres in sandy loess belt, beyond that there are clay loess belt and silty clay loess belt. Due to the extreme shortage of land resources, the local people often choose the concave banks of valley as the cave dwellings sites whereas the convex banks are kept to develop agriculture. Generally, the concave banks have already been eroded much by rivers which makes the level stress of the slope release. However, the excavation for constructions reduces the level stress furthermore. Therefore, it causes the shear stress increase at the feet of the slope. The equilibrium state of the slope is destroyed, and then the failure occurres. The triggering factors of loess slump include rainfall, freeze thawing, freeze swelling, excavation, etc. In fact, these factors often comprehensively affect the slumps. In terms of their deformation and failure mechanism, scientists put forward different views, which include falling firstly and sliding secondly, sliding firstly and fall secondly, from middle parts rupture extending to top and bottom, and integrated sliding and falling. The nearest research implies that the failure mechanism be the bottom shearing failure and then the top tension failure. Referring to the failure mechanism at a micro level, few researches have been done to this kind of landslide. Future studies should investigate the triggering factors widely and deeply, summarize the characteristics of the deformation and failure, apply the numerical and physical simulation methods comprehensively, build up the geological-mechanic model, analyze and clarify the deformation and failure mechanisms quantitatively on the basis of strain and stress relationship, and study the failure mechanisms on a micro level. 相似文献
16.
Rainfall is considered as one of the paramount factors for slope failures in many regions around the world, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. To study the effect of rainfall storm and its duration on the stability of slopes with a thin soft band layer, a 2D seepage numerical analysis and experimental investigation were implemented on an unsaturated model, consisting of clayey sand soils with a thin soft layer inclined to the horizontal level by 30° at a slope angle of 50°. It was subjected to intensive rainfall 20 mm/h for 8 h. Positive pore water pressures and horizontal earth pressures were monitored during the rainstorm using sensors distributed inside the experimental model. Both the experimental and numerical simulation results showed that the stability of the slope decreased during the time of the rainfall storm. Infiltration of rainwater resulted in reduction of soil shear strength, due to the loss occurring in soil suction after 1 h of rainstorm; the tension cracks appeared at the top of the slope and a certain displacement was observed in the sliding blocks. During the time of rainstorm, the infiltrated water flowed out from the slope through the weak interlayer near to the toe causing piping and local failure, so the formed cracks at the top of slope grew and expanded due to sliding of the failed soil blocks. Moreover, the ground water table rose and the positive pore water pressures increased, resulting in a reduction of effective stress, which is considered as a main factor in soil shear strength. A surface runoff was also present following the full saturation of the slope, leading to dragging the fine particles with water flow causing erosion. The combination of piping and erosion effects led to a quick local failure at the toe, as well as sliding of the failed blocks and spreading of the cracks. 相似文献
17.
为了扩大可用耕地面积,延安地区开展了一系列的治沟造地工程,在填方坡体与原始坡体之间形成了接触界面,这类界面潜在影响着填方坡体的渗流变形破坏。针对延安地区治沟造地工程黄土填方边坡已有的和潜在的变形破坏问题,通过室内黄土边坡降雨模型试验,研究了界面对黄土填方坡体渗流特性与变形破坏的影响规律,揭示了界面渗流影响下填方边坡的破... 相似文献
18.
This study investigates the causes and failure mechanism of the Aksu landslide that occurred during the construction of the Giresun–Espiye road between KM: 1 + 030–1 + 170 in northern Turkey and recommends proper stabilization techniques. For the purpose of investigating the causes and mechanism of this slope failure, engineering geological mapping, geotechnical investigation and rock mass characterization were performed. From top to bottom, weathered tuffite, tuffite, flysch, and dacitic tuffite were the major units in the study area. The disturbance of the slope by the excavations performed at the toe of the slope (i.e., due to the foundation excavation for the Tünel restaurant building and for the road cut) led to a “translational slide”. The “translational slide” occurred in completely weathered tuffite due to the disturbance of the stability of the slope by the excavations performed at the toe of the slope, particularly for the foundation excavation of the Tünel restaurant building and for the road cut along the Giresun–Espiye road. The rise in the groundwater level was also another important factor that has contributed to the occurrence of the landslide. After establishing the geometry of the landslide in detail, the shear strength parameters of the failure surface were determined by the back analysis method. Sensitivity analyses were performed and landslide failure mechanisms were modeled to quantify the contributing factors that have caused the formation of the Aksu landslide. The influence of an earthquake was investigated through pseudostatic slope stability analysis. Toe buttressing, ground water drainage, and surface water drainage alternatives were considered for stabilizing the slope. 相似文献
19.
The stability of the slope around a flood discharge tunnel is influenced by the space topography, the geological structure, the seepage of the flood discharge tunnel, the rainfall and so on, which introduce complexity and uncertainty to the problem of slope engineering. For slope stability analysis at the outlet of a flood discharge tunnel affected by high interior hydraulic pressure, the inner water exosmosis (IWE) phenomenon will become obvious, the rock’s mechanical properties will be changed, and the seepage effects of the flood discharge tunnel should be focused on. In this paper, a complicated three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation and safety assessment of the slope around the flood discharge tunnel at Yangqu hydropower station is implemented in FLAC3D, and 3D slide arcs of good shape are obtained. When calculating the safety coefficient of slopes, the Shear Strength Reduction Technique (SSRT) is adopted, and a factor of safety (FOS) is then found. It is found that the FOS of the natural slope is 1.43 in its original condition, and in this case, the slope is in a stable state. The safety factor of the slope is 1.30 after the slope excavation without considering IWE. Under the condition of normal seepage from inside the tunnel to the outside, the safety factor is 1.29. For investigating the influence of IWE on the slope stability, we design three types of scenarios – minimal seepage, normal seepage and serious seepage – for the fluid–solid coupling calculation. Under the serious seepage condition, the safety factor of the slope is 1.26, and it is in a critical failure state. It should be pointed out that uncertainties in input parameters are not researched in this paper. There is not big difference among safety factors under different scenarios mainly because the maximum of inner water head of the flood discharge tunnel is only about 80 m. It still can be found that seepage action has an effect on the stability of the whole slope from calculation results. The stress concentrated region (SCR) near the surrounding rock grows from inside to outside as the seepage intensity increases. The surrounding rock will experience more water pressure and seepage pressure, and, at the same time, the area of the plastic zone grows. Suitable treatments and suggestions are discussed to eliminate the adverse effects of IWE. The research results in this paper can provide a reference for construction, reinforcement and drainage design of the slope in similar hydropower slope engineering scenarios. 相似文献
20.
In this study, an earth levee model is constructed to investigate the impact of animal burrows on the integrity and performance of earthen structures. A series of centrifuge experiments are conducted on homogenous scaled-down 1H:1V levee models built from the natural Kasama soil. Both intact and deteriorated models were subject to a 35g acceleration level. Invasive animal intrusions were introduced in the form of horizontal array of idealized cylindrical burrows at the mid-height of the levee. The water level was gradually increased during the centrifuge flight, and the response of the levee was monitored throughout the test. Pore pressures were recorded using pressure transducers placed at preselected locations within the model. Surface displacements were measured using laser LVDTs and supplemented with three digital cameras for tracking the overall deformation pattern of the levee model. A summary of the test procedure and selected results is presented herewith. The observed deformation mechanism due to the presence of animal burrows is also described. As compared with the intact levee, the presence of burrows is found to alter the pattern of the water flow through the deteriorated levee structure—leading to a notable increase in the exit hydraulic gradient, internal erosion, and subsequently slope failure. 相似文献