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1.
Liquid sloshing is a type of free surface flow inside a partially filled water tank. Sloshing exerts a significant effect on the safety of liquid transport systems; in particular, it may cause large hydrodynamic loads when the frequency of the tank motion is close to the natural frequency of the tank. Perforated plates have recently been used to suppress the violent movement of liquids in a sloshing tank at resonant conditions. In this study, a numerical model based on OpenFOAM (Open Source Field Operation and Manipulation), an open source computed fluid dynamic code, is used to investigate resonant sloshing in a swaying tank with a submerged horizontal perforated plate. The numerical results of the free surface elevations are first verified using experimental data, and then the flow characteristics around the perforated plate and the fluid velocity distribution in the entire tank are examined using numerical examples. The results clearly show differences in sloshing motions under first-order and third-order resonant frequencies. This study provides a better understanding of the energy dissipation mechanism of a horizontal perforated plate in a swaying tank. 相似文献
2.
Reviving Ancient Water Tunnels in the Desert-Digging for Gold？ 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Joshka Wessels 《山地科学学报》2005,2(4):294-305
The water shortage in the Middle East is a well-known problem. The introduction of diesel operated pumps for irrigation has caused a severe drop in groundwater levels. At the same time the demand for groundwater is growing to alarming proportions. Alternative ways of groundwater supply and management need to be found to halt social and economical disaster in the future. Why not look at history？ Qanats are subterranean tunnels ancient civilizations built to access groundwater. The technique is a sustainable method of groundwater extraction. Throughout the Middle East some settlements still make use of these ancient systems. In the summer of 2000, a community rehabilitation of a qanat was executed International Center for Areas （ICARDA） and with support from the Agricultural Research in Dry international donors. The renovation served as a pilot community intervention within a participatory action research project aimed at evaluating the use of qanats in Syria. In a second stage of the project, the pilot was scaled up to a nation-wide survey of Syrian qanats in 2001. This resulted in qanat renovations on other sites executed in 2oo2 and 2oo3 with further international support. This paper compares the first pilot renovation with a recent qanat renovation that took place in Qarah, Syria. 相似文献
3.
Mountain Water Tower and Ecological Risk Estimation of the Mesta-Nestos Transboundary River Basin （Bulgaria-Greece） 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
K. Grunewald J. Scheithauer J.-M. Monger N. Nikolova 《山地科学学报》2007,4(3):209-220
The Mesta-Nestos river basin in Bulgaria and Greece is a case study for transboundary decision-making support in south-eastern Europe and a show-case for the development of methodologies and information-gathering for the integrated regional planning of water resources. Land-use conflicts in this water-scarce region cover a wide spectrum of activities like agricultural irrigation,drinking water production,diversions for industrial water,and risk of pollution from mining,to name a few examples. Measurements of the water quality were carried out in the upper basin. Results will be illustrated by the example of the environmental situation in the alpine region of the Pirin National Park as well as in the Razlog Basin with a stronger anthropogenic impact and pollution around a former uranium mine near the village of Ele?nica. The social and economic development of this transboundary region is a recently established priority for the future. It will mean an increase in water usage and more stress for the water resources if regional impacts of global climate change are verified. Problem-focused management of the catchment area as a whole on the basis of proved geo-data sets is needed for the future. 相似文献
4.
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES ON LAND USE/COVER CHANGE IN THE PAST TEN YEARS IN CHINA USING SPACE TECHNOLOGY 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
１ ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｒｅｃｅｎｔａｎｄｆｕｔｕｒｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｓｐａｃｅｂａｓｅｄｒｅｍｏｔｅｓｅｎｓｉｎｇｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｈａｓｂｒｏｕｇｈｔａｒｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｔｏｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｗｏｒｋａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｆｏｒｍｕｌａｔｉｎｇｓｕｉｔａｂｌｅｐｏｌｉｃｙｆｏｒｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ，ｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ，ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｎｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ．Ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｒｅａｌｔｉｍｅａｎｄｐｅｒｉｏｄｉｃｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆａｌａｒｇｅａｒ… 相似文献
5.
《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2021,(4)
Relative dispersion ratio(RDR) can be used to quantify the deviation behavior of a water parcel's trajectory caused by a disturbance in a hydrodynamic system. It can be calculated by using a standard method for determining relative dispersion(RD),which accounts for the growth of the deviation of a cluster of particles from a specific initial time. However, the standard method for computing RD is time consuming. It involves numerous computations on tracing many water parcels. In this study, a new method based on the adjoint method is proposed to acquire a series of RDR fields in one round of tracing. Through this method,the continuous variation in the RDR corresponding to a time series of the disturbance time t can be obtained. The consistency and efficiency of the new method are compared with those of the standard method by applying it to a double-gyre flow and an unsteady Arnold-Beltrami-Childress flow field. Results show that the two methods have good consistency in a finite time span. The new method has a notable speedup for evaluating the RDR at multiple t. 相似文献
6.
为查明济南市降水量变化特征和趋势,采用累积距平分析、Mann-Kendall法、集合经验模态分解(EEMD)等方法对1956—2018年济南市降水量进行综合分析。结果表明,济南市降水量呈上升的变化趋势,倾斜率为8.35mm/10a,其中1956—1961年、1967—1972年和1981—1993年为降水偏少时期,1962—1966年、1973—1980年和1994—2018年为降水偏多时期,1961年和1990年发生过2次降水由偏少到偏多的突变,预测未来济南市降水量仍然以偏多为主;济南市降水量存在2.62a,5.73a,10.50a和36.50a的周期分量,其中5.73a分量通过了95%的置信区间检验,周期性显著,对降水量贡献率为48.73%;济南市降水量整体呈现先减少后增多的变化趋势,且后期的升高幅度小于前期的下降幅度。 相似文献
7.
根据材料力学纵弯杆概念,从定量角度分析了横向剪应力在纵弯褶曲中的分布和演化。纵弯褶曲的受力状态和变形情况与受轴向挤压面弯曲的矩形横断面纵弯杆相类似。由于纵弯杆中横向剪应力呈扇型分布,所产生的逆冲断层亦组成剖面上的扇型。扇状逆冲断层往往在褶曲陡翼发育,产生于褶皱变形达到一定阶段之后。 相似文献
8.
渭河盆地GPS(1990~2015年)水平运动速率为4.3~11.6 mm/a，方向在107.8°E和110.5°E依次由西部的SEE转为中部的SE及东部的近E向。1980~2014年水准资料揭示，该地区垂向以继承性运动为主，速率-4.6~6.2 mm/a。鄂尔多斯地块以3 mm/a抬升，内部差异运动小于1 mm/a；盆地相对其以5 mm/a下沉，相对秦岭以4 mm/a下沉。垂向运动在凹陷和凸起区表现为四象限特征，断块/断裂交接处差异运动大、地震多发，西、南部断裂活动大于东、北部。岐山-马召等断裂以差异运动为主，渭河断裂中段达5 mm/a，其他断裂在3 mm/a以内。 相似文献
9.
10.
MENG Fanshun WANG Zaishan LI JianjunCollege of Marine Geosdence Ocean University of China Qingdao P.R.ChinaNo. Petrolum-mining Plant Da Qing Petroleum Administration Daqing P.R.China 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2003,2(2):201-206
In this paper, a transfer matrix and a three-dimensional dynamic response of a layered half-space to an arbitrary buried source are derived with the aid of a technique which combines the Laplace and two-dimensional Fourier transforms in a rectangular coordinate system. This method is clear in concept, and the corresponding formulas given in the paper are simple and convenient for marine seismic prospecting and other fields' applications. An example is presented and the calculated results are in good agreement with those of the finite element method (FEM). 相似文献
11.
Effect of the inclined weak interlayers on the rainfall response of a bedded rock slope 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Engineering experience shows that outward dipping bedded rock slopes, especially including weak interlayers, are prone to slide under rainfall conditions. To investigate the effect of inclined weak interlayers at various levels of depth below the surface on the variation of displacements and stresses in bedded rock slopes, four geo-mechanical model tests with artificial rainfall have been conducted. Displacements, water content as well as earth pressure in the model were monitored by means of various FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating) sensors. The results showed that the amount of displacement of a slope with a weak interlayer is 2.8 to 6.2 times larger than that of a slope without a weak interlayer during one rainfall event. Furthermore, the position of the weak interlayer in terms of depth below the surface has a significant effect on the zone of deformation in the model. In the slope with a high position weak interlayer, the recorded deformation was larger in the superficial layer of the model and smaller in the frontal portion than in the slope with a low position weak interlayer. The slope with two weak interlayers has the largest deformation at all locations of all test slopes. The slope without a weak interlayer was only saturated in its superficial layer, while the displacement decreased with depth. That was different from all slopes with a weak interlayer in which the largest displacement shifted from the superficial layer to the weak interlayer when rainfall persisted. Plastic deformation of the weak interlayer promoted the formation of cracks which caused more water to flow into the slope, thus causing larger deformation in the slope with weak interlayers. In addition, the slide thrust pressure showed a vibration phenomenon 0.5 to 1 hour ahead of an abrupt increase of the deformation, which was interpreted as a predictor for rainfall-induced failure of bedded rock slopes. 相似文献
12.
Rossby waves with linear topography in barotropic fluids 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Rossby waves are the most important waves in the atmosphere and ocean, and are parts of a large-scale system in fluid. The theory and observation show that, they satisfy quasi-geostrophic and quasi-static equilibrium approximations. In this paper, solitary Rossby waves induced by linear topography in barotropic fluids with a shear flow are studied. In order to simplify the problem, the topography is taken as a linear function of latitude variable y, then employing a weakly nonlinear method and a perturbation method, a KdV （Korteweg-de Vries） equation describing evolution of the amplitude of solitary Rossby waves induced by linear topography is derived. The results show that the variation of linear topography can induce the solitary Rossby waves in barotropic fluids with a shear flow, and extend the classical geophysical theory of fluid dynamics. 相似文献
13.
本文在搜集了淄博地区有关奥陶纪灰岩勘探孔的地质、水文地质和水化学等资料的基础上,探讨了淄博隐伏岩溶的垂直分带,以图在解决煤矿突水问题上提供指导性依据;同时,对双层水位理论进行了应用,利用人工形成的双层水位防止煤层底板突水、地面岩溶塌陷,以及地表水顺塌陷倒灌矿井;并能缓解矿井排水与矿山供水之间的矛盾。 相似文献
14.
使用GAMIT/GLOBK解算2006~2015年覆盖四川地区的50个CORS站的观测数据，并提取坐标时间序列，获得速度场模型。对四川省整体地壳运动以及区域应变场进行分析，结果表明，四川省CORS站水平方向平均速度为38.72 mm/a，速度场的优势方向为S73.9°E；欧亚框架下水平方向平均速度为14.40 mm/a，优势方向为S77.78°E，较ITRF2008框架下的速度降低了24.32 mm/a；垂直方向平均速度为3.43 mm/a，整体上表现为隆升状态，位于东部平原的少部分测站处于下降趋势，可能是由于城市建设、地下水或者煤矿、石油等自然资源的过度采伐导致；最大主应变率达到7.31×10-11/a，最小主应变率为-5.4×10-11/a，其中区域地壳面膨胀率高值区域集中在川西，低值区域和最大剪切应变率高值区域分布在三大断裂带附近。 相似文献
15.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅＨｕａｎｇｈｅＲｉｖｅｒｗｅｌｌｋｎｏｗｎｗｏｒｌｄｗｉｄｅｆｏｒｉｔｓｈｉｇｈｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｅｉｓＣｈｉｎａ’ｓｓｅｃｏｎｄｌａｒｇｅｓｔｒｉｖｅｒ,ｗｈｏｓｅｒｕｎｏｆｆｉｓｍａｉｎｌｙｓｕｐｐｌｉｅｄｂｙｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｉｏｎｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｕｐｐｅｒｒｅａｃｈｅｓ.Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,ｔｈｅｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｆｒｏｍｓｏｉｌｅｒｏｓｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅＬｏｅｓｓＰｌａｔｅａｕｉｎｔｈｅｍｉｄｄｌｅｒｅａｃｈｅｓｉｓａｍａｊｏｒｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｏｒｔ… 相似文献
16.
洛源原生金地球化学异常具有浓集中心分散、规模小、几何浓度内带大面积出露、组分较复杂和水平分带不清等特征,表明洛源金矿化主要为分散矿化,而且具较大的剥蚀深度。金的原生地球化学异常源为小的含金断裂构造带。地球化学异常区的冰川活动,加速了此区的剥蚀作用。洛河砂金矿是在上淤汇水盆地中金的分散矿化被强烈剥蚀下形成的。金的分散矿化范围大,空白水系少,稀释作用受仰制,为洛河砂金矿形成创造了良好的条件。从洛河的淘金历史和现状以及对砂金的总量预测来看,洛河砂金矿是很有远景的。 相似文献
17.
1 INTRODUCTION The most remarkable topographical features in the severely eroded hilly Loess Plateau are positive (inter valley residual tablelands) and negative (valleys) landforms. They are separated by valley boundary. Topographic features above the boundary are called plateau (yuan) and narrow hillock. Below the boundary are gully walls and valley bottoms. This boundary lies along rapidly developing rills, grooves and gullies. The dynamic variation in valley boundary is indicative … 相似文献
18.
Model performance assessment is a key procedure for mineral potential mapping, but the corresponding research achievements are seldom reported in literature.Cumulative gain and lift charts are well known in the data mining community specialized in marketing and sales applications and widely used in customer churn prediction for model performance assessment.In this paper, they are introduced into the field of mineral potential mapping for model performance assessment.These two charts can be viewed as a graphic representation of the advantage of using a predictive model to choose mineral targets.A cumulative gain curve can represent how much a predictive model is superior to a random guess in mineral target prediction.A lift chart can express how much more likely the mineral targets predicted by a model are deposit-bearing ones than those by a random selection.As an illustration, the cumulative gain and lift charts are applied to measure the performance of weights of evidence, logistic regression, restricted Boltzmann machine, and multilayer perceptron in mineral potential mapping in the Altay district in northern Xinjiang in China.The results show that the cumulative gain and lift charts can visually reveal that the first three models perform well while the last one performs poorly.Thus, the cumulative gain and lift charts can serve as a graphic tool for model performance assessment in mineral potential mapping. 相似文献
19.
证明了下面两个定理：（1）设n,k≥2为正整数,a为有穷非零复数,F为区域D上的亚纯函数族,F中任一函数的零点重级至少为k．vf,g∈F,fLn（f）与gLn（g）IM分担a．则F在D上正规,其中L（f）为f（k）＋a1f^（k-1）＋…＋akf,这里a1,…,ak为常数．（2）设n,k为正整数,且n≥2,a为有穷非零复数,F为区域D上的亚纯函数族,F中任一函数的零点重级至少为k,且fLn（f（z））=a能够推出｜f^（k）（z）｜≤A,其中A为正数,则F在区域D上正规． 相似文献
20.
《山地科学学报》2020,17(9):2097-2107
The sword lily Gladiolus palustris Gaudin is protected on European level and listed in Annexes II and IV of the EC Habitat Directive 92/43/EEC. It grows in nutrient-poor, calcareous meadows in central and eastern Europe. Tree encroachment in montane meadows of the European Alps as a result of recent land use changes and the abandonment of traditional farming practices threaten the survival of this species. Conservation-driven mowing is considered a feasible conservation measure for maintaining high species diversity in abandoned semi-natural grasslands. To assess the effects of tenyears of biennial mowing on a grassland community in the Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park, Italy(Site of Community Importance, Natura 2000 network), ten25 m2 plots were established whereby four plots were placed in the mowed area, four in the non-mowed area and two in a small non-mowed patch of grassland inside the mowed area. In each plot the following variables were recorded, total percentage of plant cover, percentage cover of woody species,percentage cover of herbaceous species, percentage cover and number of flowering ramets of G. palustris and a complete list of species and their percentage abundance. Mowed plots showed a higher species richness than non-mowed plots. The number of G.palustris flowering ramets and percentage cover increased manifold in mowed plots compared to nonmowed plots. The resumption of mowing forconservation purposes undertaken by the managing authority halted the process of tree encroachment and avoided a drastic change in plant composition.Periodic mowing(every second or third year) was demonstrated to be a cost-effective conservation measure in non-productive grasslands to keep grasses at bay in favour of forbs of high conversation value. 相似文献