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1.
Significant gold deposits in the western Tanami region of Western Australia include deposits in the Bald Hill and Coyote areas. The ca. 1,864 Ma Bald Hill sequence of turbiditic and mafic volcanic rocks hosts the Kookaburra and Sandpiper deposits and a number of smaller prospects. The ca. 1,835 Ma turbiditic Killi Killi Formation hosts the Coyote deposit and several nearby prospects. The Kookaburra deposit forms as a saddle reef within a syncline, and the Sandpiper deposit is localized within graphitic metasedimentary rocks along a limb of an anticline. Gold in these deposits is hosted by anastomosing quartz–(–pyrite–arsenopyrite) veins within quartz–sericite schist with disseminated arsenopyrite, pyrite, and marcasite (after pyrrhotite). Based on relative timing relationships with structural elements, the auriferous veins are interpreted to have been emplaced before or during the ca. 1,835–1,825 Ma Tanami Orogeny (regional D1). Gold deposition is thought to have been caused by pressure drops associated with saddle reef formation (Kookaburra) and chemical reactions with graphitic rocks (Sandpiper). The Coyote deposit, the largest in the western Tanami region, consists of a number of ore lenses localized along the limbs of the Coyote Anticline, which formed during the Tanami Orogeny. The largest lenses are associated with the Gonzalez Fault, which is located along the steeply dipping southern limb of this fold. Gold was introduced at ca. 1,790 Ma into dilatant zones that formed in local perturbations along this fault during later reactivation (regional D5) towards the end of a period of granite emplacement. Gold is associated with quartz–chlorite–pyrite–(arsenopyrite–galena–sphalerite) veins with narrow (<?5 mm) chloritic selvages. A quartz–muscovite–biotite–K–feldspar–(tourmaline–actinolite–arsenopyrite) assemblage, which is interpreted to relate to granite emplacement, overprints the regional greenschist facies metamorphic assemblage. The mineralogical similarity between this overprinting assemblage and the vein assemblage suggests that the auriferous veins at the Coyote deposit are associated with the granite-related metamorphic–metasomatic assemblage. Gold deposition is thought to have been caused by pressure drops within dilatant zones.  相似文献   

2.
Major and trace element compositions of the Paleoproterozoic metaterrigenous rocks (Neroi Group) formed in a large sedimentation basin in the southwestern Siberian Craton (Biryusa Block) were determined to reconstruct the protoliths of metasediments, degree of their recycling, and maturity of source rocks. Primary rocks from the lower part of the sequence (Alkhadyr Formation) are represented by both petrogenic (“first cycle”) and recycled sediments of the graywacke to siltstone and aluminous pelite series. Protoliths of the micaceous and carbonaceous schists from the upper part of the sequence (Tumanshet Formation) correspond to silty pelites and pelites. As the micaceous schists of the Alkhadyr Formation, these rocks have K2O/Al2O3 < 0.3 and elevated Th concentrations, indicating the contribution of recycling in the formation of the fine-grained rocks. Distribution of trace and rare earth elements (REE) in metaterrigenous rocks of the Neroi Group testifies to the predominance of felsic rocks in the source area, while the prominent Eu minimum indicates the presence of granitoids—the products of crustal melting. Rocks of the Alkhadyr Formation also show elevated contents of Cr, Co, Ni, Sc, and Fe, indicating the development of mafic rocks in the source area. Comparison of the trace element contents and their ratios in rocks of the Neroi Group with those in the Archean (3.5–2.5 Ga) and Paleoproterozoic (2.5–1.6 Ga) upper continental crust made it possible to establish that metasedimentary rocks of the Neroi Group were formed by the erosion of sufficiently mature (geochemically differentiated) protoliths, which are similar to the Paleoproterozic crust. Judging from the Sm-Nd isotope data, one of the components of source areas for the terrigenous rocks of the Neroi Group were Archean rocks similar to basement rocks of the Biryusa block with the Nd model ages within 2.8–2.6 Ga. The second component in the source area could be juvenile Paleoproterozoic crust (Nd model age ∼1.9 Ga), which was probably represented by the metavolcanic associations of grabens surrounding the Biryusa block. The minimum Nd model ages for metaterrigenous rocks of the Neroi Group define the lowermost sedimentation boundary at 1.9 Ga.  相似文献   

3.
The ore deposits of The Granites goldfield are shear-hosted within Palaeoproterozoic amphibolite facies metasedimentary rocks in the Tanami Region, Northern Territory, Australia. The ore bodies are located within a 5- to 35-m thick sequence of steeply dipping unit of metamorphosed iron-rich metasedimentary rocks. Deformation at The Granites was complex and is characterized by five successive deformation phases (D1–5). Shear veins (central and oblique) are the dominant type of vein geometry, with minor development of extensional veins and reverse-fault related veins. Four generations of syn-tectonic veins, corresponding to D1, D3, D4, and D5, have been recognized and are comprised of quartz, quartz-carbonate, calc-silicate, and calcite. In addition, two generations of disseminated sulfide–arsenide mineralization, dominated by pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, and loellingite, with minor pyrite, chalcopyrite and rare marcasite, formed syn-D1 and syn- to post-D3. Textural and structural evidence indicates deposition of gold was contemporaneous with the syn-D1 veins and sulfide–arsenide mineralization. Four hydrothermal phases are proposed for the formation of the veins and disseminated sulfide–arsenide assemblages. The first phase (D1) was responsible for transport and deposition of the majority of the gold. Minor remobilization and deposition of gold occurred during the D3 and D4 phases. Little is known about the nature of the D1 ore fluid, although a relatively low sulfur content is indicated by the assemblage pyrrhotite–arsenopyrite–loellingite+rare pyrite. The growth of amphibolite facies metamorphic minerals andalusite and almandine garnet during D1 indicates a high temperature for the fluid. The D3 hydrothermal phase coincided with peak metamorphism. D4 fluids were hypersaline, high temperature, CO2-poor, and H2S-poor. Editorial handling: L. Meinert  相似文献   

4.
Poorly exposed Paleoproterozoic turbiditic to shallow marine sedimentary rocks of the Tanami Basin, NT, Australia are largely the erosional products of either the ∼1.87–1.85 Hooper Orogeny and/or magmatism associated with the ∼1.87 Ga Nimbuwah Event. Dating of detrital zircon from six of the principal sedimentary units shows that deposition spanned at least the period ∼1.84–1.77 Ga. Collectively, the detrital zircon ages reveal a progression in provenance that is a record of the development of the orogen. The basal Dead Bullock Formation contains only zircon derived from Archean basement and no contemporaneous products of orogeny. Its deposition age is inferred to be ∼1.87–1.84 Ga. Orogenic ∼1.86 Ga zircon appears in the overlying Killi Killi Formation, deposited between ∼1.84–1.82 Ga and persists, probably due to recycling in all overlying units except one, the Mount Charles Formation. The accepted stratigraphic position of this unit might be incorrect. Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users.  相似文献   

5.
U–Pb zircon analyses from a series of orthogneisses sampled in drill core in the northern Gawler Craton provide crystallisation ages at ca 1775–1750 Ma, which is an uncommon age in the Gawler Craton. Metamorphic zircon and monazite give ages of ca 1730–1710 Ma indicating that the igneous protoliths underwent metamorphism during the craton-wide Kimban Orogeny. Isotopic Hf zircon data show that 1780–1750 Ma zircons are somewhat evolved with initial εHf values –4 to +0.9, and model ages of ca 2.3 to 2.2 Ga. Isotopic whole rock Sm–Nd values from most samples have relatively evolved initial εNd values of –3.7 to –1.4. In contrast, a mafic unit from drill hole Middle Bore 1 has a juvenile isotopic signature with initial εHf zircon values of ca +5.2 to +8.2, and initial εNd values of ～+3.5 to +3.8. The presence of 1775–1750 Ma zircon forming magmatic rocks in the northern Gawler Craton provides a possible source for similarly aged detrital zircons in Paleoproterozoic basin systems of the Gawler Craton and adjacent Curnamona Province. Previous provenance studies on these Paleoproterozoic basins have appealed to the Arunta Region of the North Australian Craton to provide 1780–1750 Ma detrital zircons, and isotopically and geochemically similar basin fill. The orthogneisses in the northern Gawler Craton also match the source criteria and display geochemical similarities between coeval magmatism in the Arunta Region of the North Australian Craton, providing further support for paleogeographic reconstructions that link the Gawler Craton and North Australian Craton during the Paleoproterozoic.  相似文献   

6.
荆山岩群是胶北地体最重要的古元古代变沉积岩系之一,经历了高角闪岩相?麻粒岩相变质与韧性变形,准确限定其沉积时代与物质来源对探究胶?辽?吉带古元古代构造演化过程具有重要意义.本文利用LA-ICP-MS（激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱仪）对旌旗山地区荆山岩群禄格庄岩组中长石石英岩进行了锆石U-Pb测年和稀土元素分析.根据碎屑锆石内部结构和年龄结果,认为在最年轻一组碎屑锆石中谐和的207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄2 120 Ma,可以大致限定其原岩的最大沉积时代,两件样品获得的变质年龄分别为1 886±12 Ma与1 969±23 Ma,结合区内禄格庄岩组被2 103~2 085 Ma二长花岗质片麻岩侵入的地质关系,初步限定旌旗山地区禄格庄岩组的沉积时代约为2 100 Ma.长石石英岩中有效碎屑锆石年龄谱图呈现2 105 Ma主峰值年龄和2 185 Ma次峰值年龄,指示旌旗山地区禄格庄岩组的主要物源为古元古代（2 200~ 2 100 Ma）中?酸性岩浆岩或再循环的产物,同时接受了少量太古宙的碎屑物质.综合胶?辽?吉带已发表的其他相关数据,认为以荆山岩群禄格庄岩组为代表的胶?辽?吉带南侧底部变沉积岩沉积时可能位于弧后盆地靠近岛弧一侧,以粉子山岩群小宋岩组为代表的胶?辽?吉带北侧底部变沉积岩则可能位于弧后盆地靠近太古宙大陆一侧.   相似文献   

7.
The New Consort Gold Mine in the Palaeo- to Mesoarchaean Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa is one of the oldest recognized orogenic gold deposits on Earth. The gold mineralization is hosted by discrete mylonitic units that occur at, or close to, the contact between the mafic and ultramafic volcanic rocks of the c. 3,280 Ma Onverwacht Group and the mainly metasedimentary rocks of the overlying c. 3,260–3,230 Ma Fig Tree Group. This contact, locally referred to as the Consort Bar, formed during ductile D1 imbrication of the metavolcanosedimentary sequence and predates the main stage of the gold mineralization. The imbricate stack is situated in the immediate hanging wall of the basal granitoid–greenstone contact along the northern margin of the greenstone belt. It is characterized by a condensed metamorphic profile in which the metamorphic grade increases from upper greenschist facies conditions (510–530°C, 4 kbar) in rocks of the Fig Tree Group to upper amphibolite facies grades (600–700°C, 6–8 kbar) in the basal Onverwacht Group. Detailed structural and petrological investigations indicate that the Consort Bar represents a major structural break, which is largely responsible for the telescoping of metamorphic isograds within the structural sequence. Two stages of mineralization can be distinguished. Loellingite, pyrrhotite, and a calc–silicate alteration assemblage characterize an early high-T mineralization event, which is restricted to upper amphibolite facies rocks of the Onverwacht Group. This early mineralization may correlate with the local D1 deformation. The second and main stage of gold mineralization was associated with renewed ductile shearing during D2. The D2 deformation resulted in the reactivation of earlier structures, and the formation of a NNW trending, steeply dipping shear zone system, the Shires Shear Zone, which separates two regional SE plunging D1 synclines. The mineralized shear zones are intruded by abundant syn-kinematic pegmatite dykes that have previously been dated at c. 3040 Ma. Petrological and geothermobarometric data on ore and alteration assemblages indicate that the main stage of gold mineralization, which affected a crustal profile of ca. 1.5 km, was characterized by increasing temperatures (c. 520 to 600°C) with increasing structural depth. Sulfide assemblages in the ore bodies change progressively with metamorphic grade, ranging from arsenopyrite + pyrite + pyrrhotite in the structurally highest to arsenopyrite + pyrrhotite + chalcopyrite + loellingite in the structurally deepest part of the mine. The main stage of gold mineralization was broadly syn-peak metamorphic with respect to the Fig Tree Group, but postdates the peak of metamorphism in upper amphibolite facies rocks of the structurally underlying Onverwacht Group. This indicates that the mineralization coincided with the juxtaposition of the two units. As the footwall rocks were already on their retrograde path, metamorphic devolatilisation reactions within the greenstone sequence can be ruled out as the source of the mineralizing fluids.  相似文献   

8.
Gold mineralization in the Tanami district is hosted within moderately northwest dipping turbiditic sedimentary and basaltic volcanic rocks of the Paleoproterozoic Mt. Charles Formation. The gold occurs within a complex sinistral wrench-fault array and associated veins and alteration haloes. The main mineralized faults have a northerly trend and dip steeply east. Subsidiary structures trend at 030° and 070° and dip towards the southeast. Paleostress calculations based on fault striation populations and geometry (strike and dip) of faults indicate that at the time of the mineralizing event, σ 1 was sub-horizontal and SE–NW directed with σ 2 subvertical. Structural studies indicate that the mineralization occurred after the regional folding event and synchronous with the emplacement of felsic dykes into the mine sequence. Gold veins in the Tanami district are interpreted to be part of an outer thermal aureole gold system that formed during the emplacement of granitoids in the nearby ∼1,815 to ∼1,799 Ma Frankenia and/or Coomarie domes. Economic gold mineralization occurred late in the paragenetic history of the district. Gold is hosted by quartz-carbonate veins within shear zones, and also in the surrounding sericite- quartz- pyrite ± carbonate-altered wallrocks. Gold-mineralized veins precipitated at depths of 3 to 6 km from high temperature (∼300°C), low salinity (∼5 wt% NaCl equivalent) fluids with low CO2 contents. Barren quartz, dolomite and calcite veins that occur in pre- and post-mineralization thrust faults formed from high salinity (∼20 wt% NaCl equivalent), low temperature (∼120–150°C) basinal brines. Pyrite in the gold mineralized veins and alteration halos has lower δ 34S values (6.8 to 12.5‰) than local diagenetic pyrite (17.8 to 19.2‰) or pyrite in pre-mineralization thrust faults (31.7 to 37.1‰). The mineralizing fluids are inferred to have contained a well-homogenized mixture of magmatic and sedimentary-derived sulfur. Editorial handling: D. Huston  相似文献   

9.
The Arunta Inlier is a 200 000 km2 region of mainly Precambrian metamorphosed sedimentary and igneous rock in central Australia. To the N it merges with similar rocks of lower metamorphic grade in the Tennant Creek Inlier, and to the NW it merges with schist and gneiss of The Granites‐Tanami Province. It is characterized by mafic and felsic meta‐igneous rocks, abundant silicic and aluminous metasediments and carbonate, and low‐ to medium‐pressure metamorphism. Hence, the Arunta Inlier is interpreted as a Proterozoic ensialic mobile belt floored by continental crust. The belt evolved over about 1500 Ma, and began with mafic and felsic volcanism and mafic intrusion in a latitudinal rift, followed by shale and limestone deposition, deformation, metamorphism and emergence. Flysch sedimentation and volcanism then continued in geosynclinal troughs flanking the ridge of meta‐igneous rocks, and were followed by platform deposition of thin shallow‐marine sediments, further deformation, and episodes of metamorphism and granite intrusion.  相似文献   

10.
Provenance data from Paleoproterozoic and possible Archean sedimentary units in the central eastern Gawler Craton in southern Australia form part of a growing dataset suggesting that the Gawler Craton shares important basin formation and tectonic time lines with the adjacent Curnamona Province and the Isan Inlier in northern Australia. U–Pb dating of detrital zircons from the Eba Formation, previously mapped as the Paleoproterozoic Tarcoola Formation, yields exclusively Archean ages (ca 3300–2530 Ma), which are consistent with evolved whole-rock Nd and zircon Hf isotopic data. The absence of Paleoproterozoic detrital grains in a number of sequences (including the Eba Formation), despite the proximity of voluminous Paleoproterozoic rock units, suggests that the Eba Formation may be part of a Neoarchean or early Paleoproterozoic cover sequence derived from erosion of a multi-aged Archean source region. The ca 1715 Ma Labyrinth Formation, unconformably overlying the Eba Formation, shares similar depositional timing with other basin systems in the Gawler Craton and the adjacent Curnamona Province. Detrital zircon ages in the Labyrinth Formation range from Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic, and are consistent with derivation from >1715 Ma components of the Gawler Craton. Zircon Hf and whole-rock Nd isotopic data also suggest a source region with a mixed crustal evolution (εNd –6 to –4.5), consistent with what is known about the Gawler Craton. Compared with the lower Willyama Supergroup in the adjacent Curnamona Province, the Labyrinth Formation has a source more obviously reconcilable with the Gawler Craton. Stratigraphically overlying the Eba and Labyrinth Formations is the 1656 Ma Tarcoola Formation. Zircon Hf and whole-rock Nd isotopic data indicate that the Tarcoola Formation was sourced from comparatively juvenile rocks (εNd –4.1 to + 0.5). The timing of Tarcoola Formation deposition is similar to the juvenile upper Willyama Supergroup, further strengthening the stratigraphic links between the Gawler and Curnamona domains. Additionally, the Tarcoola Formation is similar in age to extensive units in the Mt Isa and Georgetown regions in northern Australia, also shown to be isotopically juvenile. These juvenile sedimentary rocks contrast with the evolved underlying sequences and hint at the existence of a large-scale ca 1650 Ma juvenile basin system in eastern Proterozoic Australia.  相似文献   

11.
The Callie deposit is the largest (6.0 Moz Au) of several gold deposits in the Dead Bullock Soak goldfield of the Northern Territory’s Tanami Region, 550 km northwest of Alice Springs. The Callie ore lies within corridors, up to 180 m wide, of sheeted en echelon quartz veins where they intersect the 500-m-wide hinge of an ESE-plunging F1 anticlinorium. The host rocks are the Blake beds, of the Paleoproterozoic Dead Bullock Formation, which consist of a > 350-m-thick sequence of lower greenschist facies graphitic turbidites and mudstones overlying in excess of 100 m of thickly bedded siltstones and fine sandstones. The rocks are Fe-rich and dominated by assemblages of chlorite and biotite, both of which are of hydrothermal and metamorphic origin. A fundamental characteristic of the hydrothermal alteration is the removal of graphite, a process which is associated with bleaching and the development of bedding-parallel bands of coarse biotite augen. Gold is found only in quartz veins and only where they cut decarbonized chloritic rock with abundant biotite augen and no sulfide minerals. Auriferous quartz veins differ from barren quartz veins by the presence of ilmenite, apatite, xenotime, and gold and the absence of sulfide minerals. The assemblage of gold–ilmenite–apatite–xenotime indicates a linked genesis and mobility of Ti, P, and Y in the mineralizing fluids. Geochemical analysis of samples throughout the deposit shows that gold only occurs in sedimentary rocks with high FeO/(FeO+Fe2O3) and low C/(C+CO2) ratios (> 0.8 and < 0.2, respectively). This association can be explained by reactions that convert C from reduced graphitic host rocks into CO2 and reduce ferric iron in the host rocks to ferrous iron in biotite and chlorite. These reactions would increase the CO2 content of the fluid, facilitating the transport of Ti, P, and Y from the host rocks into the veins. Both CO2 and CH4 produced by reaction of H2O with graphite, effervesced under the lower confining pressures in the veins. This would have partitioned H2S into the vapor phase, destabilizing Au–bisulfide complexes; the loss of CO2 and H2S from the aqueous phase caused precipitation of gold, ilmenite, apatite, and xenotime. It is proposed that this process was the main control on gold precipitation. Oxidization of iron in the very reduced wall rocks, resulting in reduction of the fluid, provided a second mechanism of gold precipitation in previously decarbonized rocks, contributing to the high grades in some samples. Although sulfide minerals, especially arsenopyrite, did form during the hydrothermal event, host rock sulfidation reactions did not play a role in gold precipitation because gold is absent near rocks or veins containing sulfide minerals. Sulfide minerals likely formed by different mechanisms from those associated with gold deposition. Both the fold architecture and subsequent spatially coincident sinistral semibrittle shearing ensured that the ore fluids were strongly focused into the hinges of the anticlines. Within the anticlines, a reactive cap of fine-grained, graphitic, reduced Fe-rich turbidites above more permeable siltstones and fine sandstones impeded fluid flow ensuring efficient removal of graphite, and the associated effervescence of CO2 from the fluid caused the precipitation of gold. Exploration for similar deposits should focus on the intersection of east–west shear zones with folds and Fe-rich graphitic host rocks.  相似文献   

12.
The Dargawan gabbros intrusive into the Moli Subgroup of Bijawar Group, yielded Rb-Sr whole rock isochron age of 1967 ± 140 Ma. Based on the oldest age from overlying Lower Vindhyan (1.6Ga) and the underlying youngest basement ages (2.2 Ga), the time range of Bijawar sedimentation may be assigned as 2.1–1.6 Ga (Paleoproterozoic). Sm-Nd Model ages (TDM), obtained, for Dargawan gabbros, is c. 2876–3145 Ma. High initial 87Sr/ 86Sr ratio of 0.70451 (higher than the contemporary mantle) and negative ɛNdi (at 1.9 Ga) value of −1.5 to − 4.5, indicate assimilation of Archaean lower crustal component by the enriched mantle source magma at the time of gabbroic intrusion. The dolerite, from Damdama area, which is intrusive into the basement and overlying sediments of Chandrapur Group in the central Indian craton, yielded Rb-Sr internal isochron age of 1641 ± 120 Ma. The high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.7098 and ɛNdi value of −3.5 to −3.7 (at 1.6 Ga) is due to contamination of the mantle source magma with the overlying sediments. These dolerites have younger Sm-Nd Model ages (TDM) than Dargawan gabbros as c. 2462–2675 Ma, which is similar to the age of the Sambalpur granite, from which probably sediments to this part of Chattisgarh basin are derived. Hence mixing of sediments with the Damdama dyke during its emplacement, gives rise to high initial 87Sr/86Sr and low initial 143Nd/144 ratios for these dykes. The c. 1600 Ma age indicates minimum age of onset of the sedimentation in the Chandrapur Group of Chattisgarh basin. Both the above mafic intrusions might have taken place in an intracratonic rift related (anorogenic) tectonic setting. This study is the first reliable age report on the onset of sedimentation in the Chandrapur Group. The total minimum time span of Chandrapur and Raipur Group may be 1.6 Ga to 1.0 Ga (Mesoproterozoic). The unconformably underlying Shingora Group of rocks of Chhattisgarh Supergroup thus indicates Paleoproterozoic age (older than 1.6 Ga). Most part of the recently classified Chattisgarh Supergroup and Bijawar-Vindhyan sequence are of Mesoproterozoic-Paleoproterozoic age and not of Neoproterozoic-Mesoproterozoic age as considered earlier. Petrographic study of basic dykes from Damdama area (eastern margin of Chattisgarh Supergroup) indicated presence of primary uranium mineral brannerite associated with goethite. This is the evidence of mafic intrusive providing geotherm and helping in scavenging the uranium from the surrounding and later alterations causing remobilisation and reconcentration of pre-existing uranium in host rocks as well as in mafic dyke itself otherwise mafic rocks are poor source of uranium and can not have primary uranium minerals initially. It can be concluded that mafic dykes have role in uranium mineralisation although indirectly.  相似文献   

13.
本文从五台地区滹沱群豆村亚群四集庄组、东冶亚群纹山组和郭家寨亚群西河里组地层中共采集了5件浅变质砂岩样品,并对其进行了La-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄测定。分析结果显示,四集庄组2件砂岩样品碎屑锆石207Pb/206Pb年龄主要集中于~2.5Ga和2.1~2.2Ga两个峰值,其中~2.5Ga碎屑锆石来自新太古代五台群和五台地区花岗质杂岩;2.1~2.2Ga碎屑锆石获得207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄2134±5Ma,限定了四集庄组砂岩沉积下限为2134Ma。结合四集庄组火山岩形成时代(2140±10Ma)和四集庄组底部发育厚层砾岩,我们认为滹沱群初始形成时代为~2.2Ga,即早元古代中期。东冶亚群纹山组底部砂岩中碎屑锆石207Pb/206Pb年龄主要集中于2050~2122Ma之间,其中64粒相对年轻的锆石获得207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄2068±3Ma,代表了东冶亚群形成时代下限为2070Ma左右。综合豆村亚群青石村组火山岩形成时代2087±9Ma,我们认为东冶亚群初始形成于2070Ma左右。郭家寨亚群中最年轻碎屑锆石207Pb/206Pb年龄为1958±10Ma,表明郭家寨亚群开始沉积时代小于1.95Ga,为早元古代晚期/末期。区域上,早元古代末期是华北最终克拉通阶段,而郭家寨亚群与东冶亚群呈明显的角度不整合接触关系,两者记录了明显不同的地质过程。因此,我们建议郭家寨亚群应从滹沱群中解体出来并独立命名为郭家寨群,且郭家寨群可能沉积于华北克拉通化过程中/之后,开始沉积的时代为1.9~1.8Ga。  相似文献   

14.
The Tanami region of northern Australia has emerged over the last two decades as the largest gold-producing region in the Northern Territory. Gold is hosted by epigenetic quartz veins in sedimentary and mafic rocks, and by sulfide-rich replacement zones within iron formation. Although limited, geochronological data suggest that most mineralization occurred at about 1,805–1,790 Ma, during a period of extensive granite intrusion, although structural relationships suggest that some deposits predate this period. There are three main goldfields in the Tanami region: the Dead Bullock Soak goldfield, which hosts the world-class Callie deposit; The Granites goldfield; and the Tanami goldfield. In the Dead Bullock Soak goldfield, deposits are hosted by carbonaceous siltstone and iron formation where a late (D5) structural corridor intersects an early F1 anticlinorium. In The Granites goldfield, deposits are hosted by highly sheared iron formation and are interpreted to predate D5. The Tanami goldfield consists of a large number of small, mostly basalt-hosted deposits that probably formed at a high structural level during D5. The D5 structures that host most deposits formed in a convergent structural regime with σ 1 oriented between E–W and ENE–WSW. Structures active during D5 include NE-trending oblique thrust (dextral) faults and ESE-trending (sinistral) faults that curve into N- to NNW-trending reverse faults localized in supracrustal belts between and around granite complexes. Granite intrusions also locally perturbed the stress field, possibly localizing structures and deposits. Forward modeling and preliminary interpretations of reflection seismic data indicate that all faults extend into the mid-crust. In areas characterized by the N- to NW-trending faults, orebodies also tend to be N- to NW-trending, localized in dilational jogs or in fractured, competent rock units. In areas characterized by ESE-trending faults, the orebodies and veins tend to strike broadly east at an angle consistent with tensional fractures opened during E–W- to ENE–WSW-directed transpression. Many of these deposits are hosted by reactive rock units such as carbonaceous siltstone and iron formation. Ore deposition occurred at depths ranging from 1.5 to 11 km from generally low to moderate salinity carbonic fluids with temperatures from 200 to 430°C, similar to lode–gold fluids elsewhere in the world. These fluids are interpreted as the product of metamorphic dewatering caused by enhanced heat flow, although it is also possible that the fluids were derived from coeval granites. Lead isotope data suggest that lead in the ore fluids had multiple sources. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope data are consistent with both metamorphic and magmatic origins for ore fluids. Gold deposition is interpreted to be caused by fluid unmixing and sulfidation of host rocks. Fluid unmixing is caused by three different processes: (1) CO2 unmixing caused by interaction of ore fluids with carbonaceous siltstone; (2) depressurization caused by pressure cycling in shear zones; and (3) boiling as ore fluids move to shallow levels. Deposits in the Tanami region may illustrate the continuum model of lode–gold deposition suggested by Groves (Mineralium Deposita 28:366–374, 1993) for Archean districts.  相似文献   

15.
The widespread occurrence of late Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the Gan-Hang Belt in South China is associated with similarly widespread mineralization, but many important questions surrounding these volcanic rocks have not been clearly answered. The Tianhuashan basin located in the northern Wuyi Mountain volcanic belt is one of the most important volcanic basins in the Gan-Hang Belt, and it is primarily composed of the Daguding and Ehuling Formations and their intrusive counterparts. LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating shows that the Daguding Formation erupted in the Late Jurassic (152–160 Ma), whereas the Ehuling Formation erupted in the Early Cretaceous (131–139 Ma) in the Tianhuashan basin. Volcanic rocks are rhyolite and share similar trace and rare earth element patterns with an enrichment of LREEs and a depletion in Sr, Ba, Nb, Ta, P, Eu and Ti. They are also characterized by negative whole rock εNd(t) and zircon εHf(t) values with Paleoproterozoic t2DM ages, suggesting that they were derived primarily from the remelting of ancient crustal materials. Daguding volcanic rocks are strongly peraluminous and show a higher Mg# than pure crustal melts, implying that they were likely derived from Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary basement materials. However, Ehuling volcanic rocks are weakly peraluminous and have a pronounced A2-type geochemical signature. Detailed elemental and isotopic data suggest that they were formed by the partial melting of the Paleoproterozoic metamorphic basement (including metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks) at a high temperature (~ 840 °C), followed by fractional crystallization. These results imply that during the Late Jurassic, South China on the Gan-Hang Belt was a continental arc coupled with the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate. Since the beginning of the Early Cretaceous, an intra-arc rift has formed along the Gan-Hang Belt as a consequence of slab rollback. These results also indicate that the extension in the Gan-Hang Belt began later than the southwestern part of the Shi-Hang Zone and lasted from 139 Ma to 122 Ma.  相似文献   

16.
杨红  刘福来  刘平华  王舫 《岩石学报》2013,29(6):2161-2170
大红山群是扬子地块西南缘出露的古元古代结晶基底,主要经历了绿片岩相-低角闪岩相变质作用.本研究对大红山群老厂河组变质中酸性岩和变质沉积岩——石榴白云母-长石石英片岩中的白云母进行了40Ar-39Ar测年,得到三个样品的坪年龄和40Ar/39Ar等时线年龄结果较统一,坪年龄代表的变质年龄分别为837.7±4.2Ma、839.6±4.2Ma和844.2±4.2Ma.变质沉积岩和变质中酸性岩的变质时代类似,均介于837～845Ma.大红山群变质基性岩中变质锆石的U-Pb定年年龄为849±12Ma(杨红等,2012),40Ar-39Ar测年数据与锆石定年数据相结合,说明大红山群古元古代结晶基底中的火山岩和沉积岩均在新元古代经历了同期变质作用,其主期低角闪岩相变质作用发生于新元古代837～850Ma.结合前人发表的扬子西缘～750Ma的变质年龄,扬子西缘从北向南的区域变质作用时限可扩展到750 ～850Ma.此外,扬子西缘存在750～850Ma的岩浆事件,本文研究结果说明,扬子地块西缘在新元古代不仅发生了大规模岩浆作用,也发生了750～850Ma的区域变质作用,扬子西缘存在新元古代的岩浆-变质事件.岩浆事件与变质事件之间可能存在相关性,即新元古代岩浆作用引起了扬子西缘的区域动力热流变质作用.  相似文献   

17.
杨红  刘福来  杜利林  刘平华  王舫 《岩石学报》2012,28(9):2994-3014
大红山群是扬子地台西缘相对较老的地层单元,普遍经历了绿片岩相-低角闪岩相变质作用。其中部的曼岗河组、红山组已获得古元古代晚期～1.68Ga的成岩年龄,其底部的老厂河组却未有相关年龄的报道。大红山群的变质时代目前也无精确的年龄结果。本文以老厂河组厚层变质沉积岩中的薄层变质火山岩样品为研究对象,在岩相学研究的基础上,运用LA-ICP-MS方法对变质火山岩锆石进行原位U-Pb同位素定年及相关的微量、稀土元素测试,获得变质火山岩的原岩年龄和变质年龄:(1)老厂河组变质中酸性岩和变质基性岩中岩浆锆石微区的207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄分别为1711±4Ma和1686±4Ma,限定老厂河组的形成年龄范围为1711～1686Ma;(2)变质基性岩(石榴斜长角闪岩)中变质锆石的206Pb/238U年龄为849±12Ma。本文结果表明,大红山群的形成时代可提早至1711±4Ma,又一次证明了扬子地台西缘古老结晶基底的存在;大红山群在～850Ma经历了一期新元古代变质事件,这期变质可能是与扬子地台西缘新元古代岩浆事件有关的区域变质事件。  相似文献   

18.
The Baoshan block of the Tethyan Yunnan, southwestern China, is considered as northern part of the Sibumasu microcontinent. Basement of this block that comprises presumably greenschist-facies Neoproterozoic metamorphic rocks is covered by Paleozoic to Mesozoic low-grade metamorphic sedimentary rocks. This study presents zircon ages and Nd–Hf isotopic composition of granites generated from crustal reworking to reveal geochemical feature of the underlying basement. Dating results obtained using the single zircon U–Pb isotopic dilution method show that granites exposed in the study area formed in early Paleozoic (about 470 Ma; Pingdajie granite) and in late Yanshanian (about 78–61 Ma, Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary; Huataolin granite). The early Paleozoic granite contains Archean to Mesoproterozoic inherited zircons and the late Yanshanian granite contains late Proterozoic to early Paleozoic zircon cores. Both granites have similar geochemical and Nd–Hf isotopic charateristics, indicating similar magma sources. They have whole-rock T DM(Nd) values of around 2,000 Ma and zircon T DM(Hf) values clustering around 1,900–1,800 and 1,600–1,400 Ma. The Nd–Hf isotopic data imply Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic crustal material as the major components of the underlying basement, being consistent with a derivation from Archean and Paleoproterozoic terrains of India or NW Australia. Both granites formed in two different tectonic events similarly originated from intra-crustal reworking. Temporally, the late Yanshanian magmatism is probably related to the closure of the Neotethys ocean. The early Paleozoic magmatism traced in the Baoshan block indicates a comparable history of the basements during early Paleozoic between the SE Asia and the western Tethyan belt, such as the basement outcrops in the Alpine belt and probably in the European Variscides that are considered as continental blocks drifting from Gondwana prior to or simultaneously with those of the SE Asia.  相似文献   

19.
The Tabletop Domain of the Rudall Province has been long thought an exotic entity to the West Australian Craton. Recent re-evaluation of this interpretation suggests otherwise, but is founded on limited data. This study presents the first comprehensive, integrated U–Pb geochronology and Hf-isotope analysis of igneous and metasedimentary rocks from the Tabletop Domain of the eastern Rudall Province. Field observations, geochronology and isotope results confirm an endemic relationship between the Tabletop Domain and the West Australian Craton (WAC), and show that the Tabletop Domain underwent a similar Archean–Paleoproterozoic history to the western Rudall Province. The central Tabletop Domain comprises Archean–Paleoproterozoic gneissic rocks with three main age components. Paleo–Neoarchean (ca 3400–2800 Ma) detritus is observed in metasedimentary rocks and was likely sourced from the East Pilbara Craton. Protoliths to mafic gneiss and metasedimentary rocks are interpreted to have been emplaced and deposited during the early Paleoproterozoic (ca 2400–2300 Ma), and exhibit age and isotopic affinities to the Capricorn Orogen basement (Glenburgh Terrane). Mid–late Paleoproterozoic mafic and felsic magmatism (ca 1880–1750 Ma) is assigned to the Kalkan Supersuite, which is exposed in the western Rudall Province. The Kalkan Supersuite provided the main source of detritus for mid–late Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks in the Tabletop Domain. Similarities in the age and Hf-isotope compositions of detrital zircon from these metasedimentary rocks and Capricorn Orogeny basin sediments suggests that a regionally extensive, linked basin system may have spanned the northern WAC at this time. The Tabletop Domain records evidence for two metamorphic events. Mid–late Paleoproterozoic deformation (ca 1770–1750 Ma) was high-grade, regional and involved the development of gneissic fabrics. In contrast, early Mesoproterozoic (ca 1580 Ma) high-grade deformation was localised and associated with more widespread, late-stage, greenschist facies alteration. These new findings highlight that the Tabletop Domain experienced a much higher grade of deformation than previously assumed, with a Paleoproterozoic metamorphic history similar to that of the western Rudall Province.  相似文献   

20.
Back-scattered electron (BSE) imaging and X-ray element mapping of monazite in low-grade metasedimentary rocks from the Paleoproterozoic Stirling Range Formation, southwestern Australia, reveal the presence of distinct, high-Th cores surrounded by low-Th, inclusion-rich rims. Previous geochronology has shown that the monazite cores are older than 1.9 Ga and overlap with the ages of detrital zircon grains (∼3.5–2.0 Ga), consistent with a detrital origin. Many cores have scalloped and embayed surfaces indicating partial dissolution of former detrital grains. Textural evidence links the growth of the monazite rims (∼1.2 Ga) to deformation and regional metamorphism during the Mesoproterozoic Albany-Fraser orogeny. These results indicate that high-Th detrital monazite is unstable under low-grade metamorphic conditions (<400°C) and was partially or completely dissolved. Dissolution was followed by near-instantaneous reprecipitation and the formation of low-Th monazite and ThSiO4. This reaction is likely to operate in other low-grade metasedimentary rocks, resulting in the progressive replacement of detrital monazite by metamorphic monazite during regional prograde metamorphism.  相似文献   

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