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1.
兴措湖沉积物有机碳及其同位素记录揭示的近代气候与环境 总被引：17，自引：5，他引：12
通过若尔盖盆地兴措湖沉积物中总有机碳及其同位素指标与器测气象资料的耦合、验证并建立函数关系,对兴措湖近代湖泊沉积物中有机碳及其同位素指标所代表的气候环境信息进行了定量研究。研究表明,兴措湖沉积物总有机碳含量与降水量之间有明显的相关性,其相关系数达－0．67,平均变率（dTC/dP)为－0．046％／mm;而有机碳同位素δ^13Corg与温度间的相关系数为－0．75,平均变率（dδ^13C/dT)为－0．84‰/C。在此基础上,建立了兴措湖沉积物总有机碳及其同位素记录与对应的降水及气温间的函数关系。 相似文献
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南海南部水体和沉积物中的浮游有孔虫氧碳同位素分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对2002年南海南部春季水体和表层沉积物中浮游有孔虫的δ^18O和δ^13C分析，初步探讨该区有孔虫氧碳同位素的海洋环境指示意义及其与沉降过程的关系。结果表明，南海南部春季表层水体中Gltbigerinoides ruber （G．ruber）与Globigerinoides sacculifer（G．sacculifer）的δ^18O均值基本相似，相对它们在表层沉积物中的δ^18O明显要小；但在表层沉积物中G．ruber的δ^18O则比G．sacculifer相对要小0．34‰。这种差异可能与G．sacculifer的配子生殖二次钙化以及2个种属的季节性差异有关。Pulleniatinaobliquiloculata（P．obliquiloculata）的δ^18O在沉积物和水体中均较G．ruber和G．sacculifer明显偏大，表现出较大的种间差异。P．obliquiloculata的δ^18O在春季水体中比其在沉积物中平均约小0．7‰，差值较大，可能是因为P．obliquiloculata为冬季种，主要出现在冬季低温水体中。3种浮游有孔虫的δ^13C以G．sacculifer最大，G．ruber次之，P．obliquiloculata最低，这种差异可能主要由属种间的生命效应所引起。表层沉积物中G．ruber和G．sacculifer的δ^18O从区域的西北往东南有逐渐变小的趋势，可能受区域年均表层水温西北低东南高的影响。在上升流发育区，P．obliquiloculata的δ^18O和δ^13C均明显偏高，其δ^13C与水体营养的关系与南海北部的明显相反，有待进一步深入研究。 相似文献
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62kaBP以来湖光岩玛珥湖沉积物有机碳同位素记录及古气候环境意义 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
湖光岩玛珥湖HUG-B孔岩心记录了62kaBP以来的古气候、古环境变化信息。全岩有机碳同位素组成(δ^13CTOC)分析表明，62kaBP以来δ^3CTOC值变化比较明显，其变化范围为-28．5‰～-15．5％0。结合孢粉和有机地球化学指标进行综合分析，湖光岩玛珥湖δ^13CTOC变化曲线可划分为6个演化阶段：62～58和48～40．5kaBP两个时段的δ^13CTOC值偏负，沉积物中有机质主要来源于热带-亚热带地区的陆生C13森林植被，反映了温暖潮湿的气候环境；58～48和40．5～17．2kaBP期间δ^13CTOC值明显偏正，沉积物中有机质主要源自C4草本植物，反映了湖光岩地区有效降水量减少、干旱程度增加导致湖光岩玛珥湖湖面下降，大量C4草本植物生长在暴露的湖滨岸；17．2～4kaBP时段内δ^13CTOC值尽管存在更加频繁的波动，但总体呈现逐渐偏负的趋势，反映了暖湿和冷干气候多次交替但总体上逐渐变暖、变湿的气候环境；4kaBP以来δ^13CTOC值存在逐渐偏正的趋势，虽然不排除人类活动的影响，但很可能反映了干旱程度的再次增加。综合分析表明，有效降水量(降水量-蒸发量)是控制湖光岩玛珥湖地区C3／C4植物相对生物量变化的主导因素。湖光岩玛珥湖有机碳同位素的研究结果支持区域气候环境而不是大气CO2浓度变化是末期冰期以来热带低纬度地区C3／C4植被相对生物量变化的主要原因。 相似文献
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南海中部沉积物捕集器中浮游有孔虫的稳定同位素分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
通过对南海中部沉积物捕集器中浮游有孔虫的氧，碳稳定同位素分析，探讨了它们与海洋学参数之间的关系。分析结果显示，G.ruber的δ^18O值和δ^13C值都比G.sacculifer的轻；两者的δ^18O差值（△δ^18O)平均为0.520‰，δ^13C差值（△δ^13C)平均为0.544‰，证明G.ruber的生活水深（约30m)比G.sacculifer的（约50m)浅。G.ruber与G.sacculifer之间的△δ^18O呈现夏季大，冬季小的特点，可能与海水的垂向温度梯度在夏季较大有关，G.ruber幼体的δ^13C比成年个体的轻，幼体的δ^18O比成年个体的重，揭示了该种在繁殖期前，随着个体发育，生活的水层深度逐渐变浅。 相似文献
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河蚬分布的气候环境及壳体稳定同位素 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据实地考察和对现有资料的统计与分析,揭示中国大陆河蚬现生种主要分布在中国东南部年降水量大于800 mm(800~1400 mm)、1月平均气温大于0℃(0.5~4.5℃)、温暖湿润的淡水—微咸水河湖环境之中。河蚬壳体在生长过程中记录了气候环境和水体性质的信息。利用碳酸盐自动装置与Finnigan MAT-253型质谱仪联机对河蚬壳体δ18O和δ13C的值进行了系统测试,通过对比分析发现,壳体生长过程中由于生理效应和生态习性差异造成全壳的δ18O值变化较小,江苏一帆河、古黄河、江西绵江和云南滇池4个采样区(点)之间变化仅为1.4‰;河蚬壳体不同部位δ18O值记录了生长过程中的季节性温度变化;随纬度增高壳体δ13C值富集轻同位素组成,有变负的趋势;雨热同期气候环境下的一帆河、古黄河地区现代河蚬壳体碳氧同位素值在个体生长过程中变化位相非常相似,反映了壳体碳氧同位素值对气候环境的响应。 相似文献
6.
对南海34个站位表层沉积中的钙质超微化石进行了氧碳稳定同位素分析.结果表明,钙质超微化石δ^18O化范围为-2.656‰～0.006‰,平均为-1.517‰;δ13C值变化范围为-1.510‰～0.778‰,平均为0.140‰.通过与有孔虫同位素分析结果相比较,发现钙质超微化石δ^18O高于浮游有孔虫而低于底栖有孔虫,δ13C值低于浮游有孔虫而高于底栖有孔虫.从平面分布来看,南海表层沉积钙质超微化石氧同位素在东北和西南各存在一个小于-1.5‰的低值区,碳同位素在东北存在一个小于0的低值区.钙质超微化石与有孔虫同位素值的差异性可能与其生命效应及生活环境有关.而钙质超微化石与有孔虫同位素平面分布规律上的不同也揭示了海水温度、盐度、营养水平等海洋参数可能对超微化石和有孔虫同位素的分馏起不同控制作用. 相似文献
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稳定同位素在天然气水合物地球化学勘查中的应用简介--以"布莱克海隆"海区为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
介绍了国外在布莱克海隆（包括ODP164航次994、995、997站位）进行天然气水合物勘查过程中应用稳定同位素的研究实例；通过对这3个站位样品的甲烷、CO2、DIC（dissolved inorganic carbon)、有机碳以及自生碳酸盐的δ^13C分析，指出浅部（0－30m)甲烷和DIC的δ^13C值随深度迅速降低又迅速升高的变化可以作为天然气水合物存在的地球化学指标。994站位孔隙水δ^18O值深度从0.30‰下降到-0.37‰；氢同位素δD随深度略有下降（从11‰到-12‰），这与水合物形成时氢氧重同位素相对富集于固相有关，表明天然气水合物的存在。997站位δ^37Cl从海底沉积物表层以下30m处为接近海水的最大值0，至钻孔底746.85m处降为-3.68‰，可能也与天然气水合物的形成有关。 相似文献
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南沙渚碧礁生态系营养关系的稳定碳同位素研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用稳定碳同位素分析技术研究了南沙渚碧礁生态系食物网主要生物类群之间的营养关系。结果表明，生物的稳定碳同位素组成与其营养来源有密切关系。浮游植物的δ^13C为-18.3‰，与其所处海域的环境条件一致，浮游动物的δ^13C值变化较大，范围为-20.4‰～-10.9‰,表明可能存在浮游植物和碎屑两种营养来源。珊瑚和砗磲的碳同位素组成（-17‰～-15‰）与浮游动物相差较大，暗示共生虫黄藻可能在这些珊瑚的营养来源中起重要作用。底栖海参（-9.6‰)和蜘蛛螺（-12.5‰)的碳同位不比组成与它们沉积物食性的营养特征吻合。鱼类的δ^13C值变化范围较大（-17.7‰～-10.9‰），未表现出随营养级升高而增大的趋势，说明影响鱼类碳同位素组成的因素比较复杂。 相似文献
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深海沉积物中有孔虫壳体的氧同位素成分(δ^18O)被广泛用做古气候变化标志，但是这种δ^18O的变化是由海水表面温度、全球冰体体积和区域盐度相互作用造成的，这三者的影响难以分开．最近已发展了一种根据浮游藻类中不饱和稀烃(alkenone)的丰度比值来计算古温度的技术．这里我们利用取自于阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾间的深海钻孔氧同位素和烯烃记录相结合的方法来提取盐度信号． 相似文献
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新的痕量同位素示踪剂在全球变化研究中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
最近，用高精度多通道电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定某些过渡金属，如Mo,Fe,Cu,Zn等同位素的组成，表明它们可作为全球变化研究中生物地球化学过程的示踪剂，现有的研究文献表明，Mo的同位素可用于古氧化还原环境研究，初步结果显示，海水中δ^97/95Mo的变化与海洋有氧与缺氧沉积物有直接的关系，可记录缺氧沉积物的来源，以此为基础，可用δ^97/95Mo的收支来估算从陆地进入海洋中Mo的通量和全球Mo同位素的收支；Fe同位素在一定程度上控制着海洋生物生产力的水平，其丰度也对气候变化有影响，但生物与非生物过程都可引起铁同位素的分馏，其δ^56/54Fe的变化都可达1‰，所以Fe同位素不能单独用来界定地质记录的Fe参与的过程是生物还是非生物控制，Cu,Zn的同位素也被用来研究生物地球化学过程的示踪剂，但目前报道不多，综述了这一领域的主要进展，集中阐述了同位素示踪样品的制备、纯化与测定方法，同位素在海洋环境变化研究中的应用，最后提出了这一领域可能的发展方向。 相似文献
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Soil-sized particulates have been collected on board ship by a mesh technique from the lower troposphere of the North, Equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean, northern and southern Indian Ocean, South and East China Sea and various coastal localities.Spectrographic analysis reveals that, on average, the particulates have concentrations of Mn, Ni, Co, Ga, Cr, V, Ba, and Sr which are of the same order of magnitude as those in average crustal material. In contrast, the average concentrations of Pb, Sn, and Zn are one order of magnitude higher than those in average crustal material.Within this “world-wide” average there are significant geographical variations in the distributions of Pb, Sn, and Zn which may be related to anthropogenic sources.On the basis of trace-element distributions lower tropospheric soil-sized marine particulates have been divided into four genetic components; local, zonal, inter-zonal, and global. The proportions of these components vary geographically, and each component may have both a natural and an anthropogenic fraction. 相似文献
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Tautog, Tautoga onitis, is an abundant species of fish in estuaries of the northeastern United States. Planktonic tautog larvae are abundant in summer in these estuaries, but there is little information on rates of growth of tautog larvae feeding on natural assemblages of food in the plankton. We examined abundance and growth of larval tautog and environmental factors during weekly sampling at three sites along a nearshore‐to‐offshore transect in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA during summer 1994. This is the first study of a robust sample size (336 larvae) to estimate growth rates of field‐caught planktonic tautog larvae feeding on natural diets, using the otolith daily‐growth‐increment method. The study was over the entire summer period when tautog larvae were in the plankton. The sampling sites contrasted in several environmental variables including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a concentration. There was a temporal progression in the abundance of tautog larvae over the summer, in relation to location and temperature. Tautog larvae were first present nearshore, with a pronounced peak in abundance occurring at the nearshore sites during the last 2 weeks in June. Larvae were absent at this time further offshore. From late June through August, larval abundance progressively decreased nearshore, but increased offshore although never approaching the abundance levels observed at the nearshore sites. The distribution and abundance of tautog larvae appeared to be related to a nearshore‐to‐offshore seasonal warming trend and a nearshore decrease in DO. Otoliths from 336 larvae ranging from 2.3 to 7.7 mm standard length had otolith increment counts ranging from 0 to 19 increments. Growth of larval tautog was estimated at 0.23 mm·day?1, and length of larvae prior to first increment formation was estimated at 2.8 mm indicating that first increment formation occurs 3–4 days after hatching at 2.2 mm. Despite spatial and temporal differences in environmental factors, there were no significant differences in growth rates at any of three given sites over time, or between sites. Because larval presence only occurred at a narrow range of temperature (17–23.5 °C) and DO (6.5–9.3 mg·l?1), in situ differences in growth did not appear to be because of differences in larval distribution and abundance patterns relative to these parameters. 相似文献
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Lars-Göran Danielsson 《Marine Chemistry》1980,8(3):199-215
Results of trace-metal analyses of water samples obtained during a cruise with the Soviet R.V. “Akademik Kurchatov” in the Indian Ocean are presented. The determinations were performed on board with atomic absorption spectrophotometry after a two-stage dithiocarbamate—Freon extraction procedure. Trace-metal concentrations found are in the same range as those found recently for similar open-ocean areas by other workers. The values for lead and zinc are probably high due to contamination. Vertical profiles indicate biogenic processes as controlling factors for the increase of cadmium, copper and nickel concentrations with depth. Iron shows an irregular depth distribution as a result of large random variations in concentration. 相似文献
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Klaus Kremling 《Marine Chemistry》1983,13(2):87-108
In June 1981, dissolved Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, and Mn were determined from two detailed profiles in anoxic Baltic waters (with extra data for Fe and Mn from August 1979). Dramatic changes across the O2H2S interface occur in the abundances of Cu, Co, Fe, and Mn (by factors of ?100). The concentrations of Zn, Cd, and Ni at the redox front decrease by factors between 3 to 5.Equilibrium calculations are presented for varying concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and compared with the field data. The study strongly supports the assumption that the solubility of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ni is greatly enhanced and controlled by the formation of bisulfide and(or) polysulfide complexes. Differences between predicted and measured concentrations of these elements are mainly evident at lower ΣH2S concentrations.Cobalt proved to be very mobile in anoxic regions, and the results indicate that the concentrations are limited by CoS precipitation. The iron (Fe2+) and manganese (Mn2+) distribution in sulfide-containing waters is controlled by total flux from sediment-water interfaces rather than by equilibrium concentrations of their solid phases (FeS and MnCO3). The concentrations of these metals are therefore expected to increase with prolonged stagnation periods in the basin. 相似文献
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P.N. Froelich L.W. Kaul J.T. Byrd M.O. Andreae K.K. Roe 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(3):239-264
Concentrations of dissolved nutrients (NO3, PO4, Si), germanium species, arsenic species, tin, barium, dimethylsulfide and related parameters were measured along the salinity gradient in Charlotte Harbor. Phosphate enrichment from the phosphate industry on the Peace River promotes a productive diatom bloom near the river mouth where NO3 and Si are completely consumed. Inorganic germanium is completely depleted in this bloom by uptake into biogenic opal. The ratio taken up by diatoms is about 0·7 × 10?6, the same as that provided by the river flux, confirming that siliceous organisms incorporate germanium as an accidental trace replacement for silica. Monomethylgermanium and dimethylgermanium concentrations are undetectable in the Peace River, and increase linearly with increasing salinity to the seawater end of the bay, suggesting that these organogermanium species behave conservatively in estuaries, and are neither produced nor consumed during estuarine biogenic opal formation or dissolution. Inorganic arsenic displays slight removal in the bloom. Monomethylarsenic is produced both in the bloom and in mid-estuary, while dimethylarsenic is conservative in the bloom but produced in mid-estuary. The total production of methylarsenicals within the bay approximately balances the removal of inorganic arsenic, suggesting that most biological arsenic uptake in the estuary is biomethylated and released to the water column. Dimethylsulfide increases with increasing salinity in the estuary and shows evidence of removal, probably both by degassing and by microbial consumption. An input of DMS is observed in the central estuary. The behavior of total dissolvable tin shows no biological activity in the bloom or in mid-estuary, but does display a low-salinity input signal that parallels dissolved organic material, perhaps suggesting an association between tin and DOM. Barium displays dramatic input behavior at mid-salinities, probably due to slow release from clays deposited in the harbor after catastrophic phosphate slime spills into the Peace River. 相似文献