共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
《矿物学报》2016,(1)
西藏多龙矿集区铁格隆南铜(金-银)矿床是西藏第一例得到确认的浅成低温热液矿床。矿床中黄铁矿发育广泛且特征明显,矿区钻孔浅部内的黄铁矿发育环带状结构,这在其他类型铜矿床中较少见。本文通过系统的野外钻孔地质编录、镜下鉴定和电子探针分析等对矿区广泛发育的黄铁矿进行了矿物学特征、微量元素及特有的环带状结构进行了系统的研究,并解释环带状黄铁矿的成因及其地质意义。结果表明:铁格隆南矿床内黄铁矿的环带为生长不连续形成的。环带状黄铁矿的环带从核部到边缘,其Co/Ni比值,Au、Cu和Se等元素含量呈现出一定的韵律变化,形成外部环带时流体的温度依次增高且均高于矿物内部环带形成时的温度,并且外部环带形成时流体内Au、Cu和Se元素的含量高于内部环带形成时流体内含量。环带状黄铁矿内的Au是以Au+替换Fe2+的形式进入黄铁矿晶格,而Cu一部分以Cu2+置换Fe2+形成Cu S2形式存在,一部分以含铜硫化物包体的形式存在。矿区环带状黄铁矿多数发育在矿体浅部,接近铜矿化强烈的位置,且该位置Au、Ag和Cu元素的品位均较高。因此,环带状黄铁矿可以作为铁格隆南矿区Au、Ag和Cu元素开始富集的指示标志。 相似文献
2.
内蒙赤峰安家营子金矿微量元素特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对未蚀变岩石、近矿蚀变围岩及矿区内产出的黄铁矿中微量元素的分析对比，指出本区最佳指示元素是Ａｕ、Ｃｕ、Ｂｉ、Ｐｂ、Ｍｏ、Ａｓ；矿区产出的黄铁矿都富含Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｂｉ，但富金黄铁矿中还富含Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｐｂ；成矿温度影响着含金黄铁矿中微量元素含量，成矿温度高的矿床中黄铁矿之Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｈｇ、Ｚｎ含量低，而更富金 相似文献
3.
安徽铜陵冬瓜山矿床矿石硫化物环带及地质意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
安徽冬瓜山矿床是铜陵矿集区内一个重要的大型铜(金)矿床,颇受关注,成因认识分歧较大。矿床内块状硫化物矿石中普遍发育以黄铁矿为核部、黄铜矿为中间带、磁黄铁矿为边部带的硫化物环带。这些环带核部黄铁矿多呈自形-半自形晶,黄铜矿呈他形晶围绕黄铁矿沉淀,磁黄铁矿呈他形分布在黄铜矿外围,内带常被外带硫化物溶蚀交代。硫同位素分析结果显示,环带中硫化物矿物的硫同位素(δ34S=1.6‰~5.1‰)具有岩浆硫源特征,同时从核部黄铁矿到中间带黄铜矿,再到边部磁黄铁矿δ34S值逐渐降低。以上特征表明环带从内到外硫化物之间并非平衡共生关系,而是黄铁矿、黄铜矿和磁黄铁矿先后依次晶出。硫化物环带核部粗粒黄铁矿(粒径大于1.5cm)的Co、Ni含量分别为292×10-6~1504×10-6和32.7×10-6~39.9×10-6,Co/Ni=7.32~46.0(平均26.7),与海底火山喷流沉积型黄铁矿的Co、Ni特征基本一致。核部黄铁矿由颗粒中心向边缘,Fe/S原子比值、Mo和Co含量先逐渐升高,再逐渐降低,而Cu、Zn等成矿元素主要富集于颗粒边缘,并向边缘有逐渐升高趋势。与此同时,细粒黄铁矿(粒径小于0.5cm)中的Cu、Zn等元素的含量明显高于粗粒黄铁矿。环带中三种硫化物矿物的REE配分曲线和微量元素蛛网图极为相似,相对富集LREE、Rb、Th等元素,而亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Sr、Ba和HREE等元素,由环带核部到边部δEu逐渐减小,与矿区石英二长闪长(玢)岩表现出较高的相似性。以上特征综合分析表明,冬瓜山铜(金)矿床中硫化物环带经历了以下形成过程:石炭纪海底喷流沉积作用在矿区形成沉积黄铁矿,到燕山期,在区内强烈的构造-岩浆活动作用下,致使早期沉积的黄铁矿首先发生变质重结晶作用,形成粒状黄铁矿,随后岩浆热液对其进行叠加改造,并在岩浆热液作用下相继围绕粒状黄铁矿增生,依次沉淀出热液型黄铁矿、黄铜矿和磁黄铁矿,最终形成硫化物环带。这一认识,结合硫化物环带中元素及硫同位素特征进一步表明冬瓜山铜(金)矿床的形成先后经历了古生代海底喷流沉积成矿作用和燕山期岩浆热液成矿作用,矿床中的成矿物质(特别是Cu、Zn等成矿元素)主要来源于燕山期岩浆热液,但石炭系海底喷流沉积作用也提供了部分物质(例如,Fe、S、Mo、Co和Ni等)。此外,环带中微量元素的变化特征表明,随着硫化物环带的形成,成矿热液系统的温度、硫逸度和氧逸度逐渐降低和(或)p H值升高。 相似文献
4.
滇黔桂“金三角”卡林型金矿含砷黄铁矿和毒砂的矿物学研究 总被引：21，自引：5，他引：16
滇黔桂"金三角"卡林型金矿不同矿床亚类的典型矿床硫化物显微镜下观察和电子探针显微分析(EP-MA)表明,含砷黄铁矿和毒砂是主要的载金矿物.载金黄铁矿主要以环带状含砷黄铁矿、细粒自形含砷黄铁矿为主.环带状黄铁矿核部贫As、Au,富S、Fe,而环带则相反,且Au与As具有正相关关系.核部贫As的黄铁矿成因复杂,既有成矿早阶段的热液成因,又有受热液蚀变交代的沉积成因.核部和环带是不同成矿阶段的产物.元素的相关关系表明环带中As主要取代S的位置.多环带的特点还表明,热液活动是脉动式的,含矿流体化学成分也是在不断变化的.不论是核部还是环带,均有Au含量高出检出限的测点,但环带是主要的载金部位.细粒含砷黄铁矿为均质结构,具有高As、Au,低S、Fe的特点,类似环带状黄铁矿的环带特征,推测与富砷环带是同期热液活动形成的.毒砂-黄铁矿集合体中的黄铁矿分为环带结构和均质结构2种,并分别具有上述2种黄铁矿的特点.载金毒砂可以细分为3个世代,具均质结构,热液成因.各世代毒砂Au含量均有高出检出限的测点,同时Au、As、S、Fe的含量变化不大,均为主成矿阶段的产物.载金矿物的结晶顺序为:贫砷的沉积成因或早阶段热液成因黄铁矿→富砷的细粒黄铁矿颗粒和富砷黄铁矿环带→毒砂.黄铁矿和毒砂中的Au在EPMA微束的分辨率下均显示分布是不均匀的,环带状黄铁矿中Au元素图出现的均匀结构可能为一种假象,说明金主要以"不可见"的纳米级超显微包裹金形式存在,少量为"不可见"晶格金和微米级显微"可见金".整个滇黔桂"金三角"卡林型金矿不同亚类矿床之间的载金矿物特征和金的赋存状态没有本质区别,说明它们具有相同的成矿作用过程和成矿背景. 相似文献
5.
中国不同成因类型金矿床的黄铁矿成分标型特征及统计分析 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
黄铁矿是各类矿床中普遍出现的矿物,在金矿床中更是重要的载金矿物,对其成分标型进行深入研究可以获得大量成因信息。近些年对于各个矿区黄铁矿成分标型的研究很多,但对各成因类型金矿床中黄铁矿的成分标型特征进行系统研究的文献还未见报道。文章提出用δFe-δS的投图方法对各成因类型金矿床的黄铁矿主量元素进行研究,并得出了各类型金矿床黄铁矿的主量元素标型特征。对于金矿床中黄铁矿的微量元素特征,文中运用Co-Ni-As质量比三角图对各成因类型金矿床中的黄铁矿微量元素进行分析,得出了各成因类型金矿床黄铁矿微量元素标型特征。火山热液型、岩浆热液型、变质热液型和卡林型金矿床具有各自不同特征：火山热液型微量元素富含Mo、Sn中温元素,岩浆热液型富含Ti、Cr、Mo、Hg高中低温元素,变质热液型富含Ti、Cr高温元素,卡林型富含Tl（253×10-6）、Hg（547.52×10-6）低温元素,与Au相关的元素也各有区别,火山热液型和岩浆热液型以Se、Te等为特征,变质热液型以Sb,Bi等为特征,卡林型以Hg、Tl、Zn等为特征,主微量元素蛛网图显示各类型矿床元素演化趋势各异,含量也各异。Co-Ni-As图显示火山热液和岩浆热液具有相同的分布区（1或2区）,而变质热液和卡林型各有自己的分布区（3和4区）。S同位素数据显示各成因类型的S来源于各自的花岗岩、变质岩、沉积岩,δ34S变化范围从浅成低温热液型、岩浆热液型、变质热液型到卡林型依次增大。因此,黄铁矿主微量元素蛛网图、δFe-δS的主量元素投图方法,以及Co-Ni-As微量元素投图方法是良好的黄铁矿成分标型研究方法。我们的研究结果对金矿中黄铁矿标型的研究以及金矿床的成因类型判别和找矿具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
6.
贵州贞丰水银洞金矿是中国"滇黔桂"金三角地区最具代表性的超大型卡林型金矿床之一。黄铁矿和毒砂是水银洞金矿的主要载金矿物。背散射电子图像和NanoSIMS高分辨率元素面扫描分析显示载金黄铁矿普遍发育环带结构,不同环带的微量元素种类和含量有显著差别。如增生环带富集Au、Cu、As元素,而核部则相对贫这些元素,富Se。同时,即使在富Au环带中,Au和微量元素也并非均匀分布,环带之中又发育次一级环带。这表明热液来源呈现阶段性和"脉冲式"特征。在元素面扫描分析(Mapping)基础上,本次研究对载金黄铁矿中不同成分特征的核部和环带分别进行了原位硫同位素分析。结果表明:黄铁矿核部的δ34S值变化范围为1.3‰~6.5‰,而富金环带的δ34S值为-3.5‰~7.4‰。与国内外同类矿床的硫同位素特征比较之后发现,这些硫同位素显示岩浆硫特征,暗示载金黄铁矿的硫主要来源于深源岩浆。计算表明,有部分沉积硫混入了成矿流体。最终,我们为水银洞金矿建立了岩浆-热液模式:从深源岩浆分异出的超临界气-液流体携带Au、As等元素沿区域深断裂上升,在区域不整合面和灰家堡背斜轴部破碎带等构造薄弱部位,通过充填、交代围岩的方式沉淀成矿。大气降水的淋滤和渗透在一定程度上有利于金矿化。 相似文献
7.
右江盆地是世界上卡林型金矿床最集中的地区之一,盆地南缘的滇东南地区是其重要组成部分。茶花寨金矿床为滇东南地区产于印支运动不整合面附近的代表性金矿床,黄铁矿为主要的载金矿物,其环带特征明显,为认识该区卡林型金矿成矿作用提供了理想的实例。本文在野外考察及镜下观察的基础上,通过LA-ICPMS分析技术,对茶花寨金矿床中不同期次黄铁矿开展了原位微量元素组成分析,以总结不同成矿阶段金的富集特征与关键控制因素。研究结果表明,该矿床黄铁矿存在3个期次：沉积成因的Py1,包括草莓状黄铁矿Py1a和环带状黄铁矿核部Py1b,交代成因的中间环带Py2,热液成因最外侧环带Py3。其中,Py1b富集Sb、Pb、Zn等元素,Py2富集As、Co、Ni,Py3则具有较高的Au、As、Cu、Sb含量和稍高的Se、Hg、Tl含量。三者对比显示,Py2中As含量最高,Py1b和Py2除As以外的其他微量元素含量接近或Py2中含量稍低,二者Co/Ni比值均在0.1附近,表明Py2为Py1b受热液交代改造形成;而Py3中微量元素组成与Py1b和Py2差异明显,指示其热液成因,且Py3中Co、Ni含量相较Py1b和Py2更低... 相似文献
8.
太平洞金矿床是我国黔西南地区典型的卡林型金矿床之一。然而,由于发现时间短,其勘探和研究程度较低,对矿床成因模式和成矿机制的认识有待深入。本文在野外调查的基础上,详细分析了太平洞金矿床矿石的显微组构特征,对主要载金矿物——黄铁矿进行了岩相学鉴定、电子探针成分分析(EPMA)以及Nano-SIMS微量元素面扫描(Mapping)和原位微区硫同位素分析。显微镜下观察发现,矿石中的黄铁矿按形态分为草莓状黄铁矿、半自形?自形黄铁矿以及不规则状黄铁矿。电子探针成分分析表明黄铁矿中含有As(0～8.482%)、Au(0～0.092%)、Co(0.059%～0.195%)、Cu(0～0.407%)、Cr(0～0.083%)、Zn(0～0.016%)等多种微量元素。元素相关性分析证实As与S呈负相关关系。背散射电子图像(BSE)显示载金黄铁矿普遍发育环带结构,根据As元素的分布特征将环带黄铁矿细分可为PyⅠ(核部贫As的黄铁矿)和PyⅡ(核部富As的黄铁矿)两类。载金环带黄铁矿的元素面扫描及原位微区硫同位素分析表明:PyⅠ核部富Zn、Cr、Ni元素,贫As,δ34S值多分布在1.1‰～5.9‰,环带则相对富集As、Au、Cu、Mn等元素,δ34S值为–0.7‰～4.7‰;PyⅡ包括成矿期形成的富As核部(δ34S值分别为0.6‰、4.7‰)和宽度不等的增生环带(δ34S值为–1.6‰、3.7‰)。通过对比国内外卡林型金矿载金黄铁矿原位硫同位素特征,推断贵州太平洞金矿床中的硫来源于深部岩浆硫。同时,Nano-SIMS元素面扫描分析对BSE图像显示的黄铁矿环带中元素的分布进行了高分辨率的呈现,揭示了环带尺度的元素分带性——成矿过程中流体活动的"脉冲"效应,即增生环带往往是由更次一级的生长环带所组成的。高分辨率的元素面扫描结合原位微区硫同位素分析表明,黔西南地区的卡林型金矿的形成可能源于深部就位的岩浆分异出的载金气?液流体沿断裂系统经长距离运移到达地表,并充填?交代围岩成矿。 相似文献
9.
为探讨黑龙江省东宁县金厂特大型金矿床角砾筒型和蚀变岩(石英脉)型两种矿化类型的关系,系统采集样品,利用LA-ICPMS方法对4个成矿阶段黄铁矿微量元素进行了原位点分析和面扫描。结果表明,金厂金矿黄铁矿富含As、Co、Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag、Sb、Se、Te、Bi,含少量W、Mo、Sn。两种类型金矿化,从第一成矿阶段到第四成矿阶段,黄铁矿微量金属元素成分及其变化具有相对一致的脉动演化规律,总体表现为从高Co、Ni低As向高As低Co、Ni演化,Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn集中在第二、第三成矿阶段。研究认为,金厂金矿区不同矿化类型、不同金矿体属同一斑岩系统、不同空间位置产物;黄铁矿中As、Au+Ag、Cu、Pb+Zn含量,微量元素总量以及成分环带发育情况是评价金(多金属)矿化强度、伴生成矿元素以及富矿部位的有效指标。LA-ICPMS方法对黄铁矿微量元素的面扫描能高效经济地识别不同阶段黄铁矿,并简单量化其微量元素变化特征。 相似文献
10.
粤西大降坪超大型黄铁矿矿床微量元素特征及其成因意义 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
研究了大降坪超大型黄铁矿矿床中Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ａｓ等在不同岩石、矿石及黄铁矿中的含量，除Ｐｂ作为综合利用外，其余均为工业利用价值，原始热水沉积的条带状矿石与经后期热液叠加变富的块状矿石具有不同的微量元素的组成，矿石与岩石的一些元素比值和图解可作为两类矿石成因的判据。 相似文献
11.
Mineral assemblages formed during hydrothermal alteration reflect the geochemical composition
of ore-forming fluids. Gold is mainly transported in solution as AueCl and AueS complexes. The
change of physicochemical conditions such as temperature, pressure, oxygen fugacity, and sulfur fugacity
are effective mechanisms for gold precipitation. Gold tends to be concentrated in the vapor phase of fluids
at high temperatures and pressures. AueAs and AueSb associations are common in gold deposit. Native
antimony and/or arsenic e native gold assemblages may precipitate from hydrothermal fluids with low
sulfur fugacity. Hydrothermal fluids forming epithermal gold deposits are Au-saturated in most cases,
whereas fluids of Carlin-type are Au-undersaturated. Quasi-steady As-bearing pyrite extracts solid solution
Au from hydrothermal fluids through absorption. The capability of As-bearing pyrite to absorb Au
from under-saturated fluid is the key to the formation of large-scale Carlin-type deposits. With increasing
new data, studies on the geochemistry of gold deposits can be used to trace the origin of ore-forming
fluids, the source of gold, and the transporting form of Au and other ore-forming elements, such as Si,
S, F, Cl, As and Ag. 相似文献
12.
黄铁矿晶胞参数计算及某些杂质含量分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以我国不同成因黄铁矿的微量元素分析、晶胞参数以及其他物理性质为基础,得出含钴镍黄铁矿的晶胞参数公式:a=5.4175+0.00124X+0.00271Y(X和Y分别代表CoS_2、NiS_2的摩尔百分数)。本文也考虑了As置换对黄铁矿晶胞参数的影响。根据我国207个黄铁矿的不同成因和化学分析结果,可以将它们分别归于16种矿床类型,其中钴黄铁矿仅产于沉积变质似层状铜矿床、沉积变质富铁矿中铜钴硫化物矿床以及某些富钴矽卡岩铁矿。指出与不同岩体(如S型。I型)有关的黄铁矿,以及不同变质作用(如有深部热卤水参与的沉积变质、区域变质)、火山作用有关的黄铁矿杂质元素标型特征的差异,并指出Se含量与S/Se对于区分岩浆热液矿床与沉积岩、层控Pb-Zn矿、卡林型金矿的意义。 相似文献
13.
Shuiyindong is one of the largest and highest grade stratabound Carlin-type gold deposits in China. This paper reports on the results of petrographic studies, electron microprobe analyses (EMPA) of arsenian pyrite, and the mass transfer during mineralization and alteration, and it presents the deposit-scale distributions of Au, As, Sb, Hg, Tl, and trace elements in a representative cross section across the Shuiyindong Carlin-type gold deposit, Guizhou Province. The main objectives were to identify the precipitation mechanisms of minerals, or elements from fluids, and the migration paths of ore-forming fluids.Petrographic and EMPA studies indicate that gold in the primary ores is mainly hosted by arsenian pyrite. Mass transfer associated with alteration and mineralization shows that Au, As, Sb, Hg, Tl, and S were significantly added to all mineralized rocks, Fe2O3 and SiO2 were immobile in the main orebodies that are hosted in bioclastic limestone, and CaO, Na2O, Sr, and Li were removed from country rocks. The relations between Fe and S indicate that the sedimentary rocks at the Shuiyindong deposit contain more iron than is needed to combine with all of their contained sulfur to form pyrite. This suggests that sulfidation and decarbonation were the principal mechanism of gold precipitation at the Shuiyindong deposit. Hg, Sb, and As commonly formed sulfide minerals, such as stibnite, realgar, and orpiment, in late-stage quartz–calcite veins, or absorbed by organic matter in argillite. Fluid cooling presumably led to depositions of stibnite, realgar, and orpiment in late-stage quartz–calcite veins. Organic matter likely served as a reductant in argillite for the ore fluids, causing the precipitation of As, Sb, Hg, and S, as well as Au.Deposit-scale distributions of gold and other relevant elements reflect the passage of fluids through the rocks. Rock strata and structures allowed the ore-forming fluids to migrate horizontally along the unconformity surface of the Middle–Upper Permian, converge on the high position of an anticline, and then ascend into the overlying strata along the anticlinal axis. The distributions of the major and trace elements show that elements that accompanied the ore-forming fluids include Au, As, Sb, Hg, Tl, and S, and that Na2O and Li were exhausted in the Longtan Formation at the anticlinal core during gold mineralization. The enrichment of Co, Cr, and Ni in the Longtan Formation at the anticlinal core might be associated with deformation that formed the anticline, or with gold mineralization. Different host rocks were preferentially mineralized by different elements. The bioclastic limestone is commonly enriched in Au, whereas the argillite is preferentially enriched in As, Hg, Sb, and Tl. The zonation of ore-forming elements in the deposit appears to be Sb–Tl–As–Hg–Au–Hg–As (from bottom to top). Enrichment of Au, As, Sb, Hg, and Tl provides useful guidance for the exploration for Carlin-type gold deposits in Guizhou. Anomalies of As and Hg in soil or stream sediment might be an important clue and these elements can be used as indicator elements. Ore-forming fluids migrated along the unconformity surface of the Middle–Upper Permian and the anticlinal axis, so these are favorable sites for exploration for Carlin-type gold deposits in Guizhou. 相似文献
14.
Trace Elements in Fluid Inclusions in the Carlin—Type Gold Deposits,Southwestern Guizhou Province 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
Fluid inclusions in quartz from the Lannigou and Yata Carlin-type gold deposits in southwestern Guizhou were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for their trace elements(Co,Ni,Cu,Pb,Zn,Pt,etc.).The results show that quartz fluid inclusions entrapped at different ore-forming stages contain higher Co,Ni,Cu,Pb and Zn.It has been found for the first time that the ore-forming fluids responsible for the Carlin-type gold deposits are rich in Pt.From this it can be concluded that basic volcanic rocks seem to be one of the important sources of ore-forming materials for the Carlin-type gold deposits. 相似文献
15.
西秦岭地区是中国最重要的金矿矿集区之一,除产出少数夕卡岩型金矿床外,几乎所有的其他金矿床都可归并为造山型、卡林型和类卡林型3种类型。研究表明,西秦岭地区中生代花岗岩主要形成于中晚三叠世,而金矿成矿主要集中在晚三叠世,它们都是华北板块与华南板块碰撞导致的秦岭造山作用的产物。西秦岭地区造山型金矿床主要赋存在泥盆系和石炭系一套复杂的构造变形和区域变质的绿片岩相岩中,主要受北西西向脆韧性剪切带控制,成矿元素组合主要为Au-Ag。矿石中含有大量显微自然金、银金矿,明金可见。成矿流体主要为变质流体。由造山作用引起的强烈构造运动为成矿流体提供了运移通道,为矿质沉淀提供了有利的场所。虽然一些造山型金矿床与中酸性岩体相邻,但矿化与岩浆活动不具直接的成因关系。西秦岭地区卡林型金矿床主要产于轻微变质的寒武系至三叠系沉积岩中,明显受地层、岩性和构造控制。金矿床中的金以超显微金和存在于含砷黄铁矿与毒砂晶格中的固溶体金为主。成矿元素组合为Au-As-Hg-Sb-Ba。成矿流体由早期形成的地层水被后期大气降水补给活化形成,也有部分岩浆水或变质水的加入。在伸展背景下大气降水通过循环演化形成了较浅层次的流体系统,导致Au等成矿元素发生沉淀而形成浸染状矿石。西秦岭地区类卡林型金矿床主要产于浅变质沉积岩建造中,受脆韧性剪切带的控制,并形成于花岗岩岩体附近。与造山型、卡林型金矿床最大的不同之处在于,类卡林型金矿床的形成与同时期的岩浆活动有密切的成因关系。矿石中存在显微自然金,载金矿物主要为黄铁矿、含砷黄铁矿和碲化物。成矿热液主要是岩浆水与变质水、建造水的混合流体。与造山型金矿床类似,流体不混溶导致类卡林型金矿床的形成。 相似文献
16.
Petrography, mineralogy and geochemistry of the Zarshuran Carlin-like gold deposit, northwest Iran 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gold mineralisation at Zarshuran, northwestern Iran, is hosted by Precambrian carbonate and black shale formations which
have been intruded by a weakly mineralised granitoid. Granitoid intrusion fractured the sedimentary rocks, thereby improving
conditions for hydrothermal alteration and mineralisation. Silicification is the principal hydrothermal alteration along with
decalcification and argillisation. Three hydrothermal sulphide mineral assemblages have been identified: an early assemblage
of pyrrhotite, pyrite and chalcopyrite; then widespread base metal sulphides, lead-sulphosalts and zoned euhedral arsenical
pyrite; and finally late network arsenical pyrite, massive and colloform arsenical pyrite, colloform sphalerite, coloradoite,
and arsenic–antimony–mercury–thallium-bearing sulphides including orpiment, realgar, stibnite, getchellite, cinnabar, lorandite
and a Tl-mineral, probably christite. Most of the gold at Zarshuran is detectable only by quantitative electron microprobe
and bulk chemical analyses. Gold occurs mainly in arsenical pyrite and colloform sphalerite as solid solution or as nanometre-sized
native gold. Metallic gold is found rarely in hydrothermal quartz and orpiment. Pure microcrystalline orpiment, carbon-rich
shale, silicified shale with visible pyrite grains and arsenic minerals contain the highest concentrations of gold. In many
ways Zarshuran appears to be similar to the classic Carlin-type sediment-hosted disseminated gold deposits. However, relatively
high concentrations of tellurium at Zarshuran, evidenced by the occurrence of coloradoite (HgTe), imply a greater magmatic
contribution in the mineralising hydrothermal solutions than is typical of Carlin-type gold deposits.
Received: 13 May 1999 / Accepted: 2 February 2000 相似文献
17.
Evidence for a magmatic origin for Carlin-type gold deposits: isotopic composition of sulfur in the Betze-Post-Screamer Deposit, Nevada, USA 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
We report here new sulfur isotope analyses from the Betze-Post-Screamer deposit, the largest Carlin-type gold deposit in the
world. Carlin-type deposits contain high concentrations of arsenic, antimony, mercury, tellurium and other elements of environmental
interest, and are surrounded by large volumes of crust in which these elements are also enriched. Uncertainty about the source
of sulfur and metals in and around Carlin-type deposits has hampered formulation of models for their origin, which are needed
for improved mineral exploration and environmental assessment. Previous studies have concluded that most Carlin-type deposits
formed from sulfide sulfur that is largely of sedimentary origin. Most of these studies are based on analyses of mineral separates
consisting of pre-ore diagenetic pyrite with thin overgrowths of ore-related arsenian pyrite rather than pure, ore-related
pyrite. Our SIMS spot analyses of ore-related pyrite overgrowths in the Screamer zone of the Betze-Post-Screamer deposit yield
δ34S values of about −1 to 4‰ with one value of about 7‰. Conventional analyses of realgar and orpiment separates from throughout
the deposit yield δ34S values of about 5–7‰ with one value of 10‰ in the Screamer zone. These results, along with results from an earlier SIMS
study in the Post zone of the deposit and phase equilibrium constraints, indicate that early arsenian pyrite were formed from
fluids of magmatic origin with variable contamination from sulfur in Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. Later arsenic sulfides were
formed from solutions to which sulfur of sedimentary origin had been added. The presence of Paleozoic sedimentary sulfur in
Carlin-type deposits does not require direct involvement of hydrothermal solutions of sedimentary origin. Instead, it could
have been added by magmatic assimilation of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks or by hydrothermal leaching of sulfur from wall rocks
to the deposit. Thus, the dominant process delivering sulfur, arsenic, gold and mineralizing fluids to Carlin-type systems
and their surrounding country rocks was probably separation of fluids from a magmatic source.
Editorial handling: G. Beaudoin 相似文献
18.
19.
藏南查拉普金矿床载金矿物特征与金的赋存状态 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄铁矿和毒砂是卡林型和造山型金矿床重要的载金矿物。文章通过电子探针(EPMA)分析研究了藏南查拉普金矿床不同类型黄铁矿和毒砂中Au、As、S、Fe等元素的含量变化和分布规律,发现不同阶段的黄铁矿具有不同的结构特征和元素组成特点。沉积成岩期黄铁矿(Py1)主要呈草莓状、胶状,常构成环带状黄铁矿的核心,其中金的含量最高,显示了金在沉积成岩期的大量富集。热液期早阶段黄铁矿(Py2)主要呈自形-半自形的立方体,与Py1元素(S、Fe、As)组成相近,显示了一定的继承演化关系。热液期主阶段黄铁矿(Py3)与毒砂共生,多呈自形-半自形的五角十二面体、立方体,常包裹早期的黄铁矿形成环带结构。Py3中As的含量明显升高,其增加量近似等于S的减少量,说明As主要进入黄铁矿晶格替代了S的位置。各个阶段的黄铁矿和毒砂中Au的分布在EPMA微束的分辨率下均显示是不均匀的,Au在Py1和大部分Py2中主要以纳米级自然金(Au0)的形式存在;而在Py3中主要以(Au+)的形式存在,少部分以纳米级自然金(Au0)形式存在。Py1的结构及元素组成与典型卡林型金矿和造山型金矿沉积成岩期黄铁矿的特点相似,而Py3的大量发育则符合卡林型金矿的特征。 相似文献