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本文所提出的γ辐射仪校正方法的基础是等效原理,即具有点状镭源的水-空气模型的γ射线的散射等效于平衡铀含量均匀分布的半矿层对γ辐射的散射。众所周知,用点状镭源的直射γ射线把野外γ辐射仪校正成剂量强度单位(微伦琴/小时)是一种具有极大条件性的校正[2,5]。用不同型号的辐射仪测量同样物体的γ放射性的数据是不同的。用MG型盖革-缪勒计数管测量的结果近似闪烁辐射仪的测量结果的三分之二到二分之一。如果具有百分之一平衡铀当量含量(均匀的)的矿层所造成的γ场值或用该值的导出值作为 相似文献
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论安徽铜官山铜矿成因 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13
一.绪言安徽铜官山自唐以来即为著名产铜区,但年久烟没。近百年来无论中外地质学家一致认为系铁矿,且属於标准的接触变质矿床。中国解放后,在共产党和地质部领导下,在苏联专家帮助下,经过短期的探测,对於铜矿床才有了新的认识。特别是应用苏联柯尔任斯基的研究方法,对於接触变质带的成矿理论在我国亦取得新的结果。 相似文献
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近年来苏联地質学家們对沉积金属矿产的成因及其分佈規律,进行了广泛和全面的研究,并取得了巨大的成就,从而認識和解释了在成矿作用中过去不了解的一些問題,这就給普查找矿指出了明确的方向。由于沉积作用常常造成巨大的矿床,因而沉积成矿的 相似文献
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欧洲工业发达而铜资源短缺,1973年西欧的铜93%靠输入,近年西德的铜98%靠输入.欧洲主要产铜国波兰、南斯拉夫和苏联等的铜产量只 相似文献
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1957年在苏联新奥斯科尔城附近的科玛东南部,通过物探异常发现了一个新型巨大的富铁矿床。矿床产在含铁石英岩的古老风化壳上,并为泥盆纪至第四纪的厚层沉积岩所复盖,厚度自中部的70米至科玛南区和北区的600米。 相似文献
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小型氡室是一种综合测氡仪器的标定装置,适合目前各种测氡仪器的标定。湿度、温度、闪烁探测器的漏计现象等因素影响氡室内氡浓度。湿度影响着气溶胶的密度,湿度越大,气溶胶的密度也越大,导致探测器探测的计数也变大;温度增加,分子的扩散系数随着增加,使镭源释放的氡量增加,导致氡浓度变大;闪烁体的发光衰减时间较长,测量大活度样品时,会出现漏计现象。对应不同的影响因素采取了相应的修正措施。 相似文献
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The advection of fluids from sediments into the coastal ocean provides a source of nutrients, metals, carbon, and chemical tracers. Of these tracers radium isotopes have proved to be useful in quantifying fluxes of the other components and evaluating sources. Models that use radium must evaluate assumptions that are inherent in the models. The results of these studies demonstrate that submarine groundwater discharge must be considered as a significant source of nutrients, carbon, and metals to the coastal ocean. 相似文献
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访苏见闻——介绍苏联的几种电法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我们于1983年3月至6月参加了由联合国和苏联联合举办的电法讲习班,讲习班上介绍了当今在苏联所进行的各种地面和地下的电法勘探。这里仅就讲习班期间所了介的苏联电法工作概况作一介绍。 相似文献
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Kirstin T. Eller William C. Burnett Linda M. Fitzhugh Jeffrey P. Chanton 《Estuaries and Coasts》2014,37(1):94-103
Activity ratios (AR) of radium isotopes have been used with success to constrain estimates of water ages and to approximate residence times in coastal waters. We compared two common radium sampling methods (grab sampling and stationary moorings) to estimate water ages and the residence time of St. Andrew Bay waters in northwest Florida, USA. Both sampling methods utilize manganese dioxide fibers (“Mn fibers”) to adsorb dissolved radium from the water column. Grab samples capture radium activities at a discrete time while moorings integrate radium activities over longer deployments. The two methods yielded similar results in this study and thus both approaches are useful for water age comparisons and residence time approximations. However, since radium often varies as a function of tidal stage, deploying moorings over a complete tidal cycle is the preferred approach. An estimated residence time for North Bay and West Bay of 8–11 days was approximated using ARs for both ex224Ra/223Ra and ex224Ra/228Ra. Some complications were introduced as St. Andrew Bay is a tidally dominated, rather than a river-dominated bay system where this method has previously been applied. The largest freshwater source to this bay system is from a man-made reservoir, with an average freshwater flow of only 20 m3 s?1. The activity concentrations and ARs measured by both sampling methods suggest that while the reservoir is the prominent radium source, it is not the only radium source. Nonetheless, a tidal mixing model applied to the western half of the system yielded an approximate flushing time of 10–12 days, similar to that derived from our radium-based water age approach. 相似文献
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Ni Su William C. Burnett Hugh L. MacIntyre Justin D. Liefer Richard N. Peterson Richard Viso 《Estuaries and Coasts》2014,37(4):893-910
Naturally occurring isotopes of radon (222Rn) and radium isotopes (223,224,226,228Ra) were used as tracers to assess submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) into Little Lagoon, AL (USA), a site of recurring harmful algal blooms (HABs). The radium isotopic data suggests that there are two groundwater sources of these tracers to the lagoon, a shallow (A1) and deeper (A2) aquifer. We estimated the fraction of each source via a three-end-member mixing model consisting of Gulf of Mexico seawater, shallow and deep groundwater. The estimated lagoonwide SGD rates based on a radium mass balance and the mixing model were 1.22?±?0.53 and 1.59?±?0.20 m3 s-1 for the shallow and deep groundwater discharges, respectively. To investigate temporal variations in SGD, we performed several radon surveys from 2010 through 2012, a period of generally declining groundwater levels due to a drought in the southeastern USA. The total SGD rates based on a radon mass balance approach were found to vary from 0.60 to 2.87 m3 s-1. We observed well-defined relationships between nutrients and chlorophyll-a in lagoon waters during a period when there was an intense diatom bloom in April 2010 and when no bloom existed in March 2011. A good correlation was also found between radium (groundwater-derived) and nutrients during the April 2010 period, while there was no clear relationship between the same parameters in March 2011. Based on multivariate analysis of chemical and environmental factors, we suggest that nutrient-rich inputs during high SGD may be a significant driver of algal blooms, but during low SGD periods, multiple drivers are responsible for the occurrence of algal blooms. 相似文献
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David S. Vinson Avner Vengosh Daniella Hirschfeld Gary S. Dwyer 《Chemical Geology》2009,260(3-4):159-171
Naturally-occurring radionuclides (uranium, radium, and radon), major dissolved constituents, and trace elements were investigated in fresh groundwater in 117 wells in fractured crystalline rocks from the Piedmont region (North Carolina, USA). Chemical variations show a general transition between two water types: (1) slightly acidic (pH 5.0–6.0), oxic, low-total dissolved solids (TDS) waters, and (2) near neutral, oxic to anoxic, higher-TDS waters. The uranium, radium, and radon levels in groundwater associated with granite (Rolesville Granite) are systematically higher than other rock types (gneiss, metasedimentary, and metavolcanic rocks). Water chemistry plays a secondary role on radium and radon distributions as the 222Rn/226Ra activity ratio is correlated with redox-sensitive solutes such as dissolved oxygen and Mn concentrations, as well as overall dissolved solids content including major divalent cations and Ba. Since 224Ra/228Ra activity ratios in groundwater are close to 1, we suggest that mobilization of Ra and Rn is controlled by alpha recoil processes from parent nuclides on fracture surfaces, ruling out Ra sources from mineral dissolution or significant long-distance Ra transport. Alpha recoil is balanced by Ra adsorption that is influenced by redox conditions and/or ion concentrations, resulting in an approximately one order of magnitude decrease (~ 20,000 to ~ 2000) in the apparent Ra distribution coefficient between oxygen-saturated and anoxic conditions and also across the range of dissolved ion concentrations (up to ~ 7 mM). Thus, the U and Th content of rocks is the primary control on observed Ra and Rn activities in groundwater in fractured crystalline rocks, and in addition, linked dissolved solids concentrations and redox conditions impart a secondary control. 相似文献
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The Dead Sea contains an anomalously high concentration of soluble radium, which is considerably in excess of its radiogenic parent uranium. Mass balance calculations demonstrated that the radium is brought to the Dead Sea by springs and shallow underground seepages. The primary source from which this radium-excess is derived has not been identified previously. Using a combination of alpha-spectrometry, delayed neutron activation (DNA), and gamma-ray spectrometric analyses, it was found that the extensive oil shales within the Dead Sea watershed exhibit exceptional loss of radium. It is only the coastal hot springs and saline groundwater that have traversed the oil shales that exhibit radium-excess. Thus, it is demonstrated that a significant portion of the radium-excess of the Dead Sea brines is derived from the Upper Cretaceous oil shales. 相似文献
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本文探讨了矿物热释氡找矿中氡的来源问题。我们对七五二花岗岩中铀矿床的无矿及含矿花岗岩用闪烁射气法进行了各种温度间的矿物热释氡量的测定;用包裹体爆裂法进行了爆裂温度及相对爆裂次数的测定。通过实验发现,加热样品在包裹体爆裂以前,能释放出大部分氡,在包裹体大量爆裂的温度区间热释氧量反而很少。磨破包裹体放出氡后,再加热仍然有氡气释放出来。用包裹体中的铀含量计算出的氡量低于测定方法的灵敏度,无法测出,说明矿物热释氡量与包裹体无关。样品又做了化学铀分析和放射化学镭分析。明显看出热释氡量与铀、氡含量成正相关关系。各种实验均证明氧气不是来自包裹体,而是来源于整个矿物。 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(10):858-860
A comparative estimation of coal reserves for the foreign countries and the USSR is given. It emphasizes the existence of considerable variations in quantitative coal reserve estimations of the foreign countries in consequence of the absence of a unitary method of coal resource estimation. It is necessary therefore to estimate world coal reserves in accordance with the unitary method as it was done in 1913 and 1956 (USSR). — auth. English summ. 相似文献
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柴东盆地五道梁地区航放异常特征及成因分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文着重分析了柴达木盆地东部五道梁地区航放异常的展布特征、异常性质、产出位置 ,异常区铀、镭含量及铀镭平衡状态。认为该航放异常系镭异常 ,具有点源、深源性质 ,与五道梁断裂密切相关 相似文献