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1.
The Hipparcos data are an important source for constraining the statistical distribution functions for the binaries in the general field. The present study uses the resolved binaries (separation 0.1‐10 arcsec, magnitude‐differences below 4 mag) to check directly the frequency of main‐sequence binaries with (linear) separations 30‐500 a.u. and mass‐ratios 0.6‐1.0. Complete Hipparcos samples have limiting apparent magnitudes brighter than mag 8, and contain therefore rather few stars. By modelling the completeness using the Tycho observations (complete to mag 10), we may increase substantially the number of useable Hipparcos stars while keeping a tolerable level of systematic uncertainty. The results, for stellar masses not much above solar, show binary frequencies typically a factor two above those usually assumed. Also, although the mass‐ratio distribution function generally decreases towards larger q, there is a definite narrow peak at q = 1. In order to use the Hipparcos data to full advantage, a more indirect approach is necessary. By modelling both the local Galaxy and the Hipparcos observations, one may put constraints also on the number of closer binaries which show up in the Hipparcos Catalog as non‐linear proper motions.  相似文献   

2.
We present comparison results of our Independent Latitude (IL) catalogue of μδ determinations for 1120 bright stars with the Hipparcos, new Hipparcos and Earth Orientation Catalogue (EOC‐2) values. Also, we took into consideration the EOC3 and EOC4 (recent versions of EOC catalogues). Our μδ values are based on zenith telescope observations from seven Independent Latitude (IL) observatories. The IL measures are spanning a time baseline of up to 90 years which is the key advantage to the accurate determination of μδ. The short interval of the Hipparcos satellite observations is a disadvantage for a good accuracy of stellar proper motion, especially in the case of double and multiple stars. For this reason many astrometric catalogues have appeared after the publication of the Hipparcos including our IL catalogue. These catalogues are an appropriate combination of the Hipparcos satellite and ground‐based data which yields more accurate stellar coordinates and/or their proper motions. Among various types of ground‐based observations the latitude and universal time variations obtained from several million observations of stars reduced to the Hipparcos reference system were used for this purpose. These observations were obtained during almost the entire last century and were originally used to determine the Earth Orientation Parameters. It is also possible to use these data in the inverse task of checking the accuracy of stellar coordinates and/or their proper motions listed in the Hipparcos Catalogue. Such latitude and universal time variations data are the basis of the EOC and IL catalogues. In this paper, we computed the differences in μδ values between pairs of catalogues and analyzed the results to characterize the μδ errors for the four catalogues with a special focus on our IL catalogue. The standard errors of μδ for IL stars observed over more than 20 years are mostly smaller than or equal to the Hipparcos errors, and close to the accuracy level of the EOC‐2 (EOC‐3, EOC‐4) and the new Hipparcos. The resulting investigations of errors of differences of μδ, show that all four catalogues have relatively small random and systematic errors which are close to each other meaning that the corresponding μδ values have a high accuracy. Our sample also contains detected double and multiple stars for which the effects of the orbital and proper motions are difficult to separate. The differences of μδ values for these stars generally exceed those obtained for single stars. Also, these discrepancies could be attributed to effect of possible, still unrecognized, astrometric binaries. These investigations about the proper motions and double stars are in line with the activity of the IAU Working Group on Astrometry by Small Ground‐Based Telescopes. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

3.
The Hipparcos Catalogue contains members of nearby OB associations brighter than 12th magnitude in V . However, membership lists are complete only to magnitude V =7.3. In this paper we discuss whether proper motions listed in the 'Astrographic Catalogue+Tycho' reference catalogue (ACT) and the Tycho Reference Catalogue (TRC), which are complete to V ∼10.5 mag, can be used to find additional association members. Proper motions in the ACT/TRC have an average accuracy of ∼3 mas yr−1. We search for ACT/TRC stars which have proper motions consistent with the spatial velocity of the Hipparcos members of the nearby OB associations already identified by de Zeeuw et al. These stars are first selected using a convergent-point method, and then subjected to further constraints on the proper-motion distribution, magnitude and colour to narrow down the final number of candidate members. Monte Carlo simulations show that the proper-motion distribution, magnitude, and colour constraints remove ∼97 per cent of the field stars, while at the same time retain more than 90 per cent of the cluster stars.
The procedure has been applied to five nearby associations: the three subgroups of Sco OB2, plus Per OB3 and Cep OB6. In all cases except Cep OB6, we find evidence for new association members fainter than the completeness limit of the Hipparcos Catalogue. However, narrow-band photometry and/or radial velocities are needed to pinpoint the cluster members, and to study their physical characteristics.  相似文献   

4.
After publication of the Hipparcos catalogue (in 1997), a few new astrometric catalogues have appeared (TYCHO‐2, ARIHIP, etc.), as a good combination of the Hipparcos satellite and ground‐based data, to get more accurate coordinates and proper motions of stars than the Hipparcos catalogue ones. There are also investigations on improving the Hipparcos coordinates and proper motions by using the astrometric observations of latitude and universal time variations (via observed stars referred to Hipparcos catalogue), together with Hipparcos data, carried out during the last few years. These kind of ground‐based data were collected at the end of the last century by J. Vondrák. There are about 4.4 million optical observations made worldwide at 33 observatories and with 47 instruments during 1899.7–1992.0; our Belgrade visual zenith telescope data (for the period 1949.0‐1986.0) were included. First of all, these data were used to determine the Earth Orientation Parameters – EOP, but they are also useful for the opposite task – to check the accuracy of coordinates and proper motions of Hipparcos stars which were observed from the ground over many decades. Here, we use the latitude part of ten Photographic Zenith Tubes – PZT data (more than 0.9 million observations made at 6 observatories during the time interval 1915.8–1992.0), and combine them with the Hipparcos catalogue ones, with suitable weights, in order to check the proper motions in declination for 807 common PZT/Hipparcos stars (and to construct the PZT catalogue of μδ for 807 stars). Our standard errors in proper motions in declination of these stars are less than or equal to the Hipparcos ones for 423 stars. The mean value of standard errors of 313 stars observed over more than 20 years by PZT is 0.40 mas/yr. This is 53% of 0.75 mas/yr (the suitable value from the Hipparcos catalogue). We used the Least Squares Method – LSM with the linear model. Our results are in good agreement with the Earth Orientation Catalogue – EOC‐2 and the new Hipparcos ones. The main steps of the method and the investigations of systematic errors in determined proper motions (the proper motion differences with respect to the Hipparcos values, the EOC‐2 ones and the new Hipparcos ones, as a function of α, δ, and magnitude) are presented here. A comparison of the four catalogues by pairs shows that there is no significant relationship between the differences of their μδ values and magnitudes and color indices of the common 807 stars. All catalogues have relatively small random and systematic errors which are close to each other. However, the comparison shows that our formal errors are too small. They are underestimated by a factor of nearly 1.7 (for EOC‐2, it is 2.0) if we take the new Hipparcos (or Hipparcos) data as reference (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

5.
We present a catalogue of radial velocities of Galactic stars with high precision astrometric data CRVAD which is the result of the cross‐identification of star lists from the General Catalog of Average Radial Velocities (GCRV) and from the homogeneous All‐sky Compiled Catalogue of 2.5Million Stars (ASCC‐2.5). The CRVAD includes accurate J2000 equatorial coordinates, proper motions and trigonometric parallaxes in the Hipparcos system, Johnson's BV photometric data, spectral types, multiplicity and variability flags from the ASCC‐2.5, and radial velocities, stellar magnitudes and spectral types from the GCRV for 34553 ASCC‐2.5 stars. The CRVAD was used for the construction of a sample of standard stars with accurate astrometric, photometric and radial velocity data for the RAVE project. A second application of the CRVAD , the radial velocity determination for 292 open clusters (including 97 with previously unknown radial velocities), using their newly defined members from proper motions and photometry in the ASCC‐2.5, is briefly described. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

6.
The results of a kinematical population classification of 497 Hipparcos orbital binaries are discussed. Less than 10% of the stars from the sample belong to the thick disk. Only seven stars have halo kinematics. There are no direct dynamical mass determinations for extreme halo stars. Some suggestions, concerning Population II visual binaries for which ground-based astrometric observations in combination with GAIA data will be useful in the future for the better determination of orbits for long period Population II binaries, are offered. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

7.
Apparent acceleration of proper motion is one of the observable manifestations of orbital motion in binary stars. Owing to the increasing accuracy of astrometric measurements, it may also be a method to detect binarity of stars. This paper presents some analytical expressions for the effects of binary motion on proper motions when the orbital period is at least several times the span of observations. We estimate orbit dimensions and distances at which low‐mass companions and planets may be detected around main‐sequence stars, using preliminary estimates of precision for the AMEX, GAIA and SIM space missions.  相似文献   

8.
本文简述近三年来国际上天体测量的研究进展 ,特别是依巴谷星表向暗星扩充、2 0世纪初照相观测改进自行的精度和巡天观测资料对特殊天体物理现象的检测等方面的研究动态。最后介绍了空间天体测量卫星DIVA、GAIA、SIM和FAME计划的进展。  相似文献   

9.
The determination of the orbital parameters of binaries is an important constituent of fundamental astronomy. It is the only reliable way to determine the stellar mass, which is crucial for the studies of stellar dynamics and evolution. And the orbital parameters can be used to compute the motions of component stars, which could improve the population of reference stars in the bright star catalogue reference frame. However, the previous studies on the determination of binaries’ orbital parameters adopted some approximations in the computation of observational quantities. According to the statistical results of hundreds of binaries with bright component stars, it could be found that the approximations in the variation of the tangent plane and the prospective effect of the reference plane have made the deviations of computed observational quantities become larger than the present observational precision (1 mas). In this paper, a new algorithm based on the two-body model and the rigorous relation of solid geometry for computing observational quantities is presented. This new algorithm has been verified by fitting the simulation and actually-observed data. And the fitting results show that the fitted parameters solved by the new algorithm usually have a higher confidence than that solved by the approximate algorithm. Therefore, the new algorithm has certain improvements in the determination of the orbital parameters of binaries, especially, for the wide binaries nearby the solar system.  相似文献   

10.
Stars observed by the astrometry satellite Hipparcos may be unknown double stars. A subsample of those are dangerous for the extragalactic link of Hipparcos proper motions by long-term photographic proper motions, if the time base of Hipparcos is too short to detect the orbital motion. The probability of these cases and the typical size of the photocentric orbital motion are estimated by Monte Carlo simulations for the sample of 33 stars used in the Bonn extragalactic link. Both are found to be considerable: about 16% and 9 mas/yr respectively.  相似文献   

11.
High-resolution spectra of five candidate metal-weak thick-disc stars suggested by Beers & Sommer-Larsen are analysed to determine their chemical abundances. The low abundance of all the objects has been confirmed, with metallicity reaching [Fe/H]=−2.9. However, for three objects the astrometric data from the Hipparcos catalogue suggest they are true halo members. The remaining two, for which proper-motion data are not available, may have disc-like kinematics. It is therefore clear that it is useful to address properties of putative metal-weak thick-disc stars only if they possess full kinematic data. For CS 22894−19 an abundance pattern similar to those of typical halo stars is found, suggesting that chemical composition is not a useful discriminant between thick-disc and halo stars. CS 29529−12 is found to be C-enhanced with [C/Fe]=+1.0; other chemical peculiarities involve the s-process elements: [Sr/Fe]=−0.65 and [Ba/Fe]=+0.62, leading to a high [Ba/Sr], considerably larger than that found in more metal-rich carbon-rich stars, but similar to those in LP 706-7 and LP 625-44, discussed by Norris et al. Hipparcos data have been used to calculate the space velocities of 25 candidate metal-weak thick-disc stars, thus allowing us to identify three bona fide members, which support the existence of a metal-poor tail of the thick disc, at variance with a claim to the contrary by Ryan & Lambert.  相似文献   

12.
The results of speckle interferometric observations of 104 binary and 6 triple stars performed at the BTA 6 m telescope in 2004 October are presented. Nearby low-mass stars are mostly observed for the program, among which 59 there are new binaries recently discovered by the Hipparcos astrometric satellite. Concurrently with the diffraction-limited position measurements we obtained 154 brightness ratio measurements of binary and multiple star components in different bands of the visible spectrum. New, first-resolved binaries are the symbiotic star CH Cyg with a weak companion at 0.043″ separation and the pair of red dwarfs, GJ 913 = HIP 118212. In addition, we derived the orbital parameters for two interferometric systems: the CN-giant pair HD 210211 = HIP 109281 (P = 10.7 yr) and the G2V-K2V G2V-K2V binary GJ 9830 = HIP 116259 (P = 15.7 yr).  相似文献   

13.
The UK Infrared Telescope Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS) is the first of a new generation of infrared surveys. Here, we combine the data from two UKIDSS components, the Large Area Survey (LAS) and the Galactic Cluster Survey (GCS), with Two-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) data to produce an infrared proper motion survey for low-mass stars and brown dwarfs. In total, we detect 267 low-mass stars and brown dwarfs with significant proper motions. We recover all 10 known single L dwarfs and the one known T dwarf above the 2MASS detection limit in our LAS survey area and identify eight additional new candidate L dwarfs. We also find one new candidate L dwarf in our GCS sample. Our sample also contains objects from 11 potential common proper motion binaries. Finally, we test our proper motions and find that while the LAS objects have proper motions consistent with absolute proper motions, the GCS stars may have proper motions which are significantly underestimated. This is possibly due to the bulk motion of some of the local astrometric reference stars used in the proper motion determination.  相似文献   

14.
We have applied the astrometric techniques devised by Murray for analysis of 48-inch Schmidt photographic data to SuperCOSMOS scans of UK Schmidt plates centred on Kapteyn's Selected Area 94 ( α =2h 53m, δ =0°). In this preliminary study, we combine astrometric data from four short-exposure V -band plates, taken in 1987 August (2 plates) and 1993 August (2 plates), with BVRI photometry from sky-limited plate material, to identify stars with proper motions exceeding 0.1 arcsec yr−1. This paper discusses the completeness of the resulting sample and presents spectroscopy of 30 stars with μ >0.2 arcsec yr−1. Based on the latter observations and the distribution in the [H V , ( V − I )] reduced proper-motion diagram, we have classified stars in the complete sample as candidate white dwarfs, main-sequence dwarfs and halo subdwarfs, and derived estimates of the disc and halo luminosity functions.  相似文献   

15.
We present proper-motion measurements for carbon stars found during the APM Survey for Cool Carbon Stars in the Galactic halo as reported in an earlier paper by Totten & Irwin. Measurements are obtained using a combination of POSSI, POSSII and UKST survey plates supplemented where necessary by CCD frames taken at the Isaac Newton Telescope. We find no significant proper motion for any of the new APM colour-selected carbon stars and so conclude that there are no dwarf carbon stars present within this sample. We also present proper-motion measurements for three previously known dwarf carbon stars and demonstrate that these measurements agree favourably with those previously quoted in the literature, verifying our method of determining proper motions. Results from a complimentary program of JHK photometry obtained at the South African Astronomical Observatory are also presented. Dwarf carbon stars are believed to have anomalous near-infrared colours, and this feature is used for further investigation of the nature of the APM carbon stars. Our results support the use of JHK photometry as a dwarf/giant discriminator and also reinforce the conclusion that none of the new APM-selected carbon stars is a dwarf. Finally, proper-motion measurements combined with extant JHK photometry are presented for a sample of previously known halo carbon stars, suggesting that one of these stars, CLS29, is likely to be a previously unrecognized dwarf carbon star.  相似文献   

16.
The Commission 19 (Earth Rotation) of the International Astronomical Union—IAU established the Working Group on Earth Rotation in the Hipparcos Reference Frame—WG ERHRF at 1995 to collect the optical observations of latitude and universal time variations, made during 1899.7-1992.0 in line with Earth orientation programmes (to derive Earth Orientation Parameters—EOP), with Dr. Jan Vondrák (Astronomical Institute of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague) as the head of WG ERHRF. Dr. Vondrák collected about 4.4 million optical observations of latitude/universal time variations made at 33 observatories. These data were used for EOP investigations, Hipparcos Catalogue—radio sources connection, etc. Nowadays, it is used to correct the positions and proper motions of stars of Hipparcos Catalogue (as an optical reference frame) using ground-based observations of some Hipparcos stars. After Hipparcos Catalogue, some new astrometric catalogues appeared (as ARIHIP, EOC-2, etc.) with better accuracy of proper motions. We use the latitude observations made by visual zenith-telescope (ZT), as classical astrometric instrument, at seven observatories (all over the world) of International Latitude Service—ILS. The observations were used in the programmes of monitoring the Earth orientation during the 20th century. We received the data from Dr. Vondrák via private communication. The observatories are Carloforte—CA, Cincinnati—CI, Gaithersburg—GT, Kitab—KZ, Mizusawa—MZZ, Tschardjui—TS and Ukiah—UK. The task is to improve proper motions in declination of the observed Hipparcos stars. The original method was developed. We removed from the instantaneous observed latitudes, all known effects (polar motion and some local instrumental errors), and the corrected latitudes were then the input data to calculate the corrections of Hipparcos proper motions in declination using the least squares method—LSM with the linear model. We did an improvement of Hipparcos proper motions in declination via mentioned latitude variations with time by using a long-term (a few decades) visual zenith-telescope data of ILS. The calculated results were compared with the ARIHIP and EOC-2 data, and the consistency were good. The main steps of the calculations and some of the results are presented here.  相似文献   

17.
We present relative astrometric measurements of visual binaries made in 2013 with the speckle camera PISCO at the 102‐cm Zeiss telescope of Brera Astronomical Observatory, in Merate. Our observing list contains orbital couples as well as binaries whose motion is still uncertain. We obtained 134 new measurements of 129 visual binary stars, with angular separations in the range 0.≈23–5 and an average accuracy of 0.≈01. The mean error on the position angles is 0.°5. Most of the position angles were determined without the usual 180° ambiguity with the application of triple‐correlation techniques and/or by inspection of the long integration files. We also present new revised orbits for ADS 1097, 5871, 7203, 7775, 9378, 9578, and 11186, partly derived from PISCO observations. The corresponding estimated values for the masses of those systems are compatible with the spectral types. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

18.
We report on the analysis of astrometric and photometric data from Hipparcos, Tycho and the ACT catalogue in a 1200 sq. degree field around the nearby open star cluster in Coma Berenices and infer the characteristic features of this cluster. From a sample of 51 kinematic members we derive the cluster's distance, size and spatial structure as well as its stellar content, mass and age. We find that the cluster consists of an elliptical core-halo system with major axis parallel to the direction of galactic motion, and of a moving group of extratidal stars. The latter have tangential distances ≥10 pc from the cluster center, but have the same distance from the Sun, the same motion and the same age as the stars in the core and halo. The luminosity function of the core-halo system steeply declines beyond absolute magnitude MV=4.5, but that of the moving group rises towards fainter magnitudes and suggests the existence of further low-mass members below the current magnitude limit. The cloud of extratidal stars witnesses the process of dissolution of the cluster.  相似文献   

19.
The next generation of astrometric instruments will reach accuracies deserving new treatments. In order to get astrometric parameters achieving the precision permitted by the measurements, it will be necessary to take into account effects that were neglected until the present time. Two effects concerning the orbital elements of binary stars are considered hereafter: the former is the local perspective (LP) effect, which is due to the variation of the distance and of the orientation of the orbital plane during the observation time-span; the equations describing this effect are derived for the first time. The latter effect is the light-travel time (LTT), which is also related to the orientation of the orbital plane, and which is as efficient as the preceding one. Taking these effects into account would allow to find the ascending nodes of the orbits, and lead to orbital elements more accurate than when they are ignored.
It is derived from simulations that, at a distance of 5 pc, and assuming velocities typical of Population I stars, the position of the right ascending node could be derived for a few simulated unresolved binaries when the astrometric measurements have errors around 1 μas. For the resolved brown dwarf binary 2MASS J07464256+2000321, it appears that ignoring the LP effect would result in underestimating the masses of the components by 14 per cent of the errors as soon as the astrometric errors are around 20 μas for each measurement. However, a 'degenerate LP solution', taking into account the variation of the semimajor axis when the distance is varying, should provide reliable masses when the measurement errors are larger than 1 or 2 μas. A few binaries in the Gaia program could deserve a degenerate LP solution, whereas a complete LP+LTT solution could be justified for resolved binaries observed with Space Interferometry Mission ( SIM ).  相似文献   

20.
The Galactic orbits of 27 440 stars of all classes with accurate coordinates and parallaxes of more than 3 mas from the Hipparcos catalogue, proper motions from the Tycho-2 catalogue, and radial velocities from the Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities (PCRV) are analyzed. The sample obtained is much more representative than the Geneva-Copenhagen survey and other studies of Galactic orbits in the solar neighborhood. An estimation of the influence of systematic errors in the velocities on orbital parameters shows that the errors of the proper motions due to the duplicity of stars are tangible only in the statistics of orbital parameters for very small samples, while the errors of the radial velocities are noticeable in the statistics of orbital parameters for halo stars. Therefore, previous studies of halo orbits may be erroneous. The distribution of stars in selection-free regions of the multidimensional space of orbital parameters, dereddened colors, and absolute magnitudes is considered. Owing to the large number of stars and the high accuracy of PCRV radial velocities, nonuniformities of this distribution (apart from the well-known dynamical streams) have been found. Stars with their peri- and apogalacticons in the disk, perigalacticons in the bulge and apogalacticons in the disk, perigalacticons in the bulge and apogalacticons in the halo, and perigalacticons in the disk and apogalacticons in the halo have been identified. Thus, the bulge and the halo are inhomogeneous structures, each consisting of at least two populations. The radius of the bulge has been determined: 2 kpc.  相似文献   

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