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高温高压下斜长角闪岩弹性、电学性质及其地质意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在1.0GPa、室温至700℃条件下,分别采用超声波反射-投射法和阻抗谱法,测量了华北克拉通北缘绿泥石化斜长角闪岩的弹性波纵波速度和电导率.在常温、压力＞0.35 GPa的条件下,斜长角闪岩的弹性波纵波速度与压力呈线性关系,说明此时岩石中的微裂隙已经基本闭合.依据该线性关系,得到常温常压下斜长角闪岩的弹性波纵波速度为6.390 7 km/s,压力系数为0.160 6 km/(s·GPa).在1.0 GPa条件下,斜长角闪岩的弹性波纵波速度与温度呈线性关系,温度系数为-0.000 594 km/(s·℃).在1.0 GPa、200～700℃条件下,斜长角闪岩样品的电导率符合Arrhenius公式,指前因子为25.78～105.32 S/m,活化能为0.57～0.66 eV.利用实验获得的弹性波纵波速度及其温度系数和压力系数以及电导率与温度的关系,结合现今华北克拉通地热学的基本参数,计算得到斜长角闪岩的弹性波纵波速度-深度剖面和电导率-深度剖面,将二者分别与华北克拉通北缘深部地壳的弹性及电性结构进行对比的结果表明:高温高压下绿泥石化斜长角闪岩的弹性波纵波速度与该地区中地壳速度相当,电导率介于中、下地壳范围内.综合来看,实验的绿泥石化斜长角闪岩有可能是组成现今华北克拉通北缘的中地壳岩石之一. 相似文献
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华北地台太行-五台和阴山地块地壳物质组成——岩石地震波速实验证据 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在模拟地壳的温度和压力条件下,测定了华北地台太行－五台和阴山地块的主要变质岩群和侵入岩共５４个岩石样品的纵波速度（ｖｐ）．各类岩石的ｖｐ在约４～１０ｋｍ深度内上升很快,在１０～２５ｋｍ内继续增大,但是幅度变小,在该深度范围内达到了ｖｐ最大值;在３０～３５ｋｍ之后到５０ｋｍ深度内的ｖｐ都趋于恒定．综合对比地壳的波速结构和岩石的波速特征表明,在太行－五台地块,五台群、滹沱群和古老花岗岩岩类构成上地壳,阜平群和恒山群构成中地壳,集宁群代表了下地壳的岩石组成;在阴山地块,马家店群、二道凹群、色尔腾山群和古老侵入岩类是中地壳和上地壳的组成部分,乌拉山群岩石则是下地壳的代表 相似文献
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岩石孔隙流体对纵横波速度影响的实验研究及意义 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
我们用ＭＴＳ的超声波测试系统研究了地表岩样饱和水及孔隙压力对纵横波速度的影响。在实验研究中,分别在常温常压条件下测量了干燥岩石和完全饱水岩石的纵横波速度,并在模拟地层条件下,测量了岩石纵横波速度随孔隙压力的变化。实验结果显示：（１）岩石完全饱和水后,与干燥时相比,纵波速度将明显增加,最大可增加３０％,且岩石在干燥时的纵波速度越低速度增大的比例越大,但纵波速度增大的比例与孔隙度无明显关系。饱水前后横波速度几乎保持不变。（２）在模拟地层的温压条件下,当孔隙压力由低到高,纵横波速度均将线性减小,且横波速度比纵波速度下降的比例更大。据此,得到了识别地层异常高压和地层含气的地震速度标志。 相似文献
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《大地构造与成矿学》2015,(6)
太华群和登封群变质杂岩的锆石U-Pb定年结果统计表明,华北克拉通中部造山带南段地区在新太古代-古元古代期间存在至少四阶段岩浆活动(2.85~2.72 Ga,2.57~2.48 Ga,2.34~2.30 Ga和2.20~2.07 Ga)。与中部造山带中、北段地区相比,南段地区的新太古代早期的岩浆活动略早,并具有相对较强烈的古元古代早期(~2.3 Ga)岩浆活动。新太古代早期(2.85~2.72 Ga)的TTG质岩石整体具有正的全岩ε_(Hf)(t)和ε_(Nd)(t)值,并且有εHf(t)值偏高的Hf-Nd同位素解耦现象,其源区形成与地幔交代作用相关。新太古代末期-古元古代初期(2.57~2.48 Ga)的TTG质片麻岩主要为正的全岩εHf(t)和εNd(t)值,部分样品具有ε_(Hf)(t)值偏低的Hf-Nd同位素解耦现象,为锆石效应的结果,其岩石成因以初生地壳物质部分熔融为主,存在少量古老地壳物质的再循环作用。古元古代早期(2.34~2.30 Ga)TTG质岩石和古元古代中期(2.20~2.07 Ga)的富钾岩及TTG质岩石的全岩ε_(Hf)(t)和ε_(Nd)(t)值均为负值,并具ε_(Hf)(t)值明显偏低的Hf-Nd同位素解耦现象,均为锆石效应的结果,其岩石成因以古老地壳物质的再循环作用为主。太华群和登封群片麻岩的全岩Hf-Nd同位素解耦主要与其源区形成过程存在地幔交代作用或者锆石效应有关,而与石榴子石效应关系不大,表明各阶段TTG质岩石的高Sr/Y、(La/Yb)_N比值和低重稀土含量等特征不是继承自源区,而确实反映了较大压力深度的岩浆活动过程。总体上,新太古代早期-古元古代初期为华北克拉通中部造山带南段地区主要的地壳生长阶段,而古元古代早-中期主要为地壳再循环阶段。 相似文献
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中国西部地壳岩石密度及其组成 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究采用前人归纳的中国西部主要构造单元的P波波速结构来研究中国西部的地壳密度及组分特征。对地壳岩性推测依据:(1)实测地壳V_p值与实验室测量的常见不同岩性V_p值的对比,(2)根据波速(V_p)-密度(ρ)转换方法,将下地壳的P波波速结构转化为密度结构,并采用Monte Carlo法对密度值的误差进行估算。结果显示:除川西地区以外,中国西部各构造单元的(结晶)地壳密度值大于全球大陆地壳平均值2830 kg/m~3。中国西部各构造单元上地壳P波波速和密度均与中酸性岩类相当,中地壳P波波速和密度均与中性岩相当,下地壳P波波速和密度均与基性岩类相当。因此,中国西部上地壳是中酸性的,中地壳是中性的,下地壳是基性的。 相似文献
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本文在介绍重测临汝石梯沟－风穴寺登封群剖面和主要岩石特征的基础上，根据岩石组合、原岩建造序列等综合标志，自下而上将剑封群统一划分为下亚群石牌河组、郭家窑组、常窑组，上亚群石梯沟组。指出该群具花岗绿岩带特点。 相似文献
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塔里木西南缘下地壳低速层的成因：斜长角闪岩的纵波速度和衰减的限制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在1．0GPa，室温-1200℃条件下，测量了新疆库地地区斜长角闪岩的纵波速度(Vp)和品质因子(Q值)，得出在1．0GPa恒压下，Vp和Q值随温度和深度的变化关系。结果显示，Vp和Q值随温度的升高而下降，观察实验样品并结合Vp和Q值与熔体含量的关系，发现部分熔融是影响Vp和Q值变化的主要因素。依据实验结果，并结合区域上压力梯度和温度梯度资料计算了Vp和Q值随深度的变化。结果表明Vp和Q值先随深度的增加而缓慢增大，在32km左右开始突然减小，表明开始出现低速层。结合温度和熔体含量的关系得出，低速层的出现可能是部分熔融的结果。塔里木及周边地区的地震测深以及地震反演的结果也显示，在相同的温度和压力条件下，地壳内部32—44km的范围内存在低速层，同时高温高压的实验结果与阿拉木图地区的Vp值相当一致，可以推测塔里木西南缘下地壳的岩石成分中含有斜长角闪岩。 相似文献
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福建省闽南三角地区地球物理场特征是以永定—福州北东东向断裂带为界,南北两区的磁场、重力场、大地电磁场及应力场等均有明显差异。闽南三角地区的岩石圈厚度、地壳厚度变化大,莫霍面处的纵波速度(V_p)低,上地幔物质分异不彻底,活动断裂发育,地震活动频繁,可知该区地壳处于不稳定状态。应用地质及地球物理资料综合解释,依据地壳结构及构造、地震活动规律、活动断层分布及地震烈度等条件,在地壳区域不稳定的背景上,划分出三个地壳区域较稳定小区。 相似文献
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The ratio of P- to S-wave velocities (Vp/Vs) is regarded as one of the most diagnostic properties of natural rocks. It has been used as a discriminant of composition for the continental crust and provides valuable constraints on its formation and evolution processes. Furthermore, the spatial and temporal changes in Vp/Vs before and after earthquakes are probably the most promising avenue to understanding the source mechanics and possibly predicting earthquakes. Here we calibrate the variations in Vp/Vs in dry, anisotropic crustal rocks and provide a set of basic information for the interpretation of future seismic data from the Wenchuan earthquake Fault zone Scientific Drilling (WFSD) project and other surveys. Vp/Vs is a constant (φ0) for an isotropic rock. However, most of crustal rocks are anisotropic due to lattice-preferred orientations of anisotropic minerals (e.g., mica, amphibole, plagioclase and pyroxene) and cracks as well as thin compositional layering. The Vp/Vs ratio of an anisotropic rock measured along a selected pair of propagation-vibration directions is an apparent value (φij) that is significantly different from the value for its isotropic counterpart (φ0). The usefulness of apparent Vp/Vs ratios as a diagnostic of crustal composition depends largely on rock seismic anisotropy. A 5% of P- and S-wave velocity anisotropy is sufficient to make it impossible to determine the crustal composition using the conventional criteria (Vp/Vs<1.756 for felsic rocks, 1.756l.944 fluid-tidied porous/fractured or partially molten rocks) if the information about the wave propagation-polarization directions with respect to the tectonic framework is unknown. However, the variations in Vp/Vs measured from borehole seismic experiments can be readily interpreted according to the orientations of the ray path and the polarization of the shear waves with respect to the present-day principal stress directions (I.e., the orientation of cracks) and the frozen fabric (I.e., foliation and lineation). 相似文献
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豫西地区秦岭造山带武当群Nd-Hf同位素组成及其物源特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
武当群变质沉积-火山岩组合是南秦岭地体中重要的基底岩石,其形成时代和地球化学特征可以为理解秦岭造山带的构造演化提供重要的证据.本文报道豫西地区武当群上部沉积岩和下部中-酸性火山岩Sm-Nd同位素和锆石Lu-Hf同位素组成,探讨火山岩成因和沉积岩物源的同位素特征.上部沉积岩的碎屑锆石初始ε_(Hf)值变化在-30～+10之间,对应的模式年龄值t_(DM2)在1.0Ga至3.2Ga之间,初始ε_(Nd)值在-4.0至-6.0之间.沉积物源表现为主要与扬子陆块有亲缘关系的地壳物质和近源的下部火山岩混合的特征.火山岩的锆石初始εHf值变化在-35～+15之间,对应的模式年龄值t_(DM2)在0.8Ga至3.5Ga之间,集中于1.5～1.8Ga和2.2～2.4Ga两个峰值.2个变质石英角斑岩样品初始ε_(Nd)值分别为-9.2和-10.7,而报道的湖北武当群的玄武-安山质熔岩的初始ε_(Nd)值以正值为主.因此,武当群不同类型的火山岩可能存在着成因差异.具有低初始ε_(Nd)值和ε_(Hf)值特征的火山岩可能由地壳物质的重熔而形成的;有些火山岩具有初始ε_(Hf)值变化范围较大(-35～+15)或正初始ε_(Nd)值的特点,可能是壳、幔物质混合成因,有显著的幔源或新生地壳物质的贡献.武当群Nd-Hf同位素组成和碎屑锆石年龄分布特征表明,与扬子陆块有亲缘关系的南秦岭地体在元古代期间可能经历多期地壳增生和再造作用. 相似文献
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Ultrasonic compressional wave velocities (Vp) and shear wave velocities (Vs) were measured with varying pressure up to 1.0 GPa in a temperature range from 25 to 400 °C for a suite of tonalitic–gabbroic rocks of the Miocene Tanzawa plutonic complex, central Japan, which has been interpreted as uplifted and exposed deep crust of the northern Izu–Bonin–Mariana (IBM) arc. The Vp values of the tonalitic–gabbroic rocks increase rapidly at low pressures from 0.1 to 0.4 GPa, and then become nearly constant at higher pressures above 0.4 GPa. The Vp values at 1.0 GPa and 25 °C are 6.3–6.6 km/s for tonalites (56.4–71.1 wt.% SiO2), 6.8 km/s for a quartz gabbro (53.8 wt.% SiO2), and 7.1–7.3 km/s for a hornblende gabbro (43.2–47.7 wt.% SiO2). Combining the present data with the P wave velocity profile of the northern IBM arc, we infer that 6-km-thick tonalitic crust exists at mid-crustal depth (6.1–6.3 km/s Vp) overlying 2-km-thick hornblende gabbroic crust (6.8 km/s Vp). Our model shows large differences in acoustic impedance between the tonalite and hornblende gabbro layers, being consistent with the strong reflector observed at 12-km-depth in the IBM arc. The measured Vp of Tanzawa hornblende-bearing gabbroic rocks (7.1–7.3 km/s) is significantly lower than that Vp modeled for the lowermost crustal layer of the northern IBM arc (7.3–7.7 km/s at 15–22 km depth). We propose that the IBM arc consists of a thick tonalitic middle crust and a mafic lower crust. 相似文献
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笔者利用地球物理综合剖面上获取的P波速度值，对岩石圈地壳进行分层研究，划分出上、中、下地壳。按照大地构造单元进行数据的归类总结，计算出地壳各层平均速度和厚度值，以及地壳的平均速度和厚度值，最终通过所取得的数据资料的分析研究，探讨地球内部结构的动力学过程。 相似文献
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闽北前寒武纪变质岩的P—T—t轨迹和其形成的动力学过程 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
闻北前寒武纪变质岩是华夏古陆基底的重要组成部分。本文通过对闽北麻源群和马面山群变质岩详细的变质变形关系的研究和石榴子石环带测定P-T-t轨迹的应用,结合构造地质和同位素年代学的资料,证实了麻源群变质岩形成于早元古代或更老年代,在早元古代末期遭受过中压、中高温变质,但在晚元古代晋宁期与中元古代形成的马面山群岩石一起经历了强烈的变质变形作用,表现为早元古代麻源群岩石遭受强烈改造,具有早期地壳再活化特点。麻源群岩石完整的晋宁期变质P-T-t轨迹不支持正常大陆碰撞的假说,它的形成与异常的地幔热流有关,很可能为一种地壳增厚和地幔减薄的动力学模式。 相似文献
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We present new geochemical analyses of minerals and whole rocks for a suite of mafic rocks from the crustal section of the
Othris Ophiolite in central Greece. The mafic rocks form three chemically distinct groups. Group 1 is characterized by N-MORB-type
basalt and basaltic andesite with Na- and Ti-rich clinopyroxenes. These rocks show mild LREE depletion and no HFSE anomalies,
consistent with moderate degrees (~15%) of anhydrous partial melting of depleted mantle followed by 30–50% crystal fractionation.
Group 2 is represented by E-MORB-type basalt with clinopyroxenes with higher Ti contents than Group 1 basalts. Group 2 basalts
also have higher concentrations of incompatible trace elements with slightly lower HREE contents than Group 1 basalts. These
chemical features can be explained by ~10% partial melting of an enriched mantle source. Group 3 includes high MgO cumulates
with Na- and Ti-poor clinopyroxene, forsteritic olivine, and Cr-rich spinel. The cumulates show strong depletion of HFSE,
low HREE contents, and LREE enrichments. These rocks may have formed by olivine accumulation from boninitic magmas. The petrogenesis
of the N-MORB-type basalts and basaltic andesites is in excellent agreement with the melting conditions inferred from the
MOR-type peridotites in Othris. The occurrence of both N- and E-MORB-type lavas suggests that the mantle generating the lavas
of the Othris Ophiolite must have been heterogeneous on a comparatively fine scale. Furthermore, the inferred parental magmas
of the SSZ-type cumulates are broadly complementary to the SSZ-type peridotites found in Othris. These results suggest that
the crustal section may be genetically related to the mantle section. In the Othris Ophiolite mafic rocks recording magmatic
processes characteristic both of mid-ocean ridges and subduction zones occur within close spatial association. These observations
are consistent with the formation of the Othris Ophiolite in the upper plate of a newly created intra-oceanic subduction zone.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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中条山早元古代变质岩石的PTt轨迹和构造演化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中条山早元古代变质岩石呈北东向分布，经历了中低级变质作用。本文在变质作用研究的基础上，结合地质构造和显微构造，利用近来发展的石榴石环带定量测量Ｐ－Ｔ轨迹的技术，建立了绛县群和中条群泥质岩石经历的ＰＴｔ轨迹。ＰＴｔ轨迹表明绛县群经历拉张作用，地壳发生抬升，产生绿片岩相变质；在中条第Ⅰ期运动中，地壳略有增厚或不变升温和抬升，产生低角闪岩相变质；而中条群岩石经历低绿片岩相埋深变质后，于中条第Ⅰ期运动中， 相似文献
18.
苏鲁超高压变质岩区深部流体He-Ar的系统关系：中国大陆科学钻探工程在线流体监测的解析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
中国大陆科学钻探工程在线监测从泥浆中分离出的气体地球化学组成揭示了一段重要的气体异常,从2004年12月24日夜里开始到12月29日晚上结束。从12月10日到24日晚上11点30分的气体的Ar、He和N2基本上沿着趋势A分布,而12月26日早上7点半到29日晚上7点半的数据沿趋势C分布。相对于趋势A,趋势C中的气体含有相对升高的Ar,Ar/He和Ar/N2的平均值分别为3653和0.0142,明显高于空气的比值1800和0.0119。趋势A中的气体的Ar/He和Ar/N2比值分别围绕1851和0.0118变化,其中的Ar/He比值稍微高于空气的比值,但Ar/N2比值近似于空气比值,表明背景地下流体含非常低的Ar,而He和N2主要是大气组分。在趋势A和趋势C之间的数据(时间段B)具有和空气接近的Ar/N2比值,但平均Ar/He比值为3265,明显高于空气比值,反映了该段气体具有相对亏损的He。苏鲁-大别山地区的热年代学研究已经表明云母和角闪石的Ar/Ar的冷却年龄大大地高于磷灰石或锆石的He的冷却年龄,说明Ar在超高压变质地体折返早期就已封闭,而He一直保持开放状态,直到超高压变质岩接近地表。这种Ar和He对温度变化的不同反应,导致大部分的He在超高压岩石折返过程中脱气并释放到空气中,Ar则相对圈闭在固体岩石或封闭的断裂带中。在He-Ar的系统关系上,表现为来自于超高压岩石或断裂带中的流体具有富集Ar、亏损He及升高的Ar/He比值。气体组分从趋势A向趋势C的骤然跳跃,反映了地下流体组分的强烈变化,即具有相对富集Ar的深部流体的贡献大大增强。 相似文献
19.
P-wave velocities of polymineralic rocks: comparison of theory and experiment and test of elastic mixture rules 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We compare the P-wave velocities (Vp) of 696 dry samples measured at pressures up to 0.6–1.0 GPa with values calculated from the volume fraction and room pressure elastic constants of each constituent mineral using 16 averaging methods. The exceptional large number of samples covers almost all common lithologic types of igneous and metamorphic rocks. The calculated Vp data are in good agreement with laboratory values measured at about 300 MPa, even though elastic constants of only 22 common minerals are used in the computation. The mean Vp of a polymineralic rock is exclusively controlled by the volume fractions of its constituent minerals while grain shape and crystallographic preferred orientations, anisotropy and other perturbations have minimum effects. The mean Vp can be fairly well predicted as long as a relevant mixture rule is used and the volume fraction is accurately determined for each mineral. However, none of the mixture rules can simultaneously produce the best fit to measured P-wave velocities for all the lithologic types. One method may work well for one lithology but poor for other lithology. Even for a given lithology, an averaging method may yield good agreement at moderate pressure but poor agreement at high pressure. Applications of an inappropriate mixture rule will potentially cause the misinterpretation of the crust and mantle Vp data in terms of mineralogical compositions and structures. 相似文献
20.
《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy》2000,25(2):215-218
The experiments on amphibolite and sandstone samples pressurized by gas (‘dry conditions’), pure water and water solutions of different composition under temperatures up to 850 °C at equal confining and pore pressure of 300 MPa revealed the different Vp behavior. On heating under gas pressure Vp decreases within all the temperature range, on heating under pressure of water and water solutions Vp at first decreases, but reaching a minimum value at temperature of about 650 °C increases. In order to interpret these data Vp, porosity, permeability and pore size distributions were measured on quenched samples. Microstructure and microprobe investigations also were carried out. The results obtained revealed porosity and permeability changes due to the rock microstructure changes with Vp trends synchronously. These microstructure changes initiating Vp changes were associated with rock thermal decompaction and geochemical transformation caused by the effects of water fluids of different composition, metasomatic and hydration-dehydration reactions, silicification and phase transitions (α-β quartz transition and partial melting).The experimental data demonstrated that the presence of fluids with different composition might lead to occurrence of different Vp values in the rock of the same type. Hence, seismic boundaries may occur in the rocks of the same chemical composition. 相似文献