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1.
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
2.
A new concept concerning the structure and stages of evolution of the Kas Block of the West Siberian Plate is stated in this paper. The Kas Block is traditionally considered to be a subsided western margin of the Siberian Platform. The new concept is based on the results of the interpretation of the geophysical data recently obtained along the reference and regional profiles in this territory. The geological interpretation of the deep dynamic sections obtained by reprocessing of the CDP seismic reflection records has been performed for the first time. The structural features of the Kas Block, as well as the character of its junction with the Siberian Platform and the Paleozoic framework, are discussed. The tectonic scheme of the territory and the scheme of the pre-Late Devonian surface of the Kas Block have been compiled. The Baikalian age of the basement of the Kas Block is substantiated. The Salairian allochthonous ophiolite-basalt tectonic nappe is localized for the first time within the sedimentary cover of the Kas Block. The available information allowed us to reconstruct the development of the western margin of the Siberian continent in the Riphean and Early Paleozoic before and after the Baikalian Orogeny, respectively. The informational background of the geological and geophysical interpretation involves the results of the CDP seismic reflection profiling, including the deep dynamic seismic sections and parameters of the P-wave velocities along the reference 1-SB seismic line and the regional Vostok 10, 12, 15, and 16 seismic lines; the results of the deep seismic and magnetotelluric soundings; the gravity measurements; the magnetic exploration; and the new coherent physical geological models. 相似文献
3.
排沙漏斗的水沙分离性能取决于其流场特性,为了弄清楚悬板开孔对流场特性的影响,利用粒子图像测速技术和数值模拟方法,分别对悬板溢流段和非溢流段同时均匀布孔、仅在非溢流段布孔和无孔时的排沙漏斗流场特性开展研究。结果表明：①布孔位置不影响涡流性质但影响其强度,均匀布孔时涡流强度最小,不利于水沙离心分离;②无孔和仅在非溢流段布孔时的流场特性有利于泥沙径向输移、沉降和排出,均匀布孔径向速度和二次流流速减小不利于泥沙输移和排出;③仅在悬板非溢流段布孔时悬板表面速度大于其他方案,泥沙不易淤积于悬板。为减少悬板上的泥沙淤积量且同时要保证较高的泥沙截除率时可采用仅在悬板非溢流段布孔的方案优化悬板体型。 相似文献
4.
排沙漏斗的水沙分离性能取决于其流场特性,为了弄清楚悬板开孔对流场特性的影响,利用粒子图像测速技术和数值模拟方法,分别对悬板溢流段和非溢流段同时均匀布孔、仅在非溢流段布孔和无孔时的排沙漏斗流场特性开展研究。结果表明:①布孔位置不影响涡流性质但影响其强度,均匀布孔时涡流强度最小,不利于水沙离心分离;②无孔和仅在非溢流段布孔时的流场特性有利于泥沙径向输移、沉降和排出,均匀布孔径向速度和二次流流速减小不利于泥沙输移和排出;③仅在悬板非溢流段布孔时悬板表面速度大于其他方案,泥沙不易淤积于悬板。为减少悬板上的泥沙淤积量且同时要保证较高的泥沙截除率时可采用仅在悬板非溢流段布孔的方案优化悬板体型。 相似文献
5.
砂-泥岩界面是砂-泥岩互层储层水-岩相互作用的活跃地带。东营凹陷南坡沙四上亚段发育了广泛的滨浅湖滩坝沉积,储层碳酸盐胶结作用强烈,常在砂-泥岩界面富集形成致密胶结壳。综合利用钻井、物性及黏土矿物资料,结合铸体薄片观察,对储层碳酸盐胶结壳的发育规律及控制因素进行了系统的研究。碳酸盐具有多期胶结的特征,砂-泥岩接触界面处胶结物含量高,多为基底式胶结。向砂体内部胶结物含量逐渐减少,砂体中部胶结物含量少且相对稳定,以孔隙式胶结为主。半干旱碱性水体环境形成的滨浅湖泥岩中的高碳酸盐含量流体、泥岩黏土矿物转化和有机质演化析出有机-无机组分、碳酸盐胶结作用发生所需的可容空间、砂-泥岩之间的物质传递能力、砂体的厚度及岩相组合控制了储层胶结壳的发育程度。胶结壳对储层质量并非简单的"破坏性成岩作用",早期碳酸盐胶结对储层的抗压实效应以及致密层构成的异常压力系统对储层后期溶蚀孔隙的发育以及油气的充注和保存提供了有利的条件。 相似文献
6.
7.
The Klyuveskoi gabbro-ultramafic massif is the most representative ophiolite complex on the eastern portion of the Uralian
paleoisland arc part. The massif is composed of dunite-harzburgite (tectonized mantle peridotites) and dunite-wehrlite-clinopyroxenite-gabbro
(layered part of the ophiolite section) rock associations. The U-Pb age was obtained for the accessory zircons from the latter
association using a SHRIMP-II ion microprobe at the Center for Isotopic Research at the Karpinskii Russian Geological Research
Institute. The euhedral zircon crystals with thin rhythmic zoning from dunites are 441.4 ± 5.0 Ma in age. Zircons from olivine
clinopyroxenite show three age clusters with sharply prevalent grains 449.0 ± 6.8 Ma in age. Two points give 1.7 Ga, which
is probably related to the age of the mantle generating the layered complex. One value corresponds to 280 Ma, which possibly
reflects exhumation of ultramafic rocks in the upper crust during the collision of the Uralian foldbelt. Thus, dunites and
olivine pyroxenites from the Klyuchevskoi massif are similar in age at 441–449 Ma. The bottom of the layered part of the ophiolite
section corresponds to the M paleoboundary and, consequently, the age of the Mohorovicic discontinuity conforms with the Ordovician-Silurian
boundary in this part of the Urals. 相似文献
8.
花岗岩与混凝土胶结面抗剪强度的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
坐落在基岩上的重力式建筑物（重力坝、悬索桥的锚碇等）,依靠基岩与大体积混凝土接触面的摩擦力平衡巨大的水压力或锚索拉力。接触面的摩擦系数有很小的变化,需要混凝土的体积发生大的变化保持摩擦力不变,从而工程造价出现大的差别。针对润扬长江公路大桥南汊悬索桥锚碇接触面抗剪强度取值问题,采用室内控制粗糙度试验的方法,测试了不同风化程度和粗糙度的花岗岩与混凝土接触面的抗剪强度。结合现场编录和现场粗糙度测试结果,获得了混凝土与基岩胶结面摩擦角的分区和面积加权平均值,为锚碇的稳定验算提供了准确的数据。试验结果对其它重力式抗滑结构设计有参考价值。 相似文献
9.
北羌塘盆地中部上侏罗统研究新进展 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
北羌塘盆地腹地自然条件恶劣 ,地层研究难度极大。经在北羌塘盆地腹地东湖、河湾山、长水河及半岛湖等地进行了详细的岩石地层及生物地层研究工作 ,依据岩石特征和生物化石特征 ,将上侏罗统二分 :下部灰岩层为索瓦组 ,含 L acunosella triobatiformis- Pentithyris vulgaris、Radulopecten fibrosus- Gervillella aviculoides组合 ,其时限为牛津期 ;上部灰岩、碎屑岩互层为白龙冰河组 ,具 Radulopecten scarburgensis、R.moondanensis、Cladophylliaqeibulaensis、Stylosmilia chaputi化石 ,其主体时限为基默里奇期—提塘期 ,顶部可能跨入早白垩世。白龙冰河组的确立 ,是北羌塘盆地上侏罗统岩石地层与生物地层研究上一个新进展 相似文献
10.
The Taipinghu Bridge is an important project, and the safety of rock masses of its foundation is very crucial. This article analyzes the potential causes of the deformation of the rock masses of the bridge foundation, and uses the Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua to analyze the geologic model. The simulating process shows that no mater in the excavating process or in the loading process the rock masses are suit for the engineering. The modeling and analyzing process can be used for reference. 相似文献
11.
Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
12.
Doris Reischenbacher Reinhard F. Sachsenhofer 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,102(2):517-543
The Miocene Lavanttal Basin formed in the Eastern Alps during extrusion of crustal blocks towards the east. In contrast to basins, which formed contemporaneously along the strike-slip faults of the Noric Depression and on top of the moving blocks (Styrian Basin), little is known about the Lavanttal Basin. In this paper geophysical, sedimentological, and structural data are used to study structure and evolution of the Lavanttal Basin. The eastern margin of the 2-km-deep basin is formed by the WNW trending Koralm Fault. The geometry of the gently dipping western basin flank shows that the present-day basin is only a remnant of a former significantly larger basin. Late Early (Karpatian) and early Middle Miocene (Badenian) pull-apart phases initiated basin formation and deposition of thick fluvial (Granitztal Beds), lacustrine, and marine (Mühldorf Fm.) sediments. The Mühldorf Fm. represents the Lower Badenian cycle TB2.4. Another flooding event caused brackish environments in late Middle Miocene (Early Sarmatian) time, whereas freshwater environments existed in Late Sarmatian time. The coal-bearing Sarmatian succession is subdivided into four fourth-order sequences. The number of sequences suggests that the effect of tectonic subsidence was overruled by sea-level fluctuations during Sarmatian time. Increased relief energy caused by Early Pannonian pull-apart activity initiated deposition of thick fluvial sediments. The present-day shape of the basin is a result of young (Plio-/Pleistocene) basin inversion. In contrast to the multi-stage Lavanttal Basin, basins along the Noric Depression show a single-stage history. Similarities between the Lavanttal and Styrian basins exist in Early Badenian and Early Sarmatian times. 相似文献
13.
中二叠统下石盒子组盒8段为鄂尔多斯盆地东北部天然气的主产层位,其储集砂体受控于沉积相带的展布。通过对野外露头、岩心及测井曲线等综合分析,笔者认为研究区内主要以发育辫状河三角洲为特征,并对其沉积特征、影响其形成和发育的机理,以及岩相和砂体的展布特征进行深入研究。认为该区盒8段三角洲为辫状河-浅水型湖泊三角洲,在三角洲平原相区储集砂体为分流河道沉积;而在三角洲前缘相区则为水下分流河道沉积,河口坝、席状砂及远砂坝等沉积微相不发育。 相似文献
14.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(11):1963-1976
The granitoid intrusions are classified into nonmagnetic, weakly magnetic, and strongly Magnetic groups. Various characteristics of the intrusions are examined and an attempt is made to statistically relate these characteristics of the intrusions to the intensity of magnetization. The conclusionsreached are: 1) the intensity of magnetization is closely related to the tectonic environment of emplacement. Intrusions emplaced into residual massifs and fold belts where fracturing is common tend to be magnetic. Those emplaced in regions of prolonged subsidence where fracturing is not common tend to be nonmagnetic. 2) Petrography of the intrusion does not seem to affect magnetization; nor does thetype of country rock. 3) The most highly magnetic intrusions are those emplaced at a depth of about 1 km. The intensity of magnetization drops off sharply for those emplaced at depths less than 1 km; a more gradient drop off is noticed for those emplaced at depths greater than 1 km. 4) The intensity of magnetization is dependent upon the magnetic content in the intrusion. However, totaLiron oxide content is about the same in highly magnetic and nonmagnetic intrusions. 5) Tin deposits seem to be associated with nonmagnetic intrusions and gold deposits with magnetic intrusions. — J. R. Hayes. 相似文献
15.
笔者详细研究了扬子地台西缘宁蒗－盐边地区志留系岩石地层和牙形刺生物地层的特征，该岩系自下而上可建立3个牙形刺组合带：①Panderodus gracilis-Panderodus simplex组合带；②Pterospathodus celloni Walliser组合带；③Pterospathodus amorphognathoides Walliser组合带；从生物层学、沉积学和区域对比的角度对地层进行了重新划分，分析了Puetospathodus cellini Wal-liser带和Pterospathodus amorphognathoides Walliser带之间的相互重叠关系，并认为其相互关系为渐变演化关系，而不是突变关系；并对部健重要属种进行了措施。 相似文献
16.
花岗岩山体通常被认为是稳定性较好的地质体,但在青藏高原东部高寒高海拔山区,因冻融作用导致花岗岩体力学性质变差,崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害频发。针对青藏高原东部理塘和八宿地区的花岗岩开展了冻融循环力学试验,通过波速、核磁共振方法分析了岩石冻融过程中的损伤发展趋势。试验结果表明：岩石内部损伤程度随着冻融次数的增加而增加,岩石波速则随着冻融次数的增加而明显降低;从核磁共振T2弛豫时间分布的发展规律可以推断,天然条件下风化较严重的岩样经过冻融循环后裂隙尺寸范围进一步增大,而风化程度微小的岩石经过冻融后裂隙尺寸范围较为集中。对经过冻融循环后的岩样进行三轴压缩试验,结果表明岩石的单轴抗压强度和弹性模量随冻融次数增大而减小,而泊松比和内摩擦角没有表现出明显的变化规律。基于试验数据和理论分析,以八宿花岗岩为例,提出了冻融损伤本构模型,对不同围压和冻融循环次数条件下的岩石应力应变全过程进行模拟和预测。 相似文献
17.
A. S. Baluev 《Geotectonics》2006,40(3):183-196
The nearly parallel northwest-trending Onega-Kandalaksha, Kerets-Leshukonsky, and Barents paleorift zones located in the northeastern part of the East European Platform are interpreted as a common structural assemblage that was formed in the Middle-Late Riphean as a result of horizontal extension of the continental margin. Therefore, it is reasonable to combine these paleorift structural features into the common White Sea Rift System instead of subdividing them into two or more systems as done previously. The White Sea Rift System originated owing to the breakup of the ancient Paleopangea supercontinent 1300–1240 Ma ago. The latter event occurred as a result of the divergence of the Baltia and Laurentia continental plates that most probably was caused by mantle spreading within the hot equatorial belt of the Earth. The diffuse rifting of that time occurred in the form of near-parallel rifts developing progressively from the inner part of the continental plate toward its margin. A pericratonic sedimentary basin eventually formed at the passive margin of Baltia as a system of roughly parallel rift zones. The geologic and geophysical data show that the passive margin of the East European Platform formed in the Riphean, a phenomenon that corresponds with a model of large-scale extension of the lithosphere after the stage of early ocean-floor spreading. In the course of this process, the brittle upper crust was detached from the ductile lower crust. The geodynamic regime of the Riphean passive margin of the East European Platform probably was similar to the regime of the present-day Atlantic-type passive margins. The White Sea Rift System differs from the transverse Mid-Russian Paleorift System both in origin and age. The Mid-Russian Paleorift System is considered to have formed in the Late Riphean as a result of transtension along a mobile zone in the ancient basement. The lithosphere of northeastern Fennoscandia has experienced horizontal extension since the Middle Riphean, a phenomenon that is closely related to the evolution of the White Sea Rift System, i.e., to the formation of the passive margin of the Baltia continent. 相似文献
18.
Crustal structure of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau from the Songpan-Ganzi terrane to the Ordos basin 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
Mingjun Liu Walter D. Mooney Songlin Li Nihal Okaya Shane Detweiler 《Tectonophysics》2006,420(1-2):253
The 1000-km-long Darlag–Lanzhou–Jingbian seismic refraction profile is located in the NE margin of the Tibetan plateau. This profile crosses the northern Songpan-Ganzi terrane, the Qinling-Qilian fold system, the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region, and the stable Ordos basin. The P-wave and S-wave velocity structure and Poisson's ratios reveal many significant characteristics in the profile. The crustal thickness increases from northeast to southwest. The average crustal thickness observed increases from 42 km in the Ordos basin to 63 km in the Songpan-Ganzi terrane. The crust becomes obviously thicker south of the Haiyuan fault and beneath the West-Qinlin Shan. The crustal velocities have significant variations along the profile. The average P-wave velocities for the crystalline crust vary between 6.3 and 6.4 km/s. Beneath the Songpan-Ganzi terrane, West-Qinling Shan, and Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region P-wave velocities of 6.3 km/s are 0.15 km/s lower than the worldwide average of 6.45 km/s. North of the Kunlun fault, with exclusion of the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region, the average P-wave velocity is 6.4 km/s and only 0.5 km/s lower than the worldwide average. A combination of the P-wave velocity and Poisson's ratio suggests that the crust is dominantly felsic in composition with an intermediate composition at the base. A mafic lower crust is absent in the NE margin of the Tibetan plateau from the Songpan-Ganzi terrane to the Ordos basin. There are low velocity zones in the West-Qinling Shan and the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region. The low velocity zones have low S-wave velocities and high Poisson's ratios, so it is possible these zones are due to partial melting. The crust is divided into two layers, the upper and the lower crust, with crustal thickening mainly in the lower crust as the NE Tibetan plateau is approached. The results in the study show that the thickness of the lower crust increases from 22 to 38 km as the crustal thickness increases from 42 km in the Ordos basin to 63 km in the Songpan-Ganzi terrane south of the Kunlun fault. Both the Conrad discontinuity and Moho in the West-Qinling Shan and in the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region are laminated interfaces, implying intense tectonic activity. The arcuate faults and large earthquakes in the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region are the result of interaction between the Tibetan plateau and the Sino–Korean and Gobi Ala Shan platforms. 相似文献
19.
A. V. Tevelev 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2012,67(3):157-167
The structure of the suture zones surrounding the East Uralian megazone in the South Urals is reviewed. The analysis of mesoscale structures allowed us to prove their strike-slip nature. Their kinematics changed from left-lateral in the Early Carboniferous into right-lateral in the Mesozoic. The age of these dislocations was determined after the age of synkinematic intrusions. The suture zones have divergent structures in contrast to the convergent East Uralian megazone that is located between them. 相似文献
20.
黄河下游具有辫状河流、弯曲河流和微弯顺直河流3种河型，从横断面上可见，辫状河段的河道变化最频繁且最不稳定，微弯顺直河段最稳定；而弯曲河段明显向上游延伸，随着输沙量在各河段的阶段性变化，冲淤 状况在各河段也表现出阶段性，但加积升高是各河段发展的总趋势，从河相关系可见，弯曲河段和微弯顺直河段基本相似，但和辫状河段有着本质的区别。辫状河段的演变主要受到中上游来水来沙等自然因素的综合影响，但其更大范围的摆动仍然受到人为作用的影响；弯曲河段是河流自动调整的必然结果，两岸河堤对它的形成及向上游的延伸具有促进作用，但对它侧向迁移的特性具有较大的限制作用；而微弯顺直河段是人力强迫下河流局部调整的产物。 相似文献